About: Back-to-Africa movement

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The Back-to-Africa movement was based on the widespread belief among some European Americans in the 18th and 19th century United States that African Americans would want to return to the continent of Africa. In general, the political movement was an overwhelming failure; very few former slaves wanted to move to Africa. The small number of freed slaves who did settle in Africa—some under duress—initially faced brutal conditions, due to diseases to which they no longer had biological resistance. As the failure became known in the United States in the 1820s, it spawned and energized the abolitionist movement. In the 20th century, the Jamaican political activist and black nationalist Marcus Garvey, members of the Rastafari movement, and other African Americans supported the concept, but few ac

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rdf:type	Thing
rdfs:label	Back-to-Africa movement (en) حركة العودة إلى أفريقيا (ar) Retour en Afrique (fr)
rdfs:comment	Le mouvement Retour en Afrique (Back-to-Africa) est apparu aux États-Unis au XIXe siècle. Également appelé le mouvement de la Colonisation, ou le Sionisme noir (Black Zionism), il consiste à encourager les Noirs américains d'origine africaine à retourner dans la patrie africaine de leurs ancêtres. Le mouvement a notamment inspiré des idéologies comme la Nation of Islam ou les Rastafaris, et a joui d'une certaine popularité parmi les populations afro-américaines. (fr) العودة إلى إفريقيا في القرن التاسع عشر كانت تسمى الصهيونية السوداء أو حركة الاستعمار ، رأى الأمريكيون من أصل أفريقي ان يجب أن يعودوا إلى أفريقيا - ليس إلى أوطان أجدادهم، التي كانت غير معروفة في معظم الحالات، ولكن إلى القارة. بشكل عام كانت الحرك ة فاشلة جدا. أراد عدد قليل جدًا من العبيد المحررين الانتقال إلى أفريقيا، وواجه العدد الصغير الذي ذهب - البعض تحت الإكراه - ظروفًا وحشية في البداية. عندما أصبح الفشل معروفًا في الولايات المتحدة في عشرينيات القرن التاسع عشر، نتج عن حركة إلغاء العبودية. أصبحت ليبيريا وسيراليون أول دولتين سكانها سود مستقلتين بعد هايتي (1 يناير 1804)، وأصبحت الثانية والثالثة من الدول الثلاث الوحيدة التي أسسها العبيد السابقين. كان السفير الأمريكي في ليبيريا موقفا مرغوبا فيه. في القرن العشرين، تبنى ماركوس غارفي، الراستافاريون، وبعض الأمريكيين أفارقة آخرين هذا المفهوم، (ar) The Back-to-Africa movement was based on the widespread belief among some European Americans in the 18th and 19th century United States that African Americans would want to return to the continent of Africa. In general, the political movement was an overwhelming failure; very few former slaves wanted to move to Africa. The small number of freed slaves who did settle in Africa—some under duress—initially faced brutal conditions, due to diseases to which they no longer had biological resistance. As the failure became known in the United States in the 1820s, it spawned and energized the abolitionist movement. In the 20th century, the Jamaican political activist and black nationalist Marcus Garvey, members of the Rastafari movement, and other African Americans supported the concept, but few ac (en)
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dcterms:subject	Transatlantic cultural exchange Political movements in the United States Pre-emancipation African-American history African and Black nationalism African diaspora Repatriation Anti-black racism in the United States African diaspora history American colonization movement African-American repatriation organizations People of Liberated African descent Repatriated Africans Repatriated slaves
Wikipage page ID	8311688 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1124542704 (xsd:integer)
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