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Penal substitution (sometimes, esp. in older writings, called forensic theory) is a theory of the atonement within Christian theology, which declares that Christ, voluntarily submitting to God the Father's plan, was punished (penalized) in the place of sinners (substitution), thus satisfying the demands of justice so God can justly forgive sins making us at one with God (atonement). It began with Luther and continued to develop with the Calvinist tradition as a specific understanding of substitutionary atonement, where the substitutionary nature of Jesus' death is understood in the sense of a substitutionary fulfilment of legal demands for the offenses of sins.

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  • Sostituzione penale (it)
  • Substitution pénale (fr)
  • 형벌 대속 (ko)
  • Penal substitution (en)
  • Expiação (visão de substituição penal) (pt)
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  • Penal substitution (sometimes, esp. in older writings, called forensic theory) is a theory of the atonement within Christian theology, which declares that Christ, voluntarily submitting to God the Father's plan, was punished (penalized) in the place of sinners (substitution), thus satisfying the demands of justice so God can justly forgive sins making us at one with God (atonement). It began with Luther and continued to develop with the Calvinist tradition as a specific understanding of substitutionary atonement, where the substitutionary nature of Jesus' death is understood in the sense of a substitutionary fulfilment of legal demands for the offenses of sins. (en)
  • Dans la théologie chrétienne, la substitution pénale est une théorie de l'expiation. Cette doctrine s'est notamment développée au sein de la tradition réformée. Elle explique que le Christ, en choisissant de se sacrifier, a été puni (d'où le terme « pénale ») à la place des pécheurs (substitution), satisfaisant ainsi les exigences de justice, de telle façon que Dieu peut pardonner les péchés. Elle constitue ainsi une conception spécifique de la , dans laquelle la nature substitutive de la mort de Jésus est interprétée comme une punition substitutive. (fr)
  • 형벌 대속 (Penal Substitution)이란 기독교 신학에서 속죄에 대한 다양한 이론들 중의 하나이다. 이것은 그리스도가 죄인을 대신해서 죄인의 자리에서 형벌을 받아 하나님의 공의의 요구를 만족시킴으로 하나님께서 죄인들이 가진 죄를 용서할 수 있도록 가능케 했다는 이론이다. 칼빈주의 전통에서 주로 사용되었다. 이 이론은 복음주의에서 가장 많이 받아들여지는 속죄 교리이다. (ko)
  • Nella teologia cristiana, la sostituzione penale è una teoria dell'espiazione. Questa dottrina si sviluppò in particolare all'interno della tradizione riformata. Spiega che Cristo, scegliendo di sacrificare se stesso, è stato punito (da cui il termine "penale") al posto (sostituzione) dei peccatori, soddisfacendo così le esigenze della giustizia, affinché Dio possa perdonare i peccati. Costituisce quindi una concezione specifica della teoria della sostituzione, in cui la natura sostitutiva della morte di Gesù viene interpretata come una punizione sostitutiva. (it)
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