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In classical electromagnetism, reciprocity refers to a variety of related theorems involving the interchange of time-harmonic electric current densities (sources) and the resulting electromagnetic fields in Maxwell's equations for time-invariant linear media under certain constraints. Reciprocity is closely related to the concept of symmetric operators from linear algebra, applied to electromagnetism. Reciprocity is useful in optics, which (apart from quantum effects) can be expressed in terms of classical electromagnetism, but also in terms of radiometry.

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  • Principio di reciprocità (elettromagnetismo) (it)
  • Théorème de réciprocité (Électricité) (fr)
  • Reciprocity (electromagnetism) (en)
  • Теорема взаимности (ru)
  • Reciprocitetssatsen (sv)
  • 互易定理 (zh)
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  • Le principe de réciprocité, que l'on retrouve également dans d'autres domaines de la physique, s'exprime dans celui de l'électricité grâce à une relation générale entre les courants et les tensions observés aux interfaces de circuits passifs et linéaires. Ce théorème est une conséquence, en électromagnétisme, du théorème de réciprocité de Lorentz qui permet d'arriver à un résultat similaire par le biais de considérations plus fondamentales. (fr)
  • Il principio di reciprocità nelle antenne, è una conseguenza delle equazioni di Maxwell ed è usato per dimostrare che esiste una relazione di tipo generale tra i parametri che caratterizzano il comportamento direzionale dell'antenna in trasmissione (TX) ed in ricezione (RX).Si ha che: dove è l'area efficace ovvero quel parametro per cui moltiplicare la densità di potenza per ottenere la potenza ricevuta in condizioni di adattamento. la lunghezza d'onda del segnale in trasmissione/ricezione, ovvero velocità della luce diviso frequenza di lavoro. guadagno dell'antenna. (it)
  • Reciprocitetssatsen beskriver sambandet mellan den elektriska flödestätheten och de uppkomna elektromagnetiska fälten i enlighet med Maxwells ekvationer. (sv)
  • 在电磁学中,互易定理是电磁场理论的重要定理。由洛伦兹首先发现了一个定义在闭合曲面上的电磁场公式。后来Rayleigh-Carson又进一步把定理发展称为我们今天看到的形式,定义在一个体积分上。 (zh)
  • In classical electromagnetism, reciprocity refers to a variety of related theorems involving the interchange of time-harmonic electric current densities (sources) and the resulting electromagnetic fields in Maxwell's equations for time-invariant linear media under certain constraints. Reciprocity is closely related to the concept of symmetric operators from linear algebra, applied to electromagnetism. Reciprocity is useful in optics, which (apart from quantum effects) can be expressed in terms of classical electromagnetism, but also in terms of radiometry. (en)
  • Теоре́ма взаи́мности — название множества связанных друг с другом теорем, описывающих взаимное изменение гармонических по времени плотностей электрического тока (источников) и возникающих электромагнитных полей в уравнениях Максвелла для линейной изотропной и негиротропной среды. (ru)
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