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Mummia, mumia, or originally mummy referred to several different preparations in the history of medicine, from "mineral pitch" to "powdered human mummies". It originated from Arabic mūmiyā "a type of resinous bitumen found in Western Asia and used curatively" in traditional Islamic medicine, which was translated as pissasphaltus (from "pitch" and "asphalt") in ancient Greek medicine. In medieval European medicine, mūmiyā "bitumen" was transliterated into Latin as mumia meaning both "a bituminous medicine from Persia" and "mummy". Merchants in apothecaries dispensed expensive mummia bitumen, which was thought to be an effective cure-all for many ailments. It was also used as an aphrodisiac. Beginning around the 12th century when supplies of imported natural bitumen ran short, mummia was mis

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  • موميا (ar)
  • Mumia (de)
  • Mumia (es)
  • Mummia (en)
  • Pulver mumiae (pl)
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  • موميا هي مادة تستخدم كدواء في أوروبا حتى عشرينيات القرن الماضي. كانت تتألف من مومياوات مصرية مطحونة. وتم توزيعها أيضًا من قبل شركات الأدوية المعروفة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم استخدامها أيضًا كصبغة بنية جميلة (مومياء بنية). لم يعد استخدام الموميا مقبولاً اليوم لأسباب أخلاقية. (ar)
  • Mumia es un término que se usó en la medicina antigua para referirse a cuestiones muy diversas. Se aplicó a la carne muscular descompuesta por la putrefacción, a una sustancia que se suponía producida en el cuerpo en el momento de la muerte y a la materia exudada de los cadáveres embalsamados y que aparece en la cavidad de los sepulcros. La carne descompuesta y en particular la de los ajusticiados (mumis patibuli) se creía que gozaba de propiedades curativas maravillosas. (es)
  • Pulver mumiae (z łac. "proszek z mumii") – pochodzące z czasów Starożytnego Egiptu lekarstwo, stosowane i aplikowane uniwersalnie, tj. w przypadku rozmaitych schorzeń. Powstawało ono z rozdrobnionych na proszek mumifikowanych ciał ludzkich. Pulver mumiae sprzedawano i stosowano jedynie poza Egiptem, gdyż w kraju tym mumie należały do sfery sacrum, były nietykalne i w zamyśle społeczeństwa miały przetrwać wiecznie. Lekarstwo to pojawiało się w europejskich aptekach jeszcze w XIX wieku. (pl)
  • Mumia (lateinisch; auch Pulvis mumiae, Mumiya, Mumienpulver) ist eine bis in die 1920er Jahre hinein als Heilmittel verwendete Substanz. Sie bestand aus zermahlenen ägyptischen Mumien. Die Substanz war auch unter der Bezeichnung Mumia vera aegyptiaca im Handel und wurde auch von bekannten pharmazeutischen Unternehmen vertrieben. Daneben fand sie auch als farbschönes Braun-Pigment (Mumienbraun) Verwendung. Die Verwendung von Mumia wird heute aus ethischen Gründen nicht mehr akzeptiert. Mumia darf nicht verwechselt werden mit Mumijo, einem althergebrachten asphalthaltigen Naturprodukt, das in der zentralasiatischen Volksmedizin als Heil- und Stärkungsmittel verwendet wird. (de)
  • Mummia, mumia, or originally mummy referred to several different preparations in the history of medicine, from "mineral pitch" to "powdered human mummies". It originated from Arabic mūmiyā "a type of resinous bitumen found in Western Asia and used curatively" in traditional Islamic medicine, which was translated as pissasphaltus (from "pitch" and "asphalt") in ancient Greek medicine. In medieval European medicine, mūmiyā "bitumen" was transliterated into Latin as mumia meaning both "a bituminous medicine from Persia" and "mummy". Merchants in apothecaries dispensed expensive mummia bitumen, which was thought to be an effective cure-all for many ailments. It was also used as an aphrodisiac. Beginning around the 12th century when supplies of imported natural bitumen ran short, mummia was mis (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bitumen.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Albarello_MUMIA_18Jh.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Félix_Bonfils_-_Mumienhändler.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mumiae,_Museum_für_Hamburgische_Geschichte_IMG_1886_edit.jpg
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