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Scottish society in the Middle Ages is the social organisation of what is now Scotland between the departure of the Romans from Britain in the fifth century and the establishment of the Renaissance in the early sixteenth century. Social structure is obscure in the early part of the period, for which there are few documentary sources. Kinship groups probably provided the primary system of organisation and society was probably divided between a small aristocracy, whose rationale was based around warfare, a wider group of freemen, who had the right to bear arms and were represented in law codes, above a relatively large body of slaves, who may have lived beside and become clients of their owners.

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  • Scottish society in the Middle Ages (en)
  • المجتمع الاسكتلندي في العصور الوسطى (ar)
  • 中世纪时期的苏格兰社会 (zh)
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  • 中世纪的苏格兰社会主要是指从公元五世纪罗马人入侵不列颠岛到十六世纪初期的文艺复兴这段时间。在早期,苏格兰并没有明确的社会结构,并且也鲜有材料记载,血缘关系可以算是当时维系社会的基础。当时的社会架构大致被分为三个部分:因战争而被册封的小型贵族;有权携带武器,并受法律保护的自由民;以及相较占多数,最终可能与前主人形成雇佣关系的奴隶。 从十二世纪开始,就有一些资料详细地记载了当时的社会阶层。国王和小部分总务官 (mormaer) 属于第一等,接下来是自由民,最后是占大多数的农奴,他们大部分集中在苏格兰中部。 在大卫一世时期的封建主义制度下,贵族阶层开始发展,英语中伯爵(earl)和塞恩(thane)的表达也流传开来。 在贵族阶层之下,是有着小块农场的农场主和数量日益增长的佃农和牧民(牧场租户) ,他们所拥有的土地更为有限。 在这个时代,父系继承和封建制度的结合被视为高地部族制度建立的基础。 苏格兰将法国的运用到自己的社会体系中,并通过英文术语来区分相应的阶层。 农奴制在十四世纪退出历史舞台,工人,手工艺者和商人等兴欣社会群体开始在苏格兰自治市(burghs)中扮演重要的角色。 他们的出现使得城市社会中的紧张局势加剧,但是苏格兰农村社会并没有重大的社会和经济动荡,而同时期的英格兰和法国的农村却相继发生暴动。 (zh)
  • المجتمع الاسكتلندي في العصور الوسطى هو التنظيم الاجتماعي للبلد الذي يعرف اليوم باسم اسكتلندا، في الفترة ما بين رحيل الرومان عن بريطانيا في القرن الخامس، وبدء عصر النهضة في بداية القرن السادس عشر. تعتبر البنية الاجتماعية للمجتمع الاسكتلندي في بدايات العصور الوسطى غامضة إلى حدّ ما، فالمصادر التوثيقية التي تعود إلى هذه الفترة محدودة جدًا. ربما كانت صلة القرابة هي الأساس الذي قام عليه المجتمع الاسكتلندي في العصور الوسطى، وربما كان المجتمع منقسمًا بين ثلاث طبقات، وهي الأرستقراطية الصغيرة، التي كانت أسسها الفكرية مبنية على الحروب، وطبقة واسعة من الرجال الأحرار الذين كان لهم الحق في حمل السلاح وكان لهم تمثيلهم الخاص في القانون، وطبقة كبيرة نسبيًا من العبيد الذين من المحتمل أنهم قد عاشوا على الهامش وكانوا تابعين لأصحابهم. (ar)
  • Scottish society in the Middle Ages is the social organisation of what is now Scotland between the departure of the Romans from Britain in the fifth century and the establishment of the Renaissance in the early sixteenth century. Social structure is obscure in the early part of the period, for which there are few documentary sources. Kinship groups probably provided the primary system of organisation and society was probably divided between a small aristocracy, whose rationale was based around warfare, a wider group of freemen, who had the right to bear arms and were represented in law codes, above a relatively large body of slaves, who may have lived beside and become clients of their owners. (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hilton_of_Cadboll_stone_detail.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NMSMonymuskReliquary2.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The_monastery_chapel,_Eilach_an_Naoimh.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cleric-Knight-Workman.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Scottish_clan_map.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Margaret_Tudor_praying.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Trinity_Altarpiece.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Scotland_grevskap.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tower_of_St._Salvator's_College,_St._Andrews_Fife.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LateMedievalScotsRanks.jpg
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