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A Los Angeles Police Department C.R.A.S.H. initiative that began in April 1987, Operation Hammer was a large scale attempt to crack down on gang violence in Los Angeles, California. After a group of people at a birthday party were shot down on their front lawn in a drive-by shooting, Chief of Police Daryl F. Gates responded with a roundup of gang members. At the height of this operation in April 1988, 1,453 people were arrested by one thousand police officers in South Central Los Angeles (now South Los Angeles) in a single weekend.

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  • Operazione Hammer (1987) (it)
  • Operation Hammer (1987) (en)
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  • A Los Angeles Police Department C.R.A.S.H. initiative that began in April 1987, Operation Hammer was a large scale attempt to crack down on gang violence in Los Angeles, California. After a group of people at a birthday party were shot down on their front lawn in a drive-by shooting, Chief of Police Daryl F. Gates responded with a roundup of gang members. At the height of this operation in April 1988, 1,453 people were arrested by one thousand police officers in South Central Los Angeles (now South Los Angeles) in a single weekend. (en)
  • L'operazione Hammer è il nome con cui venne indicata l'iniziativa su larga scala da parte della Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums per la repressione e la lotta alla violenza delle bande di strada che affliggevano Los Angeles negli anni '80 e '90. L'operazione iniziò nell'aprile 1987 e durò fino al 1990. Nel 2001, il poliziotto Todd Parrick parlò del significato che ebbe l'operazione : (it)
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  • A Los Angeles Police Department C.R.A.S.H. initiative that began in April 1987, Operation Hammer was a large scale attempt to crack down on gang violence in Los Angeles, California. After a group of people at a birthday party were shot down on their front lawn in a drive-by shooting, Chief of Police Daryl F. Gates responded with a roundup of gang members. At the height of this operation in April 1988, 1,453 people were arrested by one thousand police officers in South Central Los Angeles (now South Los Angeles) in a single weekend. The origin of Operation Hammer can be traced back to the 1984 Olympic Games held in Los Angeles. Under the supervision of Gates the LAPD expanded gang sweeps for the duration of the Olympics, which were implemented across wide areas of the city but especially South Central and East Los Angeles. After the games were over, old anti-syndicalist laws began to be revived to maintain the security policy instigated by the Olympic games, and mass arrests of black and Hispanic youth become more common, even though the overwhelming numbers of people arrested were never charged. Citizen complaints against police brutality increased 33 percent in the period 1984 to 1989. According to the LA Times, August 1, 1988 featured a large-scale raid by 88 LAPD officers on "two apartment buildings on the corner of 39th Street and Dalton Avenue ... It was an all-out search for drugs and a massive show of force designed to deliver a strong message to the gangs." Police caused massive property damage (including smashed furniture, holes punched in walls, and destruction of family photos) and sprayed graffiti messages such as "LAPD Rules" and "Rollin' 30s Die." In addition, "Dozens of residents from the apartments and surrounding neighborhood were rounded up. Many were humiliated or beaten, but none was charged with a crime. The raid netted fewer than six ounces of marijuana and less than an ounce of cocaine." In 2001, Officer Todd Parrick said in retrospect, "We weren't just searching for drugs. We were delivering a message that there was a price to pay for selling drugs and being a gang member." By 1990 over 50,000 people had been arrested in raids. During this period, the LAPD arrested more young black men and women at any period of time since the Watts riots of 1965. Despite the large number of arrests, in April 1988, there were only 60 felony arrests, and charges were only filed in 32 instances. Disputing that figure, Chief Gates claimed that charges were filed on 70% of the suspects arrested. Critics have alleged that the operation was racist because it heavily employed racial profiling, targeting African-American and Hispanic youths. The perception that police had targeted non-Caucasian citizens likely contributed to the anger which, after the assault of motorist Rodney King, would erupt into the 1992 Los Angeles riots. Chief Gates was asked in a 2001 PBS interview whether the local people in the minority areas expressed thanks to the police: Sure. The good people did all the time. But the community activists? No. Absolutely not. We were out there 'oppressing' whatever the community had to be, whether it was blacks, or Hispanics. We were 'oppressing' them. Nonsense. We're out there trying to save their communities, trying to upgrade the quality of life of people ... (en)
  • L'operazione Hammer è il nome con cui venne indicata l'iniziativa su larga scala da parte della Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums per la repressione e la lotta alla violenza delle bande di strada che affliggevano Los Angeles negli anni '80 e '90. L'operazione iniziò nell'aprile 1987 e durò fino al 1990. Il progetto iniziò dopo che un gruppo di giovani a una festa fu sparato da una macchina in corsa. Era solo uno dei tanti casi di agguati ed eventi delittuosi che si verificavano a Los Angeles da quando le bande più importanti ed influenti iniziarono a contendersi il territorio attraverso violente faide e stragi. Stufo della violenza sempre più dilagante, , capo del Los Angeles Police Department, decise di rispondere alla ferocia delle bande con incursioni nei principali luoghi di ritrovo dei banditi, maxiblitz e aumento del contingente delle forze di polizia in strada per contrastare nel modo più efficace possibile spargimenti di sangue sia tra le bande in guerra tra loro che tra innocenti vittime quotidiane di estorsioni, rapine e pestaggi. A un esatto di distanza, nell'aprile 1988, migliaia di agenti erano di pattuglia e sorveglianza a South Central Los Angeles (oggi South Los Angeles) e l'operazione aveva portato all'arresto di 1.453 nel solo fine settimana del mese. Nonostante il gran numero di arresti, i fermi per fellonia erano solo una sessantina e in 32 casi non furono versate le tasse ordinarie. Nel contestare le cifre dei contributi mancanti, il capo Gates dichiarò che il 70% degli arrestati versò regolarmente le tasse. L'agosto del 1988 fu caratterizzato da vasti blitz antidroga per tentare di indebolire fortemente il traffico di stupefacenti. Due edifici tra la 39esima strada e Dalton Avenue furono circondati e messi sotto da assedio da centinaia di poliziotti. Il messaggio che volevano dare gli agenti, pur trovando nella dimora dei trafficanti solo 6 grammi di marijuana e 1 grammo di cocaina, era la presenza forte delle autorità e la ricerca senza tregua e la cattura di spacciatori e membri di bande.Durante l'assedio, la polizia causò ingenti danni agli immobili degli edifici tra perquisizioni, blitz, sparatorie ed inseguimenti e alcuni ordinarono la scrittura di graffiti come "LAPD Rules" e 30s Rollin 'Die". Diversi residenti protestarono per le violenze sia fisiche che verbali che sarebbero state perpetrate dagli agenti nei loro confronti, ma nessuno sporse causa in tribunale per i crimini dichiarati in precedenza. Nel 1990 erano state arrestate circa 50.000 persone nell'ambito dell'operazione. Incredibilmente la polizia arrestò più afroamericani nel corso di quel periodo che durante i fatti di Watts e questo contribuì alla nascita di diverse polemiche circa la scelta di usare il profilo razziale per le operazioni (vedi sotto). Nel 2001, il poliziotto Todd Parrick parlò del significato che ebbe l'operazione : (it)
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