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In mesoscopic physics, ballistic conduction (ballistic transport) is the unimpeded flow (or transport) of charge carriers (usually electrons), or energy-carrying particles, over relatively long distances in a material. In general, the resistivity of a material exists because an electron, while moving inside a medium, is scattered by impurities, defects, thermal fluctuations of ions in a crystalline solid, or, generally, by any freely-moving atom/molecule composing a gas or liquid. Without scattering, electrons simply obey Newton's second law of motion at non-relativistic speeds.

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  • Conducció balística (ca)
  • Ballistic conduction (en)
  • Transporte balístico (es)
  • 弹道输运 (zh)
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  • 弹道输运(Ballistic transport),是指介质中的电子在输运过程中几乎不会遇到散射。由于没有散射的作用,电子的运动仅遵从牛顿定律。 介质中的电阻一般是由电子散射而产生,这可以是因为、或者在平衡位置附近震荡的原子/分子引起的散射;也可以是由在气体和液体中自由运动的原子/分子引起的。 在介质中,我们可以定义一个自由程的概念,表示电子可以自由运动的路程。也就是说,在电子与其它物质发生碰撞,然后背离它初始运动方向之前它运动的路程。在很多情况下,我们可以通过减少杂质或者降低温度(当然,这个对半导体行不通)的办法来提高电子的自由程。 当电子的自由程(远)大于介质的尺度时,我们称此为弹道输运,这种情况下,电子只有碰到了边界才会改变运动方向。 (zh)
  • In mesoscopic physics, ballistic conduction (ballistic transport) is the unimpeded flow (or transport) of charge carriers (usually electrons), or energy-carrying particles, over relatively long distances in a material. In general, the resistivity of a material exists because an electron, while moving inside a medium, is scattered by impurities, defects, thermal fluctuations of ions in a crystalline solid, or, generally, by any freely-moving atom/molecule composing a gas or liquid. Without scattering, electrons simply obey Newton's second law of motion at non-relativistic speeds. (en)
  • Transporte balístico se refiere al transporte de electrones en un medio en el cual los electrones no son dispersados en él.​Éste ocurre cuando el camino libre medio de los electrones es mucho mayor a la longitud que delimita el medio, en la direcciónen la que se propaga el electrón.​ Entonces éste medio no opone "resistencia" al paso del electrón, sin embargo, la conductividad no es infinita debido a que en un arregloexperimental el medio está conectado con el equipo de medición a través de contactos y por tanto aparece una resistencia debido a ellos. (es)
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