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Culturally modified tree (aka CMT) is a tree modified by indigenous people as part of their tradition. Such trees are important sources for the history of certain regions. The term is used in western Canada and the United States. In British Columbia, one of the most commonly modified trees, particularly on the coast, is the Western Red Cedar. The Sami people of northern Scandinavia and indigenous people of southeast Australia modify trees. Basque herders left thousands of trees in the western United States between 1860 and 1930.

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  • Culturally Modified Trees (de)
  • Culturally modified tree (en)
  • Culturally Modified Trees (it)
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  • Culturally modified tree (aka CMT) is a tree modified by indigenous people as part of their tradition. Such trees are important sources for the history of certain regions. The term is used in western Canada and the United States. In British Columbia, one of the most commonly modified trees, particularly on the coast, is the Western Red Cedar. The Sami people of northern Scandinavia and indigenous people of southeast Australia modify trees. Basque herders left thousands of trees in the western United States between 1860 and 1930. (en)
  • Bei Culturally Modified Trees, kurz CMTs handelt es sich um Bäume, die im Rahmen ihrer traditionellen Nutzung des Waldes durch indigene Kulturen verändert worden sind. Dabei wird der Begriff kulturell sehr weit gefasst. In der Öffentlichkeit sind die CMTs bisher kaum wahrgenommen worden, doch haben Markierungen der Bäume, wie im Stanley Park von Vancouver, sie auch den dortigen Großstädtern bekannt gemacht. (de)
  • Culturally Modified Trees (da cui l'acronimo CMT) è un'espressione in lingua inglese che in italiano letteralmente traducibile con "alberi culturalmente modificati". Il termine sta, infatti, ad indicare le modifiche apportate alla vegetazione arborea da popolazioni indigene secondo la tradizione locale. Tali alberi hanno presso le culture indigene un significato piuttosto conosciuto, sebbene solo agli inizi degli anni ottanta gli scienziati hanno colto che i CMT potevano essere una preziosa risorsa per lo studio di alcune religioni; da qui per la prima volta il soprannome CMT archives (archivi CMT). Sebbene grandi risultati siano stati realizzati e la metodologia di analisi abbia visto un rilevante progresso, i CMT sono pressoché sconosciuti. Nell'ultimo periodo le targhette identificative (it)
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  • Bei Culturally Modified Trees, kurz CMTs handelt es sich um Bäume, die im Rahmen ihrer traditionellen Nutzung des Waldes durch indigene Kulturen verändert worden sind. Dabei wird der Begriff kulturell sehr weit gefasst. Der kulturelle Wert der CMTs für die indigenen Gruppen ist seit langem bekannt, doch ihre Bedeutung als historische Quelle wurde erst seit Beginn der 1980er Jahre wahrgenommen. Inzwischen spricht man von „CMT-Archiven“ oder einfach „CMTs“, um ihre Bedeutung als Quellen hervorzuheben. Die Methodik der Erfassung und Interpretation hat erhebliche Fortschritte gemacht und die Fragestellungen sind verfeinert worden. In der Öffentlichkeit sind die CMTs bisher kaum wahrgenommen worden, doch haben Markierungen der Bäume, wie im Stanley Park von Vancouver, sie auch den dortigen Großstädtern bekannt gemacht. Obwohl die Begrenzung auf die Bearbeitung durch Ureinwohner, insbesondere Indianer, nicht näher zu begründen ist, hat sie sich dennoch in Westkanada durchgesetzt. Analoges gilt für den Westen der USA, Nord-Skandinavien und Südost-Australien mit Blick auf die Indianer, die Samen und die Aborigines. Obwohl also nur selten außerhalb der indigenen Kulturen an CMTs geforscht wird, gibt es ein entsprechendes Forschungsprojekt für die Schnitzwerke der baskischen Hirten, die zwischen 1860 und 1930 in den USA entstanden sind. (de)
  • Culturally modified tree (aka CMT) is a tree modified by indigenous people as part of their tradition. Such trees are important sources for the history of certain regions. The term is used in western Canada and the United States. In British Columbia, one of the most commonly modified trees, particularly on the coast, is the Western Red Cedar. The Sami people of northern Scandinavia and indigenous people of southeast Australia modify trees. Basque herders left thousands of trees in the western United States between 1860 and 1930. (en)
  • Culturally Modified Trees (da cui l'acronimo CMT) è un'espressione in lingua inglese che in italiano letteralmente traducibile con "alberi culturalmente modificati". Il termine sta, infatti, ad indicare le modifiche apportate alla vegetazione arborea da popolazioni indigene secondo la tradizione locale. Tali alberi hanno presso le culture indigene un significato piuttosto conosciuto, sebbene solo agli inizi degli anni ottanta gli scienziati hanno colto che i CMT potevano essere una preziosa risorsa per lo studio di alcune religioni; da qui per la prima volta il soprannome CMT archives (archivi CMT). Sebbene grandi risultati siano stati realizzati e la metodologia di analisi abbia visto un rilevante progresso, i CMT sono pressoché sconosciuti. Nell'ultimo periodo le targhette identificative riportanti l'espressione "Culturally Modified Trees" affisse allo Stanley Park di Vancouver hanno destato le attenzioni dei turisti. (it)
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