Lapis Lacedaemonius (Latin: stone from Lacedaemon), also known as Spartan basalt, is a form of andesite or volcanic rock known today only from a single source in the village of Krokees on the Peloponnese in Greece. In addition, ancient sources mention a quarry of lapis Lacedaemonius in Taygetus. The stone has a dark green colour, speckled with elements shifting from yellow to light green. Occasionally, the speckles have crystallised in a way that creates rosette-like patterns. It is rated as having a hardness of six or higher on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. It appears in comparatively small blocks. It is known in Italian as porfido verde antico and in German as Krokeischer Stein.
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| - Krokeischer Stein (de)
- Porfido verde antico (it)
- Lapis Lacedaemonius (en)
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| - Krokeischer Stein oder lapis Lacedaimonius und auch Porfido verde antico (weitere Namen sind lapis Croceus, lapis Taygetas, lapis Spartanus oder porfido serpentino verde) ist ein Vulkangestein, das bei Krokeai in Lakonien gebrochen wurde. (de)
- Lapis Lacedaemonius (Latin: stone from Lacedaemon), also known as Spartan basalt, is a form of andesite or volcanic rock known today only from a single source in the village of Krokees on the Peloponnese in Greece. In addition, ancient sources mention a quarry of lapis Lacedaemonius in Taygetus. The stone has a dark green colour, speckled with elements shifting from yellow to light green. Occasionally, the speckles have crystallised in a way that creates rosette-like patterns. It is rated as having a hardness of six or higher on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. It appears in comparatively small blocks. It is known in Italian as porfido verde antico and in German as Krokeischer Stein. (en)
- Il cosiddetto porfido verde antico (anche serpentino o porfido verde di Grecia) è una varietà di marmo (pietra lucidabile) utilizzata dai Romani. Non va confuso con il , scavato sempre in Grecia ma più a nord rispetto al Peloponneso. Il nome moderno corrisponde in latino al "lapis lacedaemonius (ossia "pietra lacedemone"). Le cave si trovavano nel Peloponneso, presso l'odierno villaggio di Krokees, cioè l'antica Krokea, sulla strada tra Sparta e e sono state descritte da Pausania Dal punto di vista petrografico è un andesite diabasica. (it)
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| - Krokeischer Stein oder lapis Lacedaimonius und auch Porfido verde antico (weitere Namen sind lapis Croceus, lapis Taygetas, lapis Spartanus oder porfido serpentino verde) ist ein Vulkangestein, das bei Krokeai in Lakonien gebrochen wurde. (de)
- Lapis Lacedaemonius (Latin: stone from Lacedaemon), also known as Spartan basalt, is a form of andesite or volcanic rock known today only from a single source in the village of Krokees on the Peloponnese in Greece. In addition, ancient sources mention a quarry of lapis Lacedaemonius in Taygetus. The stone has a dark green colour, speckled with elements shifting from yellow to light green. Occasionally, the speckles have crystallised in a way that creates rosette-like patterns. It is rated as having a hardness of six or higher on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. It appears in comparatively small blocks. It is known in Italian as porfido verde antico and in German as Krokeischer Stein. The stone is known to have been processed by Neanderthals. In slightly more recent times, lapis Lacedaemonius has been used for making Minoan sealstones and vases, both Minoan and Mycenean. It also was used as an element in decorative elements created with opus sectile technique (with examples known from Ostia Antica and Nemi) during Roman times, as well as in several churches in Rome (e.g. Santa Prassede) and in the pavement of St. Peter's Square. Its use is mentioned by Pausanias. During the Middle Ages it was employed in mosaics in e.g. Palermo, Constantinople, and Santiago de Compostela. Furthermore, Roman and Byzantine decorative stones frequently were reused up until the eighteenth century. For example, in St. Mark's Basilica, Venice and also as far away from the Mediterranean Sea as in Westminster Abbey, London. The stone from Krokees comes from a lava dome approximately 230 million years old. Its light spots are plagioclase, which over time has turned into albite and epidote. In places, iron minerals have oxidized into hematite, giving it a reddish tone. Geologically similar rock, equally exploited during antiquity, may be found on Samothrace. (en)
- Il cosiddetto porfido verde antico (anche serpentino o porfido verde di Grecia) è una varietà di marmo (pietra lucidabile) utilizzata dai Romani. Non va confuso con il , scavato sempre in Grecia ma più a nord rispetto al Peloponneso. Il nome moderno corrisponde in latino al "lapis lacedaemonius (ossia "pietra lacedemone"). Le cave si trovavano nel Peloponneso, presso l'odierno villaggio di Krokees, cioè l'antica Krokea, sulla strada tra Sparta e e sono state descritte da Pausania Si tratta di una pietra a fondo verde scuro con cristalli di plagioclasio rettangolari allungati di dimensioni variabili e associati tra loro, che possono variare dal verde chiaro al verde scuro o al verde giallastro. Alcune varietà presentano cristalli piccoli e isolati ("porfido Vitelli") o ugualmente piccoli e di colore biancastro ("porfido risato"). Possono essere presenti amigdale di calcedonio di colore azzurro chiaro o rossastro ("porfido agatato"). In alcuni casi, a volte in seguito all'effetto del fuoco, il fondo assume colore violaceo. Dal punto di vista petrografico è un andesite diabasica. Impiegato in epoca minoico-micenea (soprattutto per vasi rituali a forma di rithon), fu riscoperto dai Romani alla metà del I secolo a.C. e più ampiamente utilizzato a partire dall'età augustea. In epoca flavia le cave divennero di proprietà imperiale. L'uso continuò fino ad epoca bizantina. Se ne ricavarono prevalentemente manufatti di piccole dimensioni, per lo più lastre di rivestimento parietale e pavimentale, a causa del fatto che i blocchi non si trovano in dimensioni maggiori di circa 1 m. È citato il suo prezzo piuttosto elevato nell'editto dei prezzi di Diocleziano. Si trova spesso nei pavimenti di epoca tardo antica insieme al porfido rosso e fu ampiamente reimpiegato nei pavimenti cosmateschi. (it)
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