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In economics the Pareto index, named after the Italian economist and sociologist Vilfredo Pareto, is a measure of the breadth of income or wealth distribution. It is one of the parameters specifying a Pareto distribution and embodies the Pareto principle. As applied to income, the Pareto principle is sometimes stated in popular expositions by saying 20% of the population has 80% of the income. In fact, Pareto's data on British income taxes in his Cours d'économie politique indicates that about 20% of the population had about 80% of the income. If , this simplifies to so X:1 yields

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  • Índice de Pareto (es)
  • Indice de Pareto (fr)
  • Pareto index (en)
  • 帕累托指数 (zh)
rdfs:comment
  • Nommé en l'honneur de l'économiste et sociologue italien Vilfredo Pareto, l'indice de Pareto est historiquement en économie une mesure de la distribution des revenus au sein d'une population. D'une manière plus générale et plus formelle, c'est un des paramètres de la loi de Pareto. (fr)
  • 帕累托指数得名于意大利经济学家和社会学家帕累托。在经济学中,它测量了收入或财富分布的宽度,是帕累托分布的一个参数,反映了帕累托法则(20/80法则)。当应用于收入分布时,帕累托法则有时被通俗地表述为:20%的人占有80%的收入。事实上,帕累托在其《政治经济学教程》一书中列举的英国收入税数据表明,大约20%的人口拥有大约80%的收入。 在用于收入分配模型时,对帕累托分布的一种最简单的表示是,收入x超过某一正数xm(x>xm)的人口比例为: 其中,xm是这一正数,即这一概率分布的积分下界(m表示minimum)。帕累托指数就是参数α。由于人口比例必须介于0与1之间(包括0和1),参数α必须大于1。帕累托指数越大,极高收入人群的比例就越小。(当α=log(5)/log(4)≈1.16时,80/20定律严格成立;如果α=log(0.3)/log(3/7)≈1.42,则70/30定律成立。) 在数学上,上述公式要求所有收入至少达到正数的下界xm。在这一收入上,概率密度突然从0跃升,然后开始下降。这明显是不符合现实的。因此,经济学家有时认为帕累托法则只适用于收入分布中表示较高收入的尾部。 (zh)
  • En economía, el índice de Pareto, nombrado en honor del economista y sociólogo italiano Vilfredo Pareto, es una medida de la amplitud de la distribución de los ingresos. Es uno de los parámetros que especifican la distribución Pareto e incorpora el principio de Pareto, que consistía en la observación de que el 20 por ciento de los miembros de la sociedad italiana poseían el 80 por ciento de la riqueza. Dado , con , el índice de Pareto se da por: Si , esto se simplifica en Alternativamente, en términos de razones, X:Y así X:1 queda (es)
  • In economics the Pareto index, named after the Italian economist and sociologist Vilfredo Pareto, is a measure of the breadth of income or wealth distribution. It is one of the parameters specifying a Pareto distribution and embodies the Pareto principle. As applied to income, the Pareto principle is sometimes stated in popular expositions by saying 20% of the population has 80% of the income. In fact, Pareto's data on British income taxes in his Cours d'économie politique indicates that about 20% of the population had about 80% of the income. If , this simplifies to so X:1 yields (en)
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  • En economía, el índice de Pareto, nombrado en honor del economista y sociólogo italiano Vilfredo Pareto, es una medida de la amplitud de la distribución de los ingresos. Es uno de los parámetros que especifican la distribución Pareto e incorpora el principio de Pareto, que consistía en la observación de que el 20 por ciento de los miembros de la sociedad italiana poseían el 80 por ciento de la riqueza. Una de las caracterizaciones más simples de la distribución de Pareto, cuando se usa para modelar la , dice que la proporción de la población cuya riqueza excede cualquier número positivo x > xm es: donde xm es la riqueza de la gente más pobre (el subíndice m significa mínimo). El índice de Pareto es el parámetro α. Cuanto más grande sea el índice de Pareto, más pequeña será la proporción de gente muy rica. Dado , con , el índice de Pareto se da por: Si , esto se simplifica en Alternativamente, en términos de razones, X:Y así X:1 queda Por ejemplo, la regla 80-20 (4:1) se corresponde con α = log(5)/log(4) ≈ 1.16, 90–10 (9:1) se corresponde con α = log(10)/log(9) ≈ 1.05, y 99–1 se corresponde con α = log(100)/log(99) ≈ 1.002, mientras que al regla 70–30 se corresponde con α = log(0.3)/log(0.3/0.7) ≈ 1.42 y la 2:1 (67–33) se corresponde con α = log(3)/log(2) ≈ 1.585. (es)
  • In economics the Pareto index, named after the Italian economist and sociologist Vilfredo Pareto, is a measure of the breadth of income or wealth distribution. It is one of the parameters specifying a Pareto distribution and embodies the Pareto principle. As applied to income, the Pareto principle is sometimes stated in popular expositions by saying 20% of the population has 80% of the income. In fact, Pareto's data on British income taxes in his Cours d'économie politique indicates that about 20% of the population had about 80% of the income. One of the simplest characterizations of the Pareto distribution, when used to model the distribution of incomes, says that the proportion of the population whose income exceeds any positive number x > xm is where xm is a positive number, the minimum of the support of this probability distribution (the subscript m stands for minimum). The Pareto index is the parameter α. Since a proportion must be between 0 and 1, inclusive, the index α must be positive, but in order for the total income of the whole population to be finite, α must also be greater than 1. The larger the Pareto index, the smaller the proportion of very high-income people. Given a rule, with , the Pareto index is given by: If , this simplifies to Alternatively, in terms of odds, X:Y so X:1 yields For example, the 80–20 (4:1) rule corresponds to α = log(5)/log(4) ≈ 1.16, 90–10 (9:1) corresponds to α = log(10)/log(9) ≈ 1.05, and 99–1 corresponds to α = log(100)/log(99) ≈ 1.002, whereas the 70–30 rule corresponds to α = log(0.3)/log(0.3/0.7) ≈ 1.42 and 2:1 (67–33) corresponds to α = log(3)/log(2) ≈ 1.585. Mathematically, the formula above entails that all incomes are at least the lower bound xm, which is positive. At this income the probability density suddenly jumps up from zero and then starts decreasing, which is clearly unrealistic. Economists therefore sometimes state that the Pareto law as stated here applies only to the upper tail of the distribution. (en)
  • Nommé en l'honneur de l'économiste et sociologue italien Vilfredo Pareto, l'indice de Pareto est historiquement en économie une mesure de la distribution des revenus au sein d'une population. D'une manière plus générale et plus formelle, c'est un des paramètres de la loi de Pareto. (fr)
  • 帕累托指数得名于意大利经济学家和社会学家帕累托。在经济学中,它测量了收入或财富分布的宽度,是帕累托分布的一个参数,反映了帕累托法则(20/80法则)。当应用于收入分布时,帕累托法则有时被通俗地表述为:20%的人占有80%的收入。事实上,帕累托在其《政治经济学教程》一书中列举的英国收入税数据表明,大约20%的人口拥有大约80%的收入。 在用于收入分配模型时,对帕累托分布的一种最简单的表示是,收入x超过某一正数xm(x>xm)的人口比例为: 其中,xm是这一正数,即这一概率分布的积分下界(m表示minimum)。帕累托指数就是参数α。由于人口比例必须介于0与1之间(包括0和1),参数α必须大于1。帕累托指数越大,极高收入人群的比例就越小。(当α=log(5)/log(4)≈1.16时,80/20定律严格成立;如果α=log(0.3)/log(3/7)≈1.42,则70/30定律成立。) 在数学上,上述公式要求所有收入至少达到正数的下界xm。在这一收入上,概率密度突然从0跃升,然后开始下降。这明显是不符合现实的。因此,经济学家有时认为帕累托法则只适用于收入分布中表示较高收入的尾部。 (zh)
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