The 2R hypothesis or Ohno's hypothesis, first proposed by Susumu Ohno in 1970, is a contested hypothesis in genomics and molecular evolution suggesting that the genomes of the early vertebrate lineage underwent one or more complete genome duplications, and thus modern vertebrate genomes reflect paleopolyploidy.

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  • The 2R hypothesis or Ohno's hypothesis, first proposed by Susumu Ohno in 1970, is a contested hypothesis in genomics and molecular evolution suggesting that the genomes of the early vertebrate lineage underwent one or more complete genome duplications, and thus modern vertebrate genomes reflect paleopolyploidy. The name derives from the 2 rounds of duplication hypothesized by a 1994 version, and the term 2R hypothesis was probably coined in 1999; variations in the number of duplications typically still are referred to as examples of the 2R hypothesis. Since Ohno proposed the first version of it in Evolution by Gene Duplication, the 2R hypothesis has been the subject of much research, but even with recent data from the human genome, it remains a matter of scientific dispute. According to Hokamp et al. (2003), the version of the genome duplication hypothesis from which 2R hypothesis takes its name appears in Holland et al. (1994) and the term was coined in Hughes (1999).
  • 2R仮説（にアールかせつ）あるいは大野の仮説（おおののかせつ）とは、大野乾（1970） によって初めて提唱された、ゲノミクスおよび分子進化上の仮説で、脊椎動物では進化の初期段階で全ゲノムの重複が1回以上起こり、その結果その後の脊椎動物ゲノムは始原ゲノムの多倍数体となっていると考える。論争を呼んだ仮説である。仮説の呼称は1994年には「2 rounds of duplication（2回重複）」仮説とされていたことに基づき、1999年に2R仮説と呼ばれ始めたようだ。重複回数に変異はあるが典型的な回数である2回を指してなお2R仮説と呼ばれる。大野が『Evolution by Gene Duplication（遺伝子重複による進化）』でこのことを最初に記述して以来、この仮説をめぐって広範な研究が引き起こされたが、ヒトゲノムからの最新データをもってしても、なお論議が絶えない。
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  • The 2R hypothesis or Ohno's hypothesis, first proposed by Susumu Ohno in 1970, is a contested hypothesis in genomics and molecular evolution suggesting that the genomes of the early vertebrate lineage underwent one or more complete genome duplications, and thus modern vertebrate genomes reflect paleopolyploidy.
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  • 2R hypothesis
  • 2R仮説
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