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Insanity in English law is a defence to criminal charges based on the idea that the defendant was unable to understand what he was doing, or, that he was unable to understand that what he was doing was wrong.

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  • Demencia (derecho inglés) (es)
  • Insanity in English law (en)
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  • Insanity in English law is a defence to criminal charges based on the idea that the defendant was unable to understand what he was doing, or, that he was unable to understand that what he was doing was wrong. (en)
  • En el derecho inglés, la defensa por demencia se basa en la idea de que el acusado era incapaz de comprender lo que hacía o de entender que lo que estaba haciendo era indebido. Existen dos formas, en una se alega que el demandado sufría de locura al momento del crimen y otra en la que se sostiene que la padece durante el juicio. La primera situación requiere demostrar la enfermedad que dañaba el funcionamiento de la mente y conducía a un defecto en la razón que impedía al individuo entender lo que hacía o lo incorrecto de sus acciones. (es)
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  • Insanity in English law is a defence to criminal charges based on the idea that the defendant was unable to understand what he was doing, or, that he was unable to understand that what he was doing was wrong. The defence comes in two forms; where the defendant claims he was insane at the time of the crime, and where the defendant asserts he is insane at the time of trial. In the first situation, the defendant must show that he was either suffering from a disease which damaged the functioning of the mind and led to a defect of reason that prevented him from understanding what he was doing, or that he could not tell that what he was doing was wrong. In the second situation, the test is whether or not the defendant can differentiate between "guilty" and "not guilty" verdicts, instruct counsel and recognise the charges he is facing. If successful, he is likely to be detained under the , although judges have a wide discretion as to what to do. Use of insanity as a concept dates from 1324, and its criminal application was used until the late 16th century in an almost identical way. The defence, if successful, either allowed the defendant to return home or led to him being incarcerated until he was granted a royal pardon; after 1542, a defendant who became insane prior to the trial could not be tried for any crime, up to and including high treason. During the 18th century the test to determine insanity became extremely narrow, with defendants required to prove that they could not distinguish between good and evil and that they suffered from a mental disease which made them incapable of understanding the consequences of their actions. The current wording comes from the M'Naghten Rules, based on the trial of Daniel M'Naghten in 1843. The defence of insanity has been subject to intense criticism, particularly from the Butler Committee, which noted that the rules were "based on too limited a concept of the nature of mental disorder", highlighting "the outmoded language of the M'Naghten Rules which gives rise to problems of interpretation" and that the rules were "based on the now obsolete belief in the pre-eminent role of reason in controlling social behaviour... [the rules] are not therefore a satisfactory test of criminal responsibility". The Committee proposed reform of the law in 1975, followed by a draft bill from the Law Commission in 1989; so far, these have both been ignored by successive governments. (en)
  • En el derecho inglés, la defensa por demencia se basa en la idea de que el acusado era incapaz de comprender lo que hacía o de entender que lo que estaba haciendo era indebido. Existen dos formas, en una se alega que el demandado sufría de locura al momento del crimen y otra en la que se sostiene que la padece durante el juicio. La primera situación requiere demostrar la enfermedad que dañaba el funcionamiento de la mente y conducía a un defecto en la razón que impedía al individuo entender lo que hacía o lo incorrecto de sus acciones. En el segundo caso, la prueba es determinar si la persona puede diferenciar entre los veredictos de «culpable» o «inocente», reconocer los cargos en su contra o dar instrucciones a su abogado. En formas casi idénticas, el uso del concepto se remonta a 1324 y su aplicación penal a finales del siglo XVI. De ser exitosa, es posible que el acusado sea detenido bajo la Ley de Procedimiento Penal (Demencia) de 1964 —en inglés, Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Act 1964—, aunque los jueces tienen criterio sobre cómo proceder. Además, puede resultar en la liberación del demandado o su encarcelación hasta que reciba un indulto real. A partir de 1542, los acusados dementes antes del juicio no podían ser enjuiciados por ningún crimen, incluso por alta traición. Durante el siglo XVIII, para la defensa los individuos debían demostrar que no podían distinguir entre el bien y el mal, así como que sufrían de alguna enfermedad de la razón que les hacía incapaces de comprender las consecuencias de sus acciones. La formulación más moderna llegó con las reglas M'Naghten —en inglés, M'Naghten Rules—, producto del juicio de Daniel M'Naghten en 1843. No obstante, esta defensa ha sido intensamente criticada, especialmente por el Comité Butler, para el que las reglas «se basan en un concepto muy limitado de la naturaleza de las enfermedades mentales». El comité también ha destacado que el «obsoleto lenguaje de la reglas M'Naghten da pie a problemas de interpretación» y que las reglas surgen «a partir de la arcaica creencia en el rol preeminente de la razón en el control del comportamiento social [...] por lo que no son una prueba satisfactoria de responsabilidad criminal».​ En 1975, el comité propuso reformas a la legislación, a lo que le siguió un proyecto de ley de la Comisión de Derecho en 1989. (es)
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