Pulingaws are known as shamans for the Taiwanese indigenous peoples of Puyuma and Paiwan, which in general would share the same roles as the Puyuman pulingaw with some distinctions. Pulingaws are, claimed to be, selected by their electing ancestors known as kinitalian, who often turn out to be the pulingaws' ancestors, which happen to also be another form of spiritual entity called birua. Kinitalians can choose whoever they please as the next pulingaw amongst its immediate or extended family members. Although females were often selected to continue the line of shaman-ism, not all pulingaws are female and there were rare instances where males were selected to take up the role. However, the pulingaw's gender issue is still an ongoing debate as certain sources insist that only females become
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| - Pulingaw Puyuma (in)
- Puyuma Pulingaw (en)
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| - Pulingaws are known as shamans for the Taiwanese indigenous peoples of Puyuma and Paiwan, which in general would share the same roles as the Puyuman pulingaw with some distinctions. Pulingaws are, claimed to be, selected by their electing ancestors known as kinitalian, who often turn out to be the pulingaws' ancestors, which happen to also be another form of spiritual entity called birua. Kinitalians can choose whoever they please as the next pulingaw amongst its immediate or extended family members. Although females were often selected to continue the line of shaman-ism, not all pulingaws are female and there were rare instances where males were selected to take up the role. However, the pulingaw's gender issue is still an ongoing debate as certain sources insist that only females become (en)
- Pulingaw dikenal sebagai dukun untuk masyarakat adat Taiwan, dan Paiwan, yang pada umumnya akan memiliki peran yang sama sebagai pulingaw suku Puyuma dengan beberapa perbedaan. Pulingaw diklaim terpilih oleh leluhur mereka yang bertugas memilih, yang disebut kinitalian, yang seringkali ternyata adalah leluhur pulingaw sendiri, yang juga merupakan bentuk entitas rohani yang disebut birua. Kinitalian dapat memilih siapapun yang mereka inginkan sebagai pulingaw selanjutnya di antara anggota keluarganya sendiri atau keluarga samping. Meskipun perempuan yang sering dipilih untuk melanjutkan garis shamanisme, tidak semua pulingaw perempuan, ada kejadian-kejadian langka saat laki-laki yang dipilih untuk mengambil peran itu. Namun, isu gender pulingaw masih merupakan perdebatan karena sumber-sumb (in)
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| - Pulingaws are known as shamans for the Taiwanese indigenous peoples of Puyuma and Paiwan, which in general would share the same roles as the Puyuman pulingaw with some distinctions. Pulingaws are, claimed to be, selected by their electing ancestors known as kinitalian, who often turn out to be the pulingaws' ancestors, which happen to also be another form of spiritual entity called birua. Kinitalians can choose whoever they please as the next pulingaw amongst its immediate or extended family members. Although females were often selected to continue the line of shaman-ism, not all pulingaws are female and there were rare instances where males were selected to take up the role. However, the pulingaw's gender issue is still an ongoing debate as certain sources insist that only females become pulingaws. The pulingaws are considered as therapists, who are responsible for mediating and bringing peace to social and biological disorders. They are also responsible for various rituals that range from hunting ceremonies, exorcisms and funerals. (en)
- Pulingaw dikenal sebagai dukun untuk masyarakat adat Taiwan, dan Paiwan, yang pada umumnya akan memiliki peran yang sama sebagai pulingaw suku Puyuma dengan beberapa perbedaan. Pulingaw diklaim terpilih oleh leluhur mereka yang bertugas memilih, yang disebut kinitalian, yang seringkali ternyata adalah leluhur pulingaw sendiri, yang juga merupakan bentuk entitas rohani yang disebut birua. Kinitalian dapat memilih siapapun yang mereka inginkan sebagai pulingaw selanjutnya di antara anggota keluarganya sendiri atau keluarga samping. Meskipun perempuan yang sering dipilih untuk melanjutkan garis shamanisme, tidak semua pulingaw perempuan, ada kejadian-kejadian langka saat laki-laki yang dipilih untuk mengambil peran itu. Namun, isu gender pulingaw masih merupakan perdebatan karena sumber-sumber tertentu bersikeras hanya perempuan yang menjadi pulingaw. Pulingaw dianggap sebagai dokter, yang bertanggung jawab memediasi dan membawa kedamaian pada kekacauan sosial dan biologis. Mereka juga bertanggung jawab untuk berbagai ritual yang merentang dari upacara perburuan, eksorsisme, hingga upacara pemakaman. (in)
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