John Mills Pearson (October 7, 1832 – June 4, 1910) was an American politician and Mason from Massachusetts. Although originally intending to study at Harvard University, Pearson instead moved to Illinois and became a merchant. He was named a trustee of the University of Illinois in 1870, then served on the Illinois Board of Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners from 1873 to 1877. Pearson was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1878, where he served three terms. Pearson was also a leader in the Illinois Grand Lodge, rising to become its Grand Master.