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Scientific pitch, also known as philosophical pitch, Sauveur pitch or Verdi tuning, is an absolute concert pitch standard which is based on middle C (C4) being set to 256 Hz rather than 261.62 Hz, making it approximately 37.6 cents lower than the common A440 pitch standard. It was first proposed in 1713 by French physicist Joseph Sauveur, promoted briefly by Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi in the 19th century, then advocated by the Schiller Institute beginning in the 1980s with reference to the composer, but naming a pitch slightly lower than Verdi's preferred 432 Hz for A, and making controversial claims regarding the effects of this pitch.

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  • Intonazione scientifica (it)
  • Scientific pitch (en)
  • Наукове налаштування нот (uk)
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  • Scientific pitch, also known as philosophical pitch, Sauveur pitch or Verdi tuning, is an absolute concert pitch standard which is based on middle C (C4) being set to 256 Hz rather than 261.62 Hz, making it approximately 37.6 cents lower than the common A440 pitch standard. It was first proposed in 1713 by French physicist Joseph Sauveur, promoted briefly by Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi in the 19th century, then advocated by the Schiller Institute beginning in the 1980s with reference to the composer, but naming a pitch slightly lower than Verdi's preferred 432 Hz for A, and making controversial claims regarding the effects of this pitch. (en)
  • L'intonazione scientifica è un'intonazione che fissa il do centrale a 256 Hz. Proposta nel 1713 dal fisico francese , non si è mai affermata in pratica nell'accordatura orchestrale ma è talvolta usata per comodità nelle pubblicazioni scientifiche, da cui il nome, in quanto in questo sistema il do ha una frequenza in Hertz espressa da una potenza di due, ovvero da un numero intero, in tutte le ottave. In questo sistema, il la centrale ha una frequenza di 430,54 Hz. (it)
  • Науковий стандарт настроювання музичних інструментів, що також має багато відомих назв: філософський стрій, стрій Совера або стрій Верді — стандарт настроювання музичних інструментів, за яким ноту До першої октави (C4) настроюють на частоту в 256 Гц, а не 261,62 Гц, як це прийнято сьогодні, що є приблизно на 37,6 центів нижчим, ніж у загальноприйнятому стандарті A440. Стандарт запропонував у 1713 французький фізик Жозеф Совер і підтримав італійський композитор Джузеппе Верді в XIX столітті, а згодом став пропагувати , починаючи з 1980-х. (uk)
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  • Scientific pitch, also known as philosophical pitch, Sauveur pitch or Verdi tuning, is an absolute concert pitch standard which is based on middle C (C4) being set to 256 Hz rather than 261.62 Hz, making it approximately 37.6 cents lower than the common A440 pitch standard. It was first proposed in 1713 by French physicist Joseph Sauveur, promoted briefly by Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi in the 19th century, then advocated by the Schiller Institute beginning in the 1980s with reference to the composer, but naming a pitch slightly lower than Verdi's preferred 432 Hz for A, and making controversial claims regarding the effects of this pitch. Scientific pitch is not used by concert orchestras but is still sometimes favored in scientific writings for the convenience of all the octaves of C being an exact round number in the binary system when expressed in hertz (symbol Hz). The octaves of C remain a whole number in Hz all the way down to 1 Hz in both binary and decimal counting systems. Instead of A above middle C (A4) being set to the widely used standard of 440 Hz, scientific pitch assigns it a frequency of 430.54 Hz. Since 256 is a power of 2, only octaves (factor 2:1) and, in just tuning, higher-pitched perfect fifths (factor 3:2) of the scientific pitch standard will have a frequency of a convenient integer value. With a Verdi pitch standard of A4 = 432 Hz = 24 × 33, in just tuning all octaves (factor 2), perfect fourths (factor 4:3) and fifths (factor 3:2) will have pitch frequencies of integer numbers, but not the major thirds (factor 5:4) nor major sixths (factor 5:3) which have a prime factor 5 in their ratios. However scientific tuning implies an equal temperament tuning where the frequency ratio between each half tone in the scale is the same, being the 12th root of 2 (a factor of 1.059463), which is not a rational number: therefore in scientific pitch only the octaves of C have a frequency of a whole number in hertz. (en)
  • L'intonazione scientifica è un'intonazione che fissa il do centrale a 256 Hz. Proposta nel 1713 dal fisico francese , non si è mai affermata in pratica nell'accordatura orchestrale ma è talvolta usata per comodità nelle pubblicazioni scientifiche, da cui il nome, in quanto in questo sistema il do ha una frequenza in Hertz espressa da una potenza di due, ovvero da un numero intero, in tutte le ottave. In questo sistema, il la centrale ha una frequenza di 430,54 Hz. L'adozione dell'intonazione scientifica è stata sostenuta da Giuseppe Verdi, che propose anche diverse alternative, principalmente l'intonazione del la 432 Hz, nota come accordatura verdiana. In realtà a Verdi interessava più che altro l'unificazione dell'accordatura nella penisola, e dava come esempio il modello francese che aveva adottato dappertutto il la a 435 Hz; una commissione italiana aveva invece deciso per la frequenza 432 Hz e lui accettò tale frequenza in quanto la differenza è impercettibile e comunque un "la" a Parigi sarebbe rimasto tale anche in Italia. Teorie pseudoscientifiche sostengono una presunta superiorità dell'accordatura a 432 Hz, ritenuta frequenza "naturale" associata a presunte proprietà paranormali, chiamata accordatura aurea (pur non avendo alcuna relazione con la sezione aurea). (it)
  • Науковий стандарт настроювання музичних інструментів, що також має багато відомих назв: філософський стрій, стрій Совера або стрій Верді — стандарт настроювання музичних інструментів, за яким ноту До першої октави (C4) настроюють на частоту в 256 Гц, а не 261,62 Гц, як це прийнято сьогодні, що є приблизно на 37,6 центів нижчим, ніж у загальноприйнятому стандарті A440. Стандарт запропонував у 1713 французький фізик Жозеф Совер і підтримав італійський композитор Джузеппе Верді в XIX столітті, а згодом став пропагувати , починаючи з 1980-х. «Науковий стрій» не використовується в музичній практиці, але досі згадується в наукових працях завдяки тому, що в усіх октавах ноті «до» відповідає частота звуку, що виражається числом двійкової системи. Нота Ля (A) вище ноти До (C) першої октави (A4) відповідно до загальноприйнятого стандарту налаштовується на 440 Гц, відповідно до наукового строю вона матиме частоту в 430,54 Гц. (uk)
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