Nicolai Anhorn von Hartwiss (Николай Андерс фон, де Гартвис, Николай Андреевич; was a Livonian-born, Baltic German, Russian botanist, plant explorer and plant breeder. His education at the university in Dorpat (Livonia) was interrupted by the Napoleonic Wars 1812–1818 when he served in the Russian army. Afterwards he worked on his father's estate and by 1824 was living in Riga and had a collection of 500 varieties of fruit trees and roses. He was then appointed to the Russian Imperial Botanical Garden at Nikita where he served as a director for the rest of his career. He is remembered for his plant collection explorations of Georgia and the Crimea, and for the breeding of roses.