The imbrex and tegula (plural imbrices and tegulae) were overlapping roof tiles used in ancient Greek and Roman architecture as a waterproof and durable roof covering. They were made predominantly of fired clay, but also sometimes of marble, bronze or gilt. In Rome, they replaced wooden shingles, and were used on almost every type of structure, from humble outbuildings to grand temples and public facilities. The roofing area was generally surrounded by antefixae, which were often decorated and had several decorative anthemia to cover each end row imbrex.
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| - Tègula i ímbrex (ca)
- Tegula und Imbrex (de)
- Imbrex and tegula (en)
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| - Tegula et imbrex és un sistema de cobertura freqüent als edificis de l'antiga Grècia i Roma. Consisteix en una primera capa, damunt la infraestructura de fusta, de tegula, una mena de teula plana rectangular, els junts de les quals es cobreixen d'imbrex, un teula rodona que s'assembla a la teula romana. Un sistema semblant es fa servir a la Xina, on la tegula és lleugerment còncau. (ca)
- Tegula und Imbrex sind Formen antiker Dachziegel. Die Tegula ist ein rechteckiger, flacher Ziegel mit hochgezogenen Leisten an den beiden Längsseiten. Auf dem Dach stoßen die seitlichen Leisten zweier nebeneinander liegender Tegulae aneinander. Zur Abdichtung wird eine Imbrex über die Stoßfuge gelegt. Die Namen sind abgeleitet aus dem Lateinischen: imbrex (Plural imbrices) von lat. imbricus = regnerisch und tegula (Plural tegulae) = (Dach-)Ziegel. Vom Begriff Tegula sind die Worte „Ziegel“ und „Tegel“ (als Gestein) abgeleitet. (de)
- The imbrex and tegula (plural imbrices and tegulae) were overlapping roof tiles used in ancient Greek and Roman architecture as a waterproof and durable roof covering. They were made predominantly of fired clay, but also sometimes of marble, bronze or gilt. In Rome, they replaced wooden shingles, and were used on almost every type of structure, from humble outbuildings to grand temples and public facilities. The roofing area was generally surrounded by antefixae, which were often decorated and had several decorative anthemia to cover each end row imbrex. (en)
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| - Tegula et imbrex és un sistema de cobertura freqüent als edificis de l'antiga Grècia i Roma. Consisteix en una primera capa, damunt la infraestructura de fusta, de tegula, una mena de teula plana rectangular, els junts de les quals es cobreixen d'imbrex, un teula rodona que s'assembla a la teula romana. Un sistema semblant es fa servir a la Xina, on la tegula és lleugerment còncau. A la fi de l'era romana, a Gal·lia es va abandonar la fabricació de les tegulae, la fabricació de les quals feia menester de molta precisió per obtenir-ne que encaixaven bé, i es va construir teulats amb només imbrex o teules romanes, que s'alternaven amb files concaves i convexes. Aquesta tècnica continua fins a l'actualitat a tota la conca mediterrània. (ca)
- Tegula und Imbrex sind Formen antiker Dachziegel. Die Tegula ist ein rechteckiger, flacher Ziegel mit hochgezogenen Leisten an den beiden Längsseiten. Auf dem Dach stoßen die seitlichen Leisten zweier nebeneinander liegender Tegulae aneinander. Zur Abdichtung wird eine Imbrex über die Stoßfuge gelegt. Die Namen sind abgeleitet aus dem Lateinischen: imbrex (Plural imbrices) von lat. imbricus = regnerisch und tegula (Plural tegulae) = (Dach-)Ziegel. Dachdeckungen mit Tegula und Imbrex waren in den römischen Provinzen weit verbreitet. In archäologischen Fundzusammenhängen sind Funde solcher Ziegel in großer Zahl aus Städten, Militärlagern, Vici und Villen bekannt. Tegulae tragen gelegentlich Herstellerstempel oder Abdrücke von Tierpfoten. Als Hersteller treten auf den Ziegelstempeln sowohl militärische Einheiten wie auch Zivilpersonen in Erscheinung. Vom Begriff Tegula sind die Worte „Ziegel“ und „Tegel“ (als Gestein) abgeleitet. (de)
- The imbrex and tegula (plural imbrices and tegulae) were overlapping roof tiles used in ancient Greek and Roman architecture as a waterproof and durable roof covering. They were made predominantly of fired clay, but also sometimes of marble, bronze or gilt. In Rome, they replaced wooden shingles, and were used on almost every type of structure, from humble outbuildings to grand temples and public facilities. The tegula (Greek solenes) was a plain flat tile, or a flat tile with raised edges, which was laid flat upon the roof, while the imbrex (Greek kalupter) was a semi-cylindrical roofing tile, like a half-pipe, laid over the joints between the tegulae. When well-made and properly imbricated (overlapped), there was little need for further waterproofing or sealant. The roofing area was generally surrounded by antefixae, which were often decorated and had several decorative anthemia to cover each end row imbrex. The concept of imbrex and tegula roofing in pitched roof construction is still in use today as an international feature of style and design, and is the origin of the term imbrication for the condition of things arranged in overlapping layers. (en)
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