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The siege of Chandax in 960-961 was the centerpiece of the Byzantine Empire's campaign to recover the island of Crete which since the 820s had been ruled by Muslim Arabs. The campaign followed a series of failed attempts to reclaim the island from the Muslims stretching as far back as 827, only a few years after the initial conquest of the island by the Arabs, and was led by the general and future emperor Nikephoros Phokas. It lasted from autumn 960 until spring 961, when the main Muslim fortress and capital of the island, Chandax (modern Heraklion) was captured. The reconquest of Crete was a major achievement for the Byzantines, as it restored Byzantine control over the Aegean littoral and diminished the threat of Saracen pirates, for which Crete had provided a base of operations.

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  • Setge de Càndia (ca)
  • Asedio de Chandax (es)
  • Siège de Chandax (fr)
  • Pengepungan Chandax (in)
  • Siege of Chandax (en)
  • Cerco de Chandax (pt)
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  • Le siège de Chandax (Candie puis Héraklion) en 960-961, est le point culminant de la campagne byzantine de reconquête de l'île de Crète, alors siège de l'émirat de Crète depuis les années 820. Il met un terme à plusieurs tentatives de reprendre l'île aux musulmans, dont la première remonte à 827. La prise de Candie est menée à bien par Nicéphore Phocas, qui devient empereur quelque temps après sa victoire. La campagne en elle-même s'étend de l'automne 960 au printemps 961. Son issue victorieuse est une réussite de première importance pour les Byzantins, qui retrouvent le contrôle du littoral de la mer Égée, dès lors que celle-ci est moins exposée aux raids des pirates musulmans, évoluant souvent depuis la Crète. (fr)
  • The siege of Chandax in 960-961 was the centerpiece of the Byzantine Empire's campaign to recover the island of Crete which since the 820s had been ruled by Muslim Arabs. The campaign followed a series of failed attempts to reclaim the island from the Muslims stretching as far back as 827, only a few years after the initial conquest of the island by the Arabs, and was led by the general and future emperor Nikephoros Phokas. It lasted from autumn 960 until spring 961, when the main Muslim fortress and capital of the island, Chandax (modern Heraklion) was captured. The reconquest of Crete was a major achievement for the Byzantines, as it restored Byzantine control over the Aegean littoral and diminished the threat of Saracen pirates, for which Crete had provided a base of operations. (en)
  • O Cerco de Chandax foi a peça central da campanha do Império Bizantino para recuperar a ilha de Creta, enquanto desde a década de 820 foi governada por árabes muçulmanos. A campanha foi a última numa série de tentativas falhas para reclamar a ilha dos muçulmanos que começaram desde 827, alguns anos após a conquista inicial da ilha pelos árabes, e foi liderada pelo general e futuro imperador Nicéforo Focas. Durou do outono de 960 até a primavera de 961, quando o principal forte e capital da ilha, Chandax (atual Heraclião) foi capturada. A reconquista de Creta foi a principal realização dos bizantinos, pois restaurou o controle sobre o litoral egeu e diminuiu a ameaça dos piratas sarracenos, pelo que Creta forneceu a base de operações. (pt)
  • El asedio de Chandax del 960-961 fue el elemento clave de la campaña bizantina para recuperar la isla de Creta, que desde la década del 820 estaba en poder de árabes musulmanes. La campaña se emprendió tras una serie de intentos fallidos de recobrar la isla de manos de los musulmanes que se remontaba al año 827, apenas unos años después de la conquista árabe, y la dirigió el general y futuro emperador Nicéforo Focas. Duró desde el otoño del 960 hasta la primavera del 961, cuando los bizantinos expugnaron la principal fortaleza musulmana y capital de la isla, Chandax (la moderna Heraclión). La reconquista de Creta fue un logro importante para los bizantinos, ya que restableció su dominio sobre el litoral egeo y redujo la amenaza de los piratas sarracenos, que habían empleado Creta como base (es)
  • Pengepungan Chandax adalah pengepungan yang dilancarkan oleh Kekaisaran Romawi Timur terhadap kota Chandax (kini Heraklion) dari musim gugur tahun 960 hingga musim semi tahun 961. Pengepungan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya Romawi Timur untuk merebut kembali Pulau Kreta dari tangan Muslim. Sebelumnya, Kreta ditaklukkan oleh kaum Muslim pada tahun 820-an. Romawi Timur lalu berulang kali mencoba merebut kembali pulau ini dari tahun 827, tetapi upaya-upaya ini tidak membuahkan hasil. Chandax sendiri merupakan benteng utama dan ibu kota Keamiran Kreta. (in)
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  • Siege ofChandax (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Byzantines_under_Nikephoros_Phokas_besiege_Chandax.png
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