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- Amos Burn war ein englischer Schachmeister, der Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts zu den besten Spielern seines Landes gehörte. Er lernte Schach mit 16 Jahren und spielte zunächst nur auf lokalen Turnieren, die er fast alle gewann. Trotzdem entschied er sich gegen eine finanziell unsichere Karriere als Berufsspieler und erlernte den Beruf eines Kaufmanns. Durch häufige geschäftliche Auslandsreisen gab es mehrjährige Pausen zwischen seinen Auftritten in der Turnierarena. 1886 hielt er Wettkämpfe gegen Henry Edward Bird und George Henry Mackenzie unentschieden. Seinen ersten international beachteten Turniererfolg erzielte er durch seinen mit Isidor Gunsberg geteilten Sieg in London 1887, vor Joseph Henry Blackburne und Johannes Hermann Zukertort. 1889 gewann er das Turnier in Amsterdam vor dem späteren Schachweltmeister Emanuel Lasker und wurde in Breslau Zweiter hinter Siegbert Tarrasch. Sein wohl größter Erfolg war der Sieg beim DSB-Kongress in Köln 1898, bei dem er Rudolf Charousek, Wilhelm Steinitz, Michail Tschigorin und Carl Schlechter hinter sich ließ. Danach nahm seine Spielstärke langsam ab und er konnte keine Turniersiege mehr erringen. Nach dem Turnier in Breslau 1912, bei dem er nur den 12. Platz belegte, beendete er seine internationale Schachkarriere. Er übernahm die regelmäßige Schachkolumne der Zeitung The Field, die er bis zu seinem Tode leitete. Burn pflegte einen eher defensiven Stil und galt als Anhänger der von Steinitz formulierten Prinzipien des Positionsspiels. Nach ihm ist eine Variante der Französischen Verteidigung benannt, die nach den Zügen 1. e2-e4 e7-e6 2. d2-d4 d7-d5 3. Sb1-c3 Sg8-f6 4. Lc1-g5 d5xe4 entsteht. Seine beste Historische Elo-Zahl war 2728 im Oktober 1900.
- Amos Burn (1848–1925) was an English chess player, one of the world's leading players at the end of the 19th century, and a chess writer. Burn was born on New Year's Eve, 1848, in Hull. As a teenager, he moved to Liverpool, becoming apprenticed to a firm of ship-owners and merchants. He only learned chess at the relatively late age of 16. He later took chess lessons from future World Champion Wilhelm Steinitz in London, and, like his teacher, became known for his superior defensive ability. Aron Nimzowitsch, in his book The Praxis of My System, named Burn one of the world's six greatest defensive players. Although never a professional chess player, Burn had a long career. His first tournament, in 1867-68 was a handicap tournament at the Liverpool Chess Club. Placed in the second level, where he received pawn and move odds from the four top-seeded players, and gave up to knight odds to the other players, Burn won easily, scoring 24 out of 25 possible points. Burn's first major tournament was the Third Challenge Cup of the British Chess Association (London 1870), where he surprised the pundits by tying for first with John Wisker, ahead of Joseph Henry Blackburne and others, but lost the playoff to Wisker. His last was Breslau 1912, where he finished 12th of 18 players, scoring 7.5 out of 17 possible points. In 1913, Leopold Hoffer, the editor for over 30 years of the chess column in The Field, the leading chess column in Great Britain, died. The proprietors of The Field took seven weeks to select a successor, finally settling on Burn. He moved to London and wrote the column until his death in 1925. Burn's greatest tournament results were equal first at London 1887 with Isidor Gunsberg, first at Amsterdam 1889 (ahead of a young Emanuel Lasker), second at Breslau 1889 and first at Cologne 1898. He also played at Hastings 1895, the strongest tournament held up to that point, finishing in joint twelfth place with 9½ points out of 21. In one of Burn's last tournaments, he won as White against the young Alexander Alekhine at Karlsbad 1911: 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 5.e5 Ne4 6. Bxe7 Qxe7 7. Bd3 Nxc3 8. bxc3 c5 9. Nf3 Nc6 10. O-O c4 11. Be2 Bd7 12. Qd2 b5 13. Ne1 a5 14.a3 O-O 15.f4 b4 16. axb4 axb4 17. Rxa8 Rxa8 18. cxb4 Qxb4 19.c3 Qb3 20. Bd1 Ra2 21. Qc1 Qb6 22. Rf2 Qa7 23. Rxa2 Qxa2 24. Nc2 h6 25. Qa1 Qxa1 26. Nxa1 Na7 27. Kf2 Bc6 28. Ke3 Nb5 29. Kd2 Kf8 30. Nc2 Ke7 31. Ne3 f5 32. Bf3 Kd7 33.g4 fxg4 34. Bxg4 g6 35. Bd1 Ke7 36. Ng4 h5 37. Ne3 Kf7 38. Ng2 Kg7 39. Nh4 Be8 40. Nf3 Kf7 41. Kc2 Bd7 42. Kb2 Na7 43. Ka3 Nc6 44. Ba4 Ke7 45. Nh4 Kf7 46. Bxc6 Bxc6 47. Kb4 Be8 48. Nf3 Ke7 49. Ng5 Bc6 50. Ka3 Bd7 51. Kb2 Ba4 52. Kc1 Bb3 53. Nf3 Ba4 54. Nh4 Kf7 55. Ng2 Bd7 56.h4 Be8 57. Kb2 Ba4 58. Ne3 Ke7 59. Ka3 Bc6 60. Kb4 Kd7 61. Ka5 Kc7 62. Nc2 Kb7 63. Nb4 Bd7 64. Na6 Be8 65. Nc5+ Kc6 66. Nxe6 Bd7 67. Ng5 Bf5 68. Kb4 Bg4 69. Ka3 Kd7 70. Nf7 Be6 71. Nd6 Kc6 72. Kb2 Bg4 73. Kc2 Kd7 74. Kd2 Ke6 75. Ke3 Bh3 76.f5+ gxf5 77. Kf4 Bg4 78. Kg5 Bh3 79. Ne8 Kf7 80. Nf6 f4 81. Kxf4 Be6 82. Kg5 1-0 File:Chess zhor 26. png File:Chess zver 26. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess qdl44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess zver 26. png File:Chess pdd44. png File:Chess pdl44. png File:Chess rdd44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess kdd44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess pdd44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess pld44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess pdd44. png File:Chess pll44. png File:Chess pdd44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess bdd44. png File:Chess bll44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess pll44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess ndd44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess pll44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess pll44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess qld44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess pld44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess kld44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess rld44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess zhor 26. png MacDonald-Burn, offhand game, Liverpool 1910, position after White's 33rd move. At right is a surprisingly little known position from one of Burn's games. At first blush, Black's position looks resignable: it appears that his bishop, attacked twice and pinned to his king, will fall and he will soon be checkmated. Burn produced the staggering 33... Qg4!!, leaving his queen en prise to three different White pieces. However, if 34. Bxg4 or hxg4, Black wins with 34... Bxd2. If 34. Qxg5+, Qxg5 35. Rxg5+ Kh6, Black wins a piece and the game. MacDonald instead tried 34. Rxg4 Nf3+ 35. Kg2 Nxd2 36. Rxg5+ Kh6 37.h4 Nxb3 38. Rf5 Nxa5 and Burn won in 11 more moves. Burns' biographer Richard Forster calls the move "without doubt the most extraordinary of his career. " Chess journalist Tim Krabbé considers 33... Qg4!! one of the ten most fantastic moves ever played. (scroll down to No. 258), noting that it is a rare example of the Novotny theme in practical play. Burn is the eponym of the Burn Variation of the French Defence (1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 dxe4). The line had been played before, including by Albert Clerc against Adolf Anderssen at Paris 1878. Burn's first known game with the variation was against Charles Locock at Bradford 1888. However, Burn "was the first to adopt it regularly and with good results", scoring nine wins, one draw, and five losses with it. In 2004, the Swiss International Master Richard Forster published the 972-page Amos Burn: A Chess Biography. Viktor Korchnoi observed in its foreword that "this work accords [Burn Burn] the recognition he deserves, painstakingly assembling and analysing all available games and biographical material about him".
- Amos Burn oli englantilainen shakinpelaaja ja shakkikirjailija. Burn syntyi Hullissa ja muutti Lontooseen 21 vuoden ikäisenä. Hän otti shakkioppitunteja tulevalta maailmanmestarilta, Wilhelm Steinitzilta. Opettajansa tapaan Burnista tuli tunnettu loistavien puolustuskykyjensä avulla. Burn kirjoitti shakkikolumnia The Field -lehteen, mutta ei ollut koskaan ammattilaispelaaja. Burnin parhaita tuloksia ovat jaettu ensimmäinen sija Lontoon vuoden 1887 turnauksessa sekä Amsterdamin vuoden 1889 turnauksen voitto. Hän tuli myös toiseksi samana vuonna Breslaussa ja voitti Kölnin turnauksen vuonna 1898. Burn on antanut nimensä ranskalaisen puolustuksen Burnin muunnelmalle.
- Si trasferì a Londra all'età di 21 anni e prese lezioni di scacchi da Wilhelm Steinitz. Come il suo maestro divenne noto per le sue ottime capacità difensive. Nel suo libro La pratica del mio sistema Aaron Nimzowitsch lo pone tra i primi sei giocatori "puramente difensivi". A 25 anni vinse il campionato di Liverpool. In seguito ottenne ottimi risultati in vari tornei organizzati dalla British Chess Association (BCA): = 1° a Londra 1870, 2° a Glasgow 1875, = 1° con Blackburne a Londra 1886, 1° a Nottingham 1886, 3° a Belfast nello stesso anno. L'anno successivo fu = 1° con Gunsberg nel torneo di Londra, davanti a Blackburne e Zukertort. Nel 1889 si classificò 5° nel fortissimo torneo di New York davanti a quindici maestri; 2° a Breslavia 1889 dietro a Tarrasch, 1° ad Amsterdam nello stesso anno davanti a Lasker, 1° a Craigside nel 1897. MacDonald - Burn, Liverpool 1910 File:Chess zhor 22. png File:Chess zver 22. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess qdl44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess zver 22. png File:Chess pdd44. png File:Chess pdl44. png File:Chess rdd44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess kdd44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess pdd44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess pld44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess pdd44. png File:Chess pll44. png File:Chess pdd44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess bdd44. png File:Chess bll44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess pll44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess ndd44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess pll44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess pll44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess qld44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess pld44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess kld44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess d44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess rld44. png File:Chess l44. png File:Chess zhor 22. png Posizione dopo Al torneo di Hastings 1895, il più forte disputato fino a quel momento, si classificò 12° su 21 partecipanti. Nel 1898 ottenne il suo più grande successo, vincendo il torneo di Colonia davanti a quindici giocatori, tra cui Charousek, Chigorin, Schlechter, Janowski e Steinitz. Disputò diversi match: nel 1875 vinse contro John Owen, perse con lo stesso avversario nel 1898; pareggiò con Bird, Mackenzie e Bellingham. Prese parte al match per telegrafo Inghilterra-Stati Uniti, ma fu battuto da Jackson Showalter. Fu redattore della rubrica scacchistica della rivista The Field, succedendo a Leopold Hoffer, dal 1913 fino alla morte. Nel torneo di Carlsbad 1911 vinse con Alekhine (vedi la partita e con Tartakower . È famosa una sua partita informale nella quale, in una posizione apparentemente disperata, sacrifica la Donna lasciandola in presa in tre modi diversi . Tim Krabbé considera la mossa 33. ... Dg4!! una delle dieci mosse più fantastiche mai giocate, notando che è un raro esempio del tema problemistico Novotny in partita.
- Amos Burn foi um dos mais fortes jogadores do final do século XIX. Foi pupilo de Wilhelm Steinitz e desenvolveu um estilo de jogar similar. Burn não se profissionalizou, competindo como amador nos torneios que disputou. Até os 38 anos de idade, não jogou com frequencia e somente em eventos nacionais mas sempre alcançando o primeiro ou segundo lugar. A partir de 1886 jogou com uma frequencia maior, empatando dois matches contra Henry Bird (+9-9) e George Mackenzie (+4=2-4). Burn venceu o torneio de Londres (1887) empatado com Isidor Gunsberg e em Breslau (1889) ficou em segundo atrás de Siegbert Tarrasch mas a frente de Gunsberg. Em Colônia (1898), venceu ficando a frente de Rudolf Charousek, Mikhail Chigorin, Steinitz, Carl Schlechter e Dawid Janowski. Apesar da idade já avançada, competiu em outros sete torneios internacionais sendo Oostende (1906) o melhor resultado ao dividir o quarto lugar com Ossip Bernstein e Richard Teichmann, ficando atrás de Schlechter, Geza Maróczy e Akiba Rubinstein. Burn ainda editou uma coluna sobre xadrez no The Field de 1913 até sua morte. Predefinição:Referências
- Амос Берн — английский шахматист и шахматный журналист; редактор шахматного отдела английского журнала «Филд». Коммерсант.
- Fichier:Amos Burn 1895. jpg Amos Burn en 1895 Amos Burn (1848—1925) est un joueur d'échecs anglais qui fut un des meilleurs joueurs du monde à la fin du Modèle:S.
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