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The Earth–ionosphere waveguide refers to the phenomenon in which certain radio waves can propagate in the space between the ground and the boundary of the ionosphere.Because the ionosphere contains charged particles, it can behave as a conductor. The earth operates as a ground plane, and the resulting cavity behaves as a large waveguide.

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  • Ionosphärischer Wellenleiter (de)
  • Earth–ionosphere waveguide (en)
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  • Niederfrequente elektromagnetische Wellen (< 30 kHz) breiten sich im Bereich zwischen Erdoberfläche und der ionosphärischen D-Schicht (< 90 km Höhe) ähnlich wie in einem Mikro-Wellenleiter aus. Die Wellen werden darin so gebündelt, dass sie im Wellenleiter geführt werden. Die strahlenoptische Betrachtungsweise verliert dabei ihre Gültigkeit. Dieser Ausbreitungsbereich wird deshalbionosphärischer Wellenleiter genannt. (de)
  • The Earth–ionosphere waveguide refers to the phenomenon in which certain radio waves can propagate in the space between the ground and the boundary of the ionosphere.Because the ionosphere contains charged particles, it can behave as a conductor. The earth operates as a ground plane, and the resulting cavity behaves as a large waveguide. (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FieldstrvsDist.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Groundandskywave.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reflectionheight.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Transmissionfunc.jpg
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  • Niederfrequente elektromagnetische Wellen (< 30 kHz) breiten sich im Bereich zwischen Erdoberfläche und der ionosphärischen D-Schicht (< 90 km Höhe) ähnlich wie in einem Mikro-Wellenleiter aus. Die Wellen werden darin so gebündelt, dass sie im Wellenleiter geführt werden. Die strahlenoptische Betrachtungsweise verliert dabei ihre Gültigkeit. Dieser Ausbreitungsbereich wird deshalbionosphärischer Wellenleiter genannt. (de)
  • The Earth–ionosphere waveguide refers to the phenomenon in which certain radio waves can propagate in the space between the ground and the boundary of the ionosphere.Because the ionosphere contains charged particles, it can behave as a conductor. The earth operates as a ground plane, and the resulting cavity behaves as a large waveguide. Extremely low frequency (ELF) (< 3 kHz) and very low frequency (VLF) (3–30 kHz) signals can propagate efficiently in this waveguide. For instance, lightning strikes launch a signal called radio atmospherics, which can travel many thousands of kilometers, because they are confined between the Earth and the ionosphere.The round-the-world nature of the waveguide produces resonances, like a cavity, which are at ~7 Hz. (en)
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