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- Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik or Al-Walid I (668 - 715) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 705 - 715. He continued the expansion of the Islamic empire that was sparked by his father, and was an effective ruler. His father Abd al-malik had taken the oath of allegiance for Walid I during his lifetime . As such the succession of Al-Walid I was not contested . His reign was marked by endless successions of conquests east and west. Al-Walid I (705-715 AD/86-96 AH), began the Islamic conquests and took the early Islamic empire to its farthest extents. He reconquered parts of Egypt from the Byzantines and moved on into Carthage and across to the west of North Africa. Then, in 711, Muslim armies crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and began to conquer Spain using North African Berber armies. By 716, the Visigoths of Spain had been defeated and Spain was under Muslim control. This would be the farthest extent of Islamic control of Europe—in 736, they were stopped in their expansion into Europe south of Tours, France. In the east, Islamic armies made it as far as the Indus River in 710—under Al-Walid, the caliphate empire stretched from Spain to India. Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef played a crucial role in the organization and selection of military commanders. Al-Walid paid great attention to the expansion of an organized military, building the strongest navy in Ummayad era, it was this tactic that supported the ultimate expansion to Spain. His reign is considered as the apex of Islamic power. Al-Walid also began the first great buiilding projects of Islam, the most famous of which is the mosque at Damascus. The long history of Islamic architecture really begins with al-Walid. This is also the period, however, in which Islamic court culture begins to germinate. With the caliph as a patron, artists and writers begin to develop a new, partly secular culture based on Islamic ideas. It was also Al-Walid that coupled islamicization with arabicization. Conversion was not forced on conquered peoples; however, since non-believers had to pay an extra tax and were not technically citizens, many people did convert for religious and non-religious reasons. This created several problems, particularly since Islam was so closely connected with being Arab—being Arab, of course, was more than an ethnic identity, it was a tribal identity based on kinship and descent. As more and more Muslims were non-Arabs, the status of Arabs and their culture became threatened. In particular, large numbers of Coptic-speaking (Egypt) and Persian-speaking Muslims threatened the primacy of the very language that Islam is based on. In part to alleviate that threat, al-Walid instituted Arabic as the only official language of the empire. He decreed that all administration was to be done only in Arabic. It was this move that would cement the primacy of Arabic language and culture in the Islamic world. Like his father, Al-Walid continued to allow Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef free rein, and his trust in Al-Hajjaj paid off with the successful conquests of Transoxiana and Sindh. Musa ibn Nusayr and his retainer Tariq ibn Ziyad conquered Al-Andalus. Al-Hajjaj was responsible for picking the generals who led the successful eastern campaigns, and was well known from his own successful campaign against Ibn Zubayr during the reign of Al-Walid's father. Others, such as al-Walid's brother Salamah, advanced against the Byzantines and into Adharbayjan. Valladolid is an industrial city and it is a municipality in north-central Spain, upon the Rio Pisuerga and within the Ribera del Duero region. It is the capital of the province of Valladolid and of the autonomous community of Castile and Leon, therefore is part of the historical region of Castile. The name "Valladolid" is linked with the Arabic name for the city بلد الوليد meaning The City of Al- Walid. Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari describes how Qutaibah bin Muslim, Khurasan's governor, led forces extending the caliphate to the east. Qutaibah campaigned in most, if not all, years of this reign, conquering Samarqand, advancing into Farghana and sending envoys to China. (v. 23) Al-Tabari records how al-Hajjaj tortured Yazid ibn al-Muhallab. Yazid escaped and made his way to al-Walid's brother Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik who granted him refuge. Al-Hajjaj pressed al-Walid about this and al-Walid commanded Suleiman to send him Yazid in chains. Suleiman had his own son approach al-Walid chained to Yazid and speak in favour of Yazid's safety. Al-Walid accepted this and told al-Hajjaj to desist. (v. 23, p. 156f) Al-Walid himself continued the effective rule that was characteristic of his father, he developed a welfare system, built hospitals, educational institutions and measures for the appreciation of art. In 691, Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ordered that the Dome of the Rock be built on the site where the Islamic Prophet Muhammad begun his journey to heaven (Meraj) on the Temple Mount. About a decade afterward, Caliph Al-Walid I ordered the building of Al-Aqsa Mosque.[73] It was under Umayyad rule of Al- Walid and his father Abd al-Malik that Christians and Jews were granted the official title of "Peoples of the Book" to underline the common monotheistic roots they shared with Islam Al-Walid himself was an enthusiast of architecture and he repaired and refurbished Masjid al Nabawi in Medina. He also improved mountain passes and wells in Hijaz (al-Tabari v. 23, p. 144). In addition, he demolished the Christian Basilica of St. John the Baptist to build a great mosque, now known as the Great Mosque of Damascus or simply the Umayyad Mosque (John the Baptist is considered a Prophet of Islam and is known as Yahya). The Grand Mosque of Damascus, also known as the Umayyad Mosque, is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world. Located in one of the holiest sites in the old city of Damascus, it is of great architectural importance. The mosque holds a shrine which is said to contain the head of John the Baptist, honoured as a prophet by Muslims and Christians alike. The head was supposedly found during the excavations for the building of the mosque. The tomb of Saladin stands in a small garden adjoining the north wall of the mosque. In 2001 Pope John Paul II visited the mosque, primarily to visit the relics of John the Baptist. It was the first time a pope paid a visit to a mosque. In an article titled “Syria: Crossroads of the Levant”, featured on Syria’s Ministry of Tourism website [1], Richard Moore reports that “the highlight to the Old City was the Umayyad Mosque. Initially, the Muslim conquest of Damascus in 636 did not affect the church, as the building was shared by Muslim and Christian worshippers. It remained a church although the Muslims built a mud brick structure against the southern wall so that they could pray. Under the Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I, however, the church was demolished and between 706 and 715 the current mosque built in its place. According to the legend, Al-Walid I himself initiated the demolition by driving a golden spike into the church. At that point in time, Damascus was one of the most important cities in the Middle East and would later become the capital of the Umayyad caliphate. He was also known for his own personal piety, and many stories tell of his continual reciting of the Qur'an and the large feasts he hosted for those fasting during Ramadan. He was married to Umm Banin bint Abdul Aziz ibn Marwan ibn Hakam. Al-Walid was succeeded by his brother Suleiman.
- Al-Walid I. , الوليد بن عبد الملك, Al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik, war der sechste Kalif der Umayyaden. Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik trat am 8. Oktober 705 die Nachfolge seines Vaters Abd al-Malik an. Während seiner Regierung wurde die Herrschaft der Umayyaden weiter gefestigt, wobei er sich auf die bewährten Statthalter seines Vaters stützte. Unter Al-Walid erreichte das Kalifat seine größte Ausdehnung. So wurde im Westen die Unterwerfung des Maghreb abgeschlossen und unter Tariq ibn Ziyad 711 die Eroberung des Westgotenreichs eingeleitet. Im Osten des Reiches wurde Sindh und das Industal unter Muhammad ibn al-Qasim sowie Transoxanien unter Qutaiba ibn Muslim unterworfen. Neben der Sicherung der Kaukasusgebiete gegen die Einfälle der Chasaren konnten auch Erfolge gegen Byzanz erzielt werden. Der von al-Walid vorbereitete Feldzug gegen Konstantinopel konnte aber erst unter seinem Nachfolger Sulayman ausgeführt werden. Für Pilger und Reisende förderte er den Bau von Straßen vor allem nach Mekka, die Anlage von Brunnen, Herbergen und Hospizen. Unter ihm wurden die Umayyaden-Moschee in Damaskus als größter islamischer Sakralbau errichtet und die Prophetenmoschee in Medina erweitert. Diese umfangreiche Bautätigkeit stellte aber eine schwere Belastung für die Bevölkerung dar. Allein die Errichtung der Umayyaden-Moschee in Damaskus soll 5,6 Millionen Golddirham verschlungen haben. Al-Walid starb am 23. Februar 715.
- Al-Walid ibn Abd-al-Màlik o Al-Walid I (en àrab الوليد بن عبد الملك, al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik), califa omeia marwànida de Damasc.
- Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik o Al-Walid I era un Califa Omeya, que gobernó entre 705 y 715. Él continuó la extensión del imperio islámico que fue iniciada por su padre, y era un gobernante eficaz. Al-Walid I era el hijo mayor de Abd al-Malik y sucedió en el califato a la muerte de su padre. Como su padre, él continuó con el asesoramiento y ayuda de Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef dándole rienda libre, y su confianza en Al-Hajjaj se pagó acabando con las conquistas acertadas de Transoxiana, de Sindh, y la Península Ibérica. Hajjaj era responsable de escoger a los generales que condujeron estas acertadas campañas, y es bien conocido de su propia campaña acertada contra Ibn Zubayr durante el reinado del padre del Al-Walid. Al-Walid mismo continuó su gobierno eficaz que fue una característica del de su padre, él desarrolló un sistema de bienestar, hospitales construidos, instituciones educativas y medidas para el aprecio del arte. Al-Walid mismo era un entusiasta de la arquitectura y él reparó y restauró La Mezquita del Profeta en Medina. Además, él demolió la Basílica cristiana de San Juan Bautista para construir una gran mezquita, ahora conocido como la Gran Mezquita de Damasco o simplemente la Mezquita Omeya. Al-Walid también amplió grandemente las fuerzas militares, construyendo una marina de guerra fuerte. Su reinado se considera como el ápice del poder islámico. También lo conocían por su piedad personal, y muchas historias dicen de su recitar continuo del Coran y de los grandes banquetes que él recibió para ésos que ayunaba durante Ramadan. Al-Walid fue sucedido por su hermano Suleimán I.
- Al-Walid ben Abd al-Malik ou Al-Walid I (الوليد بن عبد الملك) fut le sixième calife omeyyade. Il était le fils aîné d'`Abd al-Malik et lui succéda en 705. Son frère cadet Sulayman lui succéda à sa mort en 715 Comme son père il continua à faire confiance à Al-Hajjaj pour agrandir son empire. Il fut payé en retour par la conquête de la Transoxiane, du Sind et de la péninsule Ibérique. Al-Hajjaj avait pour rôle de choisir les généraux aptes à mener ces campagnes victorieuses. Il avait lui-même conduit une campagne victorieuse contre Abd Allah ben az-Zubayr au cours du règne d'`Abd al-Malik. L'extension de l'empire se fit dans quatre directions : La Transoxiane avec Qutayba ben Muslim Le Sind avec Muhammad ben al-Qasim L'Anatolie et Constantinople avec Maslama ben `Abd al-Malik L'Afrique du Nord avec Mûsâ ben Nusayr et vers l'Andalousie avec Tariq ben Ziyad
- Al-Valíd ibn Abd al-Malik volt a szunnita iszlám tizedik kalifája, egyben a 750-ig uralkodó Omajjád-dinasztia ún. Marvánida ágának harmadik tagja. Jelentős hódítások kötődnek a nevéhez mind a keleti, mind a nyugati határokon.
- Walid proseguì nell'opera di consolidamento del califfato, riunificato dal padre Malik, completando l'arabizzazione dell'amministrazione (dīwān) e monumentalizzando i suoi centri principali con la costruzione a Damasco della grande moschea degli Omayyadi e di un edificio consimile ad Aleppo. Fece inoltre costruire il palazzo di Haraneh, uno dei tre Castelli del deserto della Giordania. Seguendo l'esempio del padre confermò al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf - che già godeva di un'ottima reputazione - nella carica di governatore della Persia. Hajjaj - che aveva dimostrato le sue capacità di governo in Iraq sedando una rivolta kharagita - pianificò le campagne militari che avrebbero condotto, entro il 712, all'annessione della Transoxiana e del Sindh. Musa ibn Nusayr e il suo delegato Tariq ibn Ziyad furono, invece, i generali che conquistarono e governarono, per conto del califfato di Damasco, i territori spagnoli di al-Andalus.
- ワリード1世（674年－715年、Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik、الوليد بن عبد الملك）は、ウマイヤ朝の第6代カリフ（在位：705年－715年）。第5代カリフであったアブドゥルマリクの子。 674年、ダマスカスに生まれる（生年には675年説もある）。705年、父の死により後を継いでカリフとなった。軍事面で優れた能力を持っていたため、中央アジアからインド北部、イベリア半島、東ローマ帝国などに積極的に進出して王朝最大の版図を形成し、王朝の全盛期を築き上げた。内政面においても学校や病院を多数建設し、聖ヨハネ聖堂をモスク（イスラムの寺院）に改造してウマイヤド・モスクと命名する。さらにメディナやメッカなどにもモスクを建設し、文化面でも大きな発展を遂げた。 715年、42歳で死去した。
- Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik ook bekend als Al-Walid I was een lid van de dynastie van de Omajjaden, die als kalief regeerde van 705 - 715. Al-Walid I was de oudste zoon van Abd al-Malik en volgde hem op bij diens dood. Hij liet, net als zijn vader, het daadwerkelijke regeren over aan Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef. Zijn vertrouwen werd uitbetaald in de verovering van de streken Transoxianië, Sindh en Andalusië. Al-Walid bleek een succesvol heerser te zijn. Hij bouwde ziekenhuizen, scholen en educatieve instellingen. Hij renoveerde de Moskee van de Profeet in Medina. Hij bouwde Grote Moskee van Damascus op de plek waar toen de Basiliek van Johannes de Doper stond. In Aleppo bouwde hij de Grote Moskee van Aleppo. Ook bouwde hij verschillende van de woestijnkastelen. Het badhuis Quseir Amra, dat ook tot de woestijnkastelen wordt gerekend, staat op de werelderfgoedlijst van UNESCO. Daarnaast stond al-Walid bekend om zijn vroomheid. Al-Walid werd opgevolgd door zijn broer Suleiman.
- Al-Walid I - kalif w latach 705-715. Pochodził z dynastii Umajjadów. Był synem kalifa Abd al-Malika, bratem późniejszych kalifów: Sulajmana, Jazida II i Hiszama. Jego rządy były okresem wielkiej ekspansji arabskiej w Azji Środkowej, w Afryce Północnej i w Europie. W 705 roku jeden z jego wodzów Qutajba Ibn Muslim rozpoczął marsz wojsk arabskich na wschód, który zakończył się podbojami: Baktrii (705), Buchary (709), Samarkandy (712) i Fergany (715). Dotarł też do Indii, gdzie zajął Multan. Inny dowódca Musa Ibn Nusajra kierując swoje wojska w kierunku zachodnim opanował Tanger i włączył do kalifatu Maghreb. W 710 roku rozpoczęto też najazdy na Półwysep Iberyjski, które doprowadziły w krótkim czasie do opanowania przez Saracenów południa Hiszpanii i w konsekwencji do upadku Królestwa Wizygotów. W sprawach wewnętrznych państwa arabskiego Al-Walid I umocnił swoją pozycję poprzez kontynuowanie reform zapoczątkowanych przez jego ojca. Opodatkował wszystkich posiadaczy i użytkowników ziemi haradżem. Odszedł też od tolerancji religijnej swoich poprzedników. Usunął ze swojego dworu chrześcijan i odebrał im jedną z najważniejszych świątyń na Bliskim Wschodzie - Bazylikę Św. Jana Chrzciciela w Damaszku, którą kazał przebudować na meczet zwany później Wielkim Meczetem Umajjadów. Rozbudował też główne sanktuarium islamu Mekkę. Wobec współwyznawców był filantropem. W kalifacie za jego czasów rozwinięto system zasiłków dla ubogich muzułmanów. Stworzono sieć przytułków i lazaretów dla chorych i kalekich.
- Валид I, полное имя аль-Валид ибн Абд аль-Малик (араб. الوليد بن عبد الملك&lrm) - омейядский халиф, правивший в 705 - 715 гг. При нём была продолжена активная территориальная экспансия Халифата, завоёваны обширные территории на Пиренейском полуострове, в Средней Азии и долине Инда. Валид I был старшим сыном Абд аль-Малика и унаследовал халифский престол сразу после смерти своего отца. Реальная административная власть при нём, так же как и при его отце, продолжала принадлежать аль-Хаджаджу. Валиду I на омейядском престоле наследовал его брат Сулейман.
- I. Velid, tam adı Ebu'l-Abbas el-Velid Bin Abdülmelik Bin Mervan, Emevilerin altıncı halifesi. Halife Abdülmelik'in büyük oğluydu. Gençliğinde Bizans'a karşı düzenlenen seferlere katıldı. Babasının ölümünden sonra 706da halife oldu.
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- Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik or Al-Walid I (668 - 715) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 705 - 715. He continued the expansion of the Islamic empire that was sparked by his father, and was an effective ruler. His father Abd al-malik had taken the oath of allegiance for Walid I during his lifetime . As such the succession of Al-Walid I was not contested . His reign was marked by endless successions of conquests east and west.
- Al-Walid I. , الوليد بن عبد الملك, Al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik, war der sechste Kalif der Umayyaden. Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik trat am 8. Oktober 705 die Nachfolge seines Vaters Abd al-Malik an. Während seiner Regierung wurde die Herrschaft der Umayyaden weiter gefestigt, wobei er sich auf die bewährten Statthalter seines Vaters stützte. Unter Al-Walid erreichte das Kalifat seine größte Ausdehnung.
- Al-Walid ibn Abd-al-Màlik o Al-Walid I (en àrab الوليد بن عبد الملك, al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik), califa omeia marwànida de Damasc.
- Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik o Al-Walid I era un Califa Omeya, que gobernó entre 705 y 715. Él continuó la extensión del imperio islámico que fue iniciada por su padre, y era un gobernante eficaz. Al-Walid I era el hijo mayor de Abd al-Malik y sucedió en el califato a la muerte de su padre.
- Al-Walid ben Abd al-Malik ou Al-Walid I (الوليد بن عبد الملك) fut le sixième calife omeyyade. Il était le fils aîné d'`Abd al-Malik et lui succéda en 705. Son frère cadet Sulayman lui succéda à sa mort en 715 Comme son père il continua à faire confiance à Al-Hajjaj pour agrandir son empire. Il fut payé en retour par la conquête de la Transoxiane, du Sind et de la péninsule Ibérique.
- Al-Valíd ibn Abd al-Malik volt a szunnita iszlám tizedik kalifája, egyben a 750-ig uralkodó Omajjád-dinasztia ún. Marvánida ágának harmadik tagja. Jelentős hódítások kötődnek a nevéhez mind a keleti, mind a nyugati határokon.
- Walid proseguì nell'opera di consolidamento del califfato, riunificato dal padre Malik, completando l'arabizzazione dell'amministrazione (dīwān) e monumentalizzando i suoi centri principali con la costruzione a Damasco della grande moschea degli Omayyadi e di un edificio consimile ad Aleppo. Fece inoltre costruire il palazzo di Haraneh, uno dei tre Castelli del deserto della Giordania.
- Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik ook bekend als Al-Walid I was een lid van de dynastie van de Omajjaden, die als kalief regeerde van 705 - 715. Al-Walid I was de oudste zoon van Abd al-Malik en volgde hem op bij diens dood. Hij liet, net als zijn vader, het daadwerkelijke regeren over aan Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef. Zijn vertrouwen werd uitbetaald in de verovering van de streken Transoxianië, Sindh en Andalusië. Al-Walid bleek een succesvol heerser te zijn.
- Al-Walid I - kalif w latach 705-715. Pochodził z dynastii Umajjadów. Był synem kalifa Abd al-Malika, bratem późniejszych kalifów: Sulajmana, Jazida II i Hiszama. Jego rządy były okresem wielkiej ekspansji arabskiej w Azji Środkowej, w Afryce Północnej i w Europie. W 705 roku jeden z jego wodzów Qutajba Ibn Muslim rozpoczął marsz wojsk arabskich na wschód, który zakończył się podbojami: Baktrii (705), Buchary (709), Samarkandy (712) i Fergany (715).
- Валид I, полное имя аль-Валид ибн Абд аль-Малик (араб. الوليد بن عبد الملك&lrm) - омейядский халиф, правивший в 705 - 715 гг.
- I. Velid, tam adı Ebu'l-Abbas el-Velid Bin Abdülmelik Bin Mervan, Emevilerin altıncı halifesi. Halife Abdülmelik'in büyük oğluydu. Gençliğinde Bizans'a karşı düzenlenen seferlere katıldı. Babasının ölümünden sonra 706da halife oldu.
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