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The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and perfect aspect that is used to express a past event that has present consequences. The term is used particularly in the context of English grammar to refer to forms like "I have finished". The forms are present because they use the present tense of the auxiliary verb have, and perfect because they use that auxiliary in combination with the past participle of the main verb. (Other perfect constructions also exist, such as the past perfect: "I had eaten.")

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  • مضارع تام (ar)
  • Παρακείμενος (el)
  • Presente perfecto (es)
  • Passé composé (fr)
  • Passato prossimo (it)
  • 현재완료 (ko)
  • Voltooid tegenwoordige tijd (nl)
  • Present perfect (en)
  • Present perfect (ru)
  • 现在完成时 (zh)
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  • المضارع التام (بالإنجليزية: present perfect) هو مزيج من الزمن المضارع والصيغة التامة يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث في الماضي له أثر على الحاضر. يستخدم اللفظ خصوصا في سياق قواعد اللغة الإجليزية للإشارة إلى أشكال مثل: "I have left." هذه الأشكال هي مضارعة لأنها تستخدم الفعل المساعد "have" وهي تامة لأنها تستخدم ذلك الفعل المساعد مع اسم المفعول للفعل الرئيسي. وهناك أشكال تامة أخرى مثل الماضي التام: "I had eaten before leaving the house." (ar)
  • De voltooid tegenwoordig tijd (v.t.t.) of perfectum is een tijd (tempus) die onder andere het perfectieve aspect uitdrukt. In de Nederlandse grammatica bestaat de voltooid tegenwoordige tijd uit een onderwerp, een hulpwerkwoord in de onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd en een voltooid deelwoord. (nl)
  • Il passato prossimo (più raramente perfetto composto) è una forma verbale che indica eventi, esperienze e fatti conclusi, considerati secondo l'aspetto perfettivo: Es.: Ieri sono andato alla stazione. Questo significa che mentre l'imperfetto indica una situazione, uno stato o comunque un evento durante il suo svolgimento nel passato, il passato prossimo visualizza l'azione come un evento compiuto. (it)
  • 现在完成式是现在时和完成體的语法组合,用于強調造成現時後果或現時狀態的过去所發生的動作。主要用來描述: * 始於過去的動作或狀態,到目前仍持續著 * 在一段時間內做過、但還沒有結束的動作 * 在過去到現在之間的一段不明確的時間內重複發生的動作 * 發生時間並不重要的動作 在現代英語中,用于构成现在完成式的助动词是have(第一人稱、第二人稱)或has(第三人稱)。因此,一个典型的现在完成時的句子由主语、助动词have/has和动词的过去分词组成。例如: * I have done so much in my life.(我一生中已做了許多事) * You have gone to school.(你已上過學了) * He has already arrived in U.S.A.(他已經到了美國) * He has had child after child... (他已經有了一個又一個的孩子) * Lovely tales that we have heard or read...(我們都看過的美好的故事) * I have eaten spaghetti.(我已經吃了意大利麵) (zh)
  • The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and perfect aspect that is used to express a past event that has present consequences. The term is used particularly in the context of English grammar to refer to forms like "I have finished". The forms are present because they use the present tense of the auxiliary verb have, and perfect because they use that auxiliary in combination with the past participle of the main verb. (Other perfect constructions also exist, such as the past perfect: "I had eaten.") (en)
  • En grammaire, le passé composé est, à l'indicatif, une forme verbale temporelle de passé, qui existe dans certaines langues avec des appellations équivalentes exactes du terme français ou diverses autres appellations correspondantes. Les traits de cette forme, communs dans les langues qui la possèdent, sont : elle est formée à l'aide d'un verbe auxiliaire à l'indicatif présent et du verbe à sens lexical au participe ; elle implique l'aspect perfectif (accompli) ; initialement, elle avait la même valeur fondamentale, qui contrastait avec celles d'autres formes verbales de passé. (fr)
  • 현재완료(現在完了, present perfect)는 현재시제(present tense)와 완료상(完了相, perfect aspect)의 문법적 조합으로서, 현재 영향(present consequence)을 가지고 있는 과거 사건(past event)을 표현할 때 사용한다. "I have finished"와 같은 형태를 언급하고자 문법적 맥락에서 특히 현재완료라는 용어를 사용한다. "현재(present)"라는 용어를 사용한 것은 조동사(auxiliary verb)로서 "have"라는 현재시제형 동사를 사용하기 때문이다. "완료(perfect)"라는 용어를 사용한 것은 주요동사(main verb)의 과거분사(past participle)를 조합하여 조동사를 사용하기 때문이다. 다른 완료 구조도 존재한다. 예를 들어 과거완료(past perfect)가 있다. "I had eaten."과도 같다. (ko)
  • Present perfect (с англ. — «настоящее совершённое») в английском языке — одна из модальностей грамматической категории времени, представляет собой комбинацию настоящего времени и совершённого аспекта, что по мнению некоторых лингвистов используется для выражения прошлого события, которое имеет последствия в настоящем. Этот термин в основном используется в грамматике английского языка для описания таких конструкций, например, как «I have eaten» (перевод с английского: «Я поела.»). (ru)
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  • المضارع التام (بالإنجليزية: present perfect) هو مزيج من الزمن المضارع والصيغة التامة يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث في الماضي له أثر على الحاضر. يستخدم اللفظ خصوصا في سياق قواعد اللغة الإجليزية للإشارة إلى أشكال مثل: "I have left." هذه الأشكال هي مضارعة لأنها تستخدم الفعل المساعد "have" وهي تامة لأنها تستخدم ذلك الفعل المساعد مع اسم المفعول للفعل الرئيسي. وهناك أشكال تامة أخرى مثل الماضي التام: "I had eaten before leaving the house." (ar)
  • The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and perfect aspect that is used to express a past event that has present consequences. The term is used particularly in the context of English grammar to refer to forms like "I have finished". The forms are present because they use the present tense of the auxiliary verb have, and perfect because they use that auxiliary in combination with the past participle of the main verb. (Other perfect constructions also exist, such as the past perfect: "I had eaten.") Analogous forms are found in some other languages, and they may also be described as present perfect; they often have other names such as the German Perfekt, the French passé composé and the Italian passato prossimo. They may also have different ranges of usage: in all three of the languages just mentioned, the forms in question serve as a general past tense, at least for completed actions. In English, completed actions in many contexts are referred to using the simple past verb form rather than the present perfect. English also has a present perfect continuous (or present perfect progressive) form, which combines present tense with both perfect aspect and continuous (progressive) aspect: "I have been eating". The action is not necessarily complete; and the same is true of certain uses of the basic present perfect when the verb expresses a state or a habitual action: "I have lived here for five years." (en)
  • En grammaire, le passé composé est, à l'indicatif, une forme verbale temporelle de passé, qui existe dans certaines langues avec des appellations équivalentes exactes du terme français ou diverses autres appellations correspondantes. Les traits de cette forme, communs dans les langues qui la possèdent, sont : elle est formée à l'aide d'un verbe auxiliaire à l'indicatif présent et du verbe à sens lexical au participe ; elle implique l'aspect perfectif (accompli) ; initialement, elle avait la même valeur fondamentale, qui contrastait avec celles d'autres formes verbales de passé. La valeur initiale du passé composé s'est conservée dans une mesure plus ou moins grande dans certaines langues modernes. C'est celle d'exprimer un procès achevé par rapport au moment de la parole, mais qui a des rapports avec le présent, des conséquences au moment de la parole, ce qui ressort du contexte de la phrase, du discours ou du contexte situationnel. Par exemple, en français, lorsqu'on dit Pierre a bien mangé, on sous-entend qu'au moment de la parole, le sujet se trouve dans l'état de quelqu'un qui a mangé. Cette valeur initiale s'oppose dans certaines langues à celles d'autres formes de passé. Au plus-que-parfait, il s'oppose par le fait que celui-ci exprime un procès passé et terminé avant un autre procès passé. L'imparfait, en contraste avec le passé composé, indique l'aspect imperfectif (non accompli) du procès. Le passé simple diffère du passé composé par le caractère accompli du procès dans le passé, sans contact avec le présent en lui-même, ou par ses conséquences. (fr)
  • 현재완료(現在完了, present perfect)는 현재시제(present tense)와 완료상(完了相, perfect aspect)의 문법적 조합으로서, 현재 영향(present consequence)을 가지고 있는 과거 사건(past event)을 표현할 때 사용한다. "I have finished"와 같은 형태를 언급하고자 문법적 맥락에서 특히 현재완료라는 용어를 사용한다. "현재(present)"라는 용어를 사용한 것은 조동사(auxiliary verb)로서 "have"라는 현재시제형 동사를 사용하기 때문이다. "완료(perfect)"라는 용어를 사용한 것은 주요동사(main verb)의 과거분사(past participle)를 조합하여 조동사를 사용하기 때문이다. 다른 완료 구조도 존재한다. 예를 들어 과거완료(past perfect)가 있다. "I had eaten."과도 같다. 영어 이외에 다른 언어에서도 비슷한 구조가 존재하며, 마찬가지로 "현재완료"라는 용어를 사용한다. 독일어에서는 "Perfekt", 프랑스어에서는 "passé composé", 이탈리아어에서는 "passato prossimo"라고 한다. 또한 현재완료는 다른 활용도 있다. 독일어, 프랑스어, 이탈리아어에서는 현재완료 의문형은 최소한 완료된 동작(completed action)에서는 일반적인 과거시제(past tense)로 사용된다. 반면 영어에서는, 여러 맥락에서 사용되는 완료된 동작의 경우, 현재완료보다는 (simple past) 동사형을 사용한다. 또한 영어는 (present perfect continuous form) 혹은 현재완료 진행형(present perfect progressive form)이 있다. 이는 현재시제(present tense)에 완료상(perfect aspect)과 지속상(continuous aspect) 혹은 진행상(progressive aspect)을 조합시킨 것이다. 예를 들어 "I have been eating"과 같다. 동작은 반드시 완료될 필요는 없다. 동사가 상태(state)나 관습적 행동(habitual action)을 표현할 때에도, 기본적 현재완료의 특정 활용이 맞다. (예 : I have lived here for five years.) (ko)
  • De voltooid tegenwoordig tijd (v.t.t.) of perfectum is een tijd (tempus) die onder andere het perfectieve aspect uitdrukt. In de Nederlandse grammatica bestaat de voltooid tegenwoordige tijd uit een onderwerp, een hulpwerkwoord in de onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd en een voltooid deelwoord. (nl)
  • Il passato prossimo (più raramente perfetto composto) è una forma verbale che indica eventi, esperienze e fatti conclusi, considerati secondo l'aspetto perfettivo: Es.: Ieri sono andato alla stazione. Questo significa che mentre l'imperfetto indica una situazione, uno stato o comunque un evento durante il suo svolgimento nel passato, il passato prossimo visualizza l'azione come un evento compiuto. (it)
  • 现在完成式是现在时和完成體的语法组合,用于強調造成現時後果或現時狀態的过去所發生的動作。主要用來描述: * 始於過去的動作或狀態,到目前仍持續著 * 在一段時間內做過、但還沒有結束的動作 * 在過去到現在之間的一段不明確的時間內重複發生的動作 * 發生時間並不重要的動作 在現代英語中,用于构成现在完成式的助动词是have(第一人稱、第二人稱)或has(第三人稱)。因此,一个典型的现在完成時的句子由主语、助动词have/has和动词的过去分词组成。例如: * I have done so much in my life.(我一生中已做了許多事) * You have gone to school.(你已上過學了) * He has already arrived in U.S.A.(他已經到了美國) * He has had child after child... (他已經有了一個又一個的孩子) * Lovely tales that we have heard or read...(我們都看過的美好的故事) * I have eaten spaghetti.(我已經吃了意大利麵) (zh)
  • Present perfect (с англ. — «настоящее совершённое») в английском языке — одна из модальностей грамматической категории времени, представляет собой комбинацию настоящего времени и совершённого аспекта, что по мнению некоторых лингвистов используется для выражения прошлого события, которое имеет последствия в настоящем. Этот термин в основном используется в грамматике английского языка для описания таких конструкций, например, как «I have eaten» (перевод с английского: «Я поела.»). Использование самого термина present perfect (настоящее совершённое) объясняется тем, что вспомогательный глагол have во фразе «I have eaten» стоит в настоящем времени (present tense), а основной глагол-сказуемое eaten уже используется в прошедшем (past participle, причастие прошедшего времени), что заставляет рассматривать глагол eaten как описывающий завершённое то есть уже совершённое действие. (ru)
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