In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity. In most cases, quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors. The existence of quantum vortices was first predicted by Lars Onsager in 1949 in connection with superfluid helium. Onsager reasoned that quantisation of vorticity is a direct consequence of the existence of a superfluid order parameter as a spatially continuous wavefunction. Onsager also pointed out that quantum vortices describe the circulation of superfluid and conjectured that their excitations are responsible for superfluid phase transitions. These ideas of Onsager were further developed by Richard Feynman in 1955 and in 1957 were applied to describe the magnetic phase diagram of t
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| - 양자 소용돌이 (ko)
- 量子渦 (ja)
- Quantum vortex (en)
- Квантовый вихрь (ru)
- Квантовий вихор (uk)
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| - 양자 소용돌이는 초유체와 초전도체내에 나타나는 위상수학적 결함이다. 이들 양자 소용돌이의 존재는 리처드 파인만과 알렉세이 알렉세예비치 아브리코소브에 의해 1950년대에 독립적으로 예측되었다. 그들은 후에 이종 초전도체, 액체 헬륨 그리고 원자 기체에서 실험적으로 관측하였다. 초유체에서의 양자 소용돌이는 초전도체에서의 그것과는 다르다. 주요 유사점은 그들이 둘다 위상 수학적인 결함이라는 것이다. 그리고 그들은 모두 양자화되어 있다. 더욱이 각 양자 소용돌이의 구성은 초유체도 초전도체도 아니다. 초유체에서 양자 소용돌이는 각운동량을 운반하며 그리하여 초유체가 회전하게 허여한다. 초전도체에서는 소용돌이가 자기 플럭스를 운반한다. 초유체에서 양자 소용돌이는 소용돌이 주위를 회전하는 초유체를 지닌 구멍이다.소용돌이의 안쪽은 여기된 입자들과 공기, 진공 등을 포함할 수 있다.소용돌이의 두께는 초유체의 회학 성분에 따라 다르며 액체 헬륨내에서 두께는 수 옹스트롬이다. (ko)
- 量子渦（りょうしうず、英: quantum vortex）とは、超流動や超伝導において現れる位相欠陥である。 量子渦の存在は、1940年代後半、超流動ヘリウムに関してラルス・オンサーガーによって初めて予言された。オンサーガーは量子渦の存在が超流動の循環を記述することを指摘し、超流動相転移が渦の励起を引き起こすことを予想した。オンサーガーによるこれらの考えは、1955年にリチャード・P・ファインマンによってさらに拡張され、1957年にはアレクセイ・アブリコソフによって、第二種超伝導体の相転移を説明するため用いられた。 1950年代後半には、が超流動ヘリウム4中に振動するワイヤを張ることで、量子渦を実験的に観測することに成功し、後に、第二種超伝導体や冷却原子気体のボース＝アインシュタイン凝縮においても観測されている。 超流動における量子渦は、循環の量子化に対応し、超伝導における量子渦は、磁束の量子化に対応する。 (ja)
- Квантовий вихор (англ. Quantum Vortex) — топологічний дефект, який проявляється в надплинності та надпровідності. Зазвичай, квантування циркуляції швидкості в надплинних рідинах відрізняється від квантування в надпровідниках. Проте зберігається ключова подібність, що полягає в топологічності дефектів, а також в тому, що вони квантуються. Слід відзначити, що квантовий вихор не є ні надплинною рідиною, ні надпровідною. В надплинності, квантовий вихор «переносить» кутовий момент, що дозволяє надплинній рідині обертатися; а в надпровідниках вихор переносить магнітний потік. (uk)
- Квантовый вихрь (англ. quantum vortex) — топологический дефект, который проявляется в сверхтекучей жидкости и сверхпроводниках. Квантование циркуляции скорости в сверхпроводящих жидкостях отличается[чем?] от квантования в сверхпроводниках, но сохраняется ключевое подобие, которое состоит в топологичности дефектов, а также в том, что они квантуются. На оси квантового вихря отсутствует сверхтекучесть и сверхпроводимость. В сверхтекучей жидкости квантовый вихрь переносит угловой момент, что позволяет ей вращаться; в сверхпроводниках вихрь переносит магнитный поток (см. вихри Абрикосова). (ru)
- In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity. In most cases, quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors. The existence of quantum vortices was first predicted by Lars Onsager in 1949 in connection with superfluid helium. Onsager reasoned that quantisation of vorticity is a direct consequence of the existence of a superfluid order parameter as a spatially continuous wavefunction. Onsager also pointed out that quantum vortices describe the circulation of superfluid and conjectured that their excitations are responsible for superfluid phase transitions. These ideas of Onsager were further developed by Richard Feynman in 1955 and in 1957 were applied to describe the magnetic phase diagram of t (en)
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| - In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity. In most cases, quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and superconductors. The existence of quantum vortices was first predicted by Lars Onsager in 1949 in connection with superfluid helium. Onsager reasoned that quantisation of vorticity is a direct consequence of the existence of a superfluid order parameter as a spatially continuous wavefunction. Onsager also pointed out that quantum vortices describe the circulation of superfluid and conjectured that their excitations are responsible for superfluid phase transitions. These ideas of Onsager were further developed by Richard Feynman in 1955 and in 1957 were applied to describe the magnetic phase diagram of type-II superconductors by Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov. In 1935 Fritz London published a very closely related work on magnetic flux quantization in superconductors. London's fluxoid can also be viewed as a quantum vortex. Quantum vortices are observed experimentally in type-II superconductors (the Abrikosov vortex), liquid helium, and atomic gases (see Bose–Einstein condensate), as well as in photon fields (optical vortex) and exciton-polariton superfluids. In a superfluid, a quantum vortex "carries" quantized orbital angular momentum, thus allowing the superfluid to rotate; in a superconductor, the vortex carries quantized magnetic flux. The term "quantum vortex" is also used in the study of few body problems. Under the De Broglie–Bohm theory, it is possible to derive a "velocity field" from the wave function. In this context, quantum vortices are zeros on the wave function, around which this velocity field has a solenoidal shape, similar to that of irrotational vortex on potential flows of traditional fluid dynamics. (en)
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