40 acres and a mule is a term for compensation that was promised to be awarded to freed African American slaves after the Civil War: 40 acres of land to farm, and a mule with which to drag a plow so the land could be cultivated. 40 acres (16 ha) was a quarter of a quarter-section. The award was a land grant deeded to heads of households, the land presumably formerly being owned by land-holding whites. It was the product of Special Field Orders, No. 15, issued January 16, 1865 by Maj. Gen.

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  • 40 acres and a mule is a term for compensation that was promised to be awarded to freed African American slaves after the Civil War: 40 acres of land to farm, and a mule with which to drag a plow so the land could be cultivated. 40 acres (16 ha) was a quarter of a quarter-section. The award was a land grant deeded to heads of households, the land presumably formerly being owned by land-holding whites. It was the product of Special Field Orders, No. 15, issued January 16, 1865 by Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, which applied to black families who lived near the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Sherman's orders specifically allocated "the islands from Charleston, south, the abandoned rice fields along the rivers for thirty miles back from the sea, and the country bordering the St. Johns river, Florida". There was no mention of mules in Sherman's order, although the Army may have distributed them anyway. Federal and state homestead grants of the time ranged from 1/4 section up to a full section. After the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, his successor, Andrew Johnson, revoked Sherman's Orders. It is sometimes mistakenly claimed that Johnson also vetoed the enactment of the policy as a federal statute (introduced as U.S. Senate Bill 60). In fact, the Freedmen's Bureau Bill which he vetoed made no mention of grants of land or mules. (Another version of the Freedmen's bill, also without the land grants, was later passed after Johnson's second veto was overridden. ) By June 1865, around 10,000 freed slaves were settled on 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) in Georgia and South Carolina. Soon after, President Andrew Johnson reversed the order and returned the land to its white former owners. Because of this, the phrase has come to represent the failure of Reconstruction and the general public to assist African Americans.
  • 40 acres et une mule (40 acres and a mule) est la promesse d'indemnisation faite aux esclaves afro-américains libérés après la Guerre de Sécession : 40 acres de terre à cultiver et une mule pour traîner une charrue.
  • 40 acri e un mulo è un termine usato per indicare il risarcimento che doveva essere assegnato agli schiavi afro-americani liberati dopo la guerra civile : 40 acri di terra coltivabile, e un mulo con il quale trascinare l'aratro per coltivarla. Il premio — una concessione terriera di un quarto di un quarto (un sedicesimo) di miglio quadrato spettante a capi famiglia presumibilmente in precedenza posseduti da proprietari terrieri bianchi — fu il prodotto dello Special Field Orders, No. 15, emanato il 16 gennaio 1865 dal Maggiore Generale William T. Sherman, e si applicava alle famiglie nere che vivevano vicino alla costa della Carolina del Sud, della Georgia e della Florida. Gli ordini di Sherman allocavano nello specifico "le isole da Charleston, a sud, i campi di riso abbandonati lungo i fiumi per trenta miglia all'interno dal mare, e i territori che costeggiano il fiume St. Johns in Florida". Non venivano menzionati muli nell'ordine di Sherman, anche se l'esercito potrebbe averli distribuiti comunque. Le concessioni federali e statali dell'epoca andavano da un quarto di miglio quadrato a un miglio quadrato. Dopo l'assassinio del presidente Abramo Lincoln, il suo successore, Andrew Johnson, revocò gli Ordini di Sherman. Viene talvolta erroneamente sostenuto che Johnson pose anche il veto sull'approvazione della norma come statuto federale (introdotta come legge 60 del Senato). In realtà, la "Freedmen's Bureau Bill" sulla quale pose il veto, non faceva menzione di concessioni terriere o di muli. (Un'altra versione della Freedmen's Bill, sempre senza concessioni terriere, venne approvata in seguito, dopo che venne annullato il secondo veto di Johnson. ) Entro il giugno del 1865, circa 10.000 schiavi liberati erano stati insediati su 400.000 acri (1.600 km²) in Georgia e Carolina del Sud. Poco dopo il presidente Johnson ribaltò l'ordine e restituì le terre ai precedenti proprietari bianchi. A causa di ciò, la frase ha finito con il rappresentare il fallimento da parte della Ricostruzione e della società in genere, nell'assistere gli afro-americani.
  • 40エーカーとラバ1頭（40 acres and a mule）とは、南北戦争後に解放されたアフリカ系アメリカ人の奴隷（解放奴隷）に対して約束された補償を意味する言葉である。農地とするための40 エーカー（16 ヘクタール）の土地と、鍬（くわ）代わりの1頭のラバを与えることにより、その土地で耕作ができる、というものだった。アメリカ合衆国では解放奴隷に対する「破られた約束」の代名詞として知られている。 40エーカーは、クォーターセクションの4分の1の広さ（クォーター・オブ・クォーターセクション）である。解放奴隷に対する補償は、以前は白人が所有していた土地の使用許可で、世帯主に対して与えられた。それは1865年1月16日にウィリアム・シャーマン少将（William T. Sherman）が発布した第15土地特令の産物であった。シャーマンの特例は、サウスカロライナ州、ジョージア州 、そしてフロリダ州の沿岸地帯に住む黒人家族に適用され、「チャールストンの島々、海から30マイル離れた川沿いの南部の休耕田、そしてフロリダ州セント・ジョーンズ川沿いの土地」が割り当てられた。シャーマンの特例は、実際にはラバに関して一言も触れていなかったが、軍がその話を広めた。当時の連邦および州のホームステッド法による定住許可は、4分の1セクションから1セクションまでの範囲だった。 アメリカ合衆国大統領エイブラハム・リンカーンの暗殺後、後継者のアンドリュー・ジョンソンはシャーマンの特例を廃止した。ジョンソンは（第60上院法案として知られる）連邦法の立法化に拒否権を使用したした言われるが、これには誤解がある。実際に彼が拒否した解放黒人局法案は、土地またはラバの使用許可について一切言及していなかったのである。（別の解放奴隷法案がジョンソンの再拒否を翻した後に成立したが、それもまた土地使用許可には言及していなかった。） 1865年までに約10,000人の解放奴隷たちが、ジョージア州とサウス・カロライナ州の400,000エーカー（160,000ヘクタール）の土地に移り住んだ。その後すぐ、 アンドリュー・ジョンソン大統領は特例を取り消し、元の白人の地主に土地を返還した。このためこのフレーズは、レコンストラクションおよびアフリカ系アメリカ人支援における失敗を意味するものとなった。
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  • 40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks
  • the film production company
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  • 40 acres and a mule is a term for compensation that was promised to be awarded to freed African American slaves after the Civil War: 40 acres of land to farm, and a mule with which to drag a plow so the land could be cultivated. 40 acres (16 ha) was a quarter of a quarter-section. The award was a land grant deeded to heads of households, the land presumably formerly being owned by land-holding whites. It was the product of Special Field Orders, No. 15, issued January 16, 1865 by Maj. Gen.
  • 40 acres et une mule (40 acres and a mule) est la promesse d'indemnisation faite aux esclaves afro-américains libérés après la Guerre de Sécession : 40 acres de terre à cultiver et une mule pour traîner une charrue.
  • 40 acri e un mulo è un termine usato per indicare il risarcimento che doveva essere assegnato agli schiavi afro-americani liberati dopo la guerra civile : 40 acri di terra coltivabile, e un mulo con il quale trascinare l'aratro per coltivarla. Il premio — una concessione terriera di un quarto di un quarto (un sedicesimo) di miglio quadrato spettante a capi famiglia presumibilmente in precedenza posseduti da proprietari terrieri bianchi — fu il prodotto dello Special Field Orders, No.
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  • 40 acres and a mule
  • 40 acres et une mule
  • 40 acri e un mulo
  • 40エーカーとラバ1頭
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