In criminal law, automatism is a rarely used criminal defence. It is one of the mental condition defences that relate to the mental state of the defendant. Automatism can be seen variously as lack of voluntariness, lack of culpability (unconsciousness) or excuse. Automatism means that the defendant was not aware of his or her actions when making the particular movements that constituted the illegal act.
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| rdfs:label
| - Automatism (law) (en)
- 자동증 (ko)
- 無意識行為 (zh)
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| rdfs:comment
| - 자동증(自動症, automatism)이란 형법에서 사용되는 변론이다. 피고가 행한 범죄는 자신의 행위가 아니라 반사적인 행위이라는 것이다. 이는 범죄의 성립요건인 고의성이 빠졌다고 볼 수 있기 때문에 무죄가 될 수 있다. 자동증 변론으로 사용 가능한 요인으로는 뇌전증에 의한 발작, 저혈당증으로 인한 무의식 상태, 외상후 스트레스 장애로 인한 행동제어 불가능 등이다. (ko)
- In criminal law, automatism is a rarely used criminal defence. It is one of the mental condition defences that relate to the mental state of the defendant. Automatism can be seen variously as lack of voluntariness, lack of culpability (unconsciousness) or excuse. Automatism means that the defendant was not aware of his or her actions when making the particular movements that constituted the illegal act. (en)
- 無意識行為（automatism、自動症、無自制行為、自動現象）是一種很少使用的刑事辯護。也是與被告的精神狀態有關的精神病辯護之一種。無意識行為可以被視為缺乏自主性的，缺乏有罪性的（無意識性的）或則豁免性的。無意識行為意即被告在作出構成違法行為中的特定行為時，被告本人並不知道自己的行為是違法的。例如，1858年的英國女士"以斯帖·格力格斯（Esther Griggs）犯了夜驚症，她把她的孩子從一樓窗口中扔了出去、因她認為房子是正在著火中。還有更近的一件發生在英國威爾斯鎮的露營車案例中，"布賴恩·托馬斯"（Brian Thomas），他在睡夢中扼殺了他的妻子、因他亦犯有夜驚症；他誤認為他的妻子是一位露營車的入侵者。無意識行為的辯護是否認這個人犯有在刑法上所要求的某種意義上屬於犯行的表現。因此，無意識行為真的是一種屬於"證據否定答辯"(denial-of-proof)的辯護 - 即使被告斷言該犯行沒有做出來。檢方不必反駁有時被錯誤報導的辯護；檢方必須證明犯行的所有要素，包括自願性的行為要求。無意識行為是一種針對即使是嚴格責任犯行的辯護、也就是沒有必要性意圖的犯行，比如危險駕駛。 (zh)
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| - In criminal law, automatism is a rarely used criminal defence. It is one of the mental condition defences that relate to the mental state of the defendant. Automatism can be seen variously as lack of voluntariness, lack of culpability (unconsciousness) or excuse. Automatism means that the defendant was not aware of his or her actions when making the particular movements that constituted the illegal act. For example, Esther Griggs in 1858 threw her child out of a first floor window believing that the house was on fire, while having a sleep terror. In 2002, Peter Buck, lead guitarist of the band R.E.M., was cleared of several charges, including assault, which resulted from automatism brought on by a bad interaction between alcohol and sleeping pills. In a 2009 case in Aberporth in west Wales, Brian Thomas strangled his wife in their camper van, also during a sleep terror, when he mistook his wife for an intruder. The defence of automatism is denying that the person was acting in the sense that the criminal law demands. As such it is really a denial-of-proof – the defendant is asserting that the offence is not made out. The prosecution does not have to disprove the defence as is sometimes erroneously reported; the prosecution has to prove all the elements of the offence including the voluntary act requirement. Automatism is a defence even against strict liability crimes like dangerous driving, where no intent is necessary. There are several limitations to the defence of automatism in English law. Prior fault generally excludes automatism. Intoxication generally excludes automatism, even when involuntary. Any defence that rests on insanity comes under the M'Naghten rules. Under English law internal causes of automatism are generally judged to be insane automatism and so result in the special verdict (not guilty by reason of insanity) rather than simple acquittal. (en)
- 자동증(自動症, automatism)이란 형법에서 사용되는 변론이다. 피고가 행한 범죄는 자신의 행위가 아니라 반사적인 행위이라는 것이다. 이는 범죄의 성립요건인 고의성이 빠졌다고 볼 수 있기 때문에 무죄가 될 수 있다. 자동증 변론으로 사용 가능한 요인으로는 뇌전증에 의한 발작, 저혈당증으로 인한 무의식 상태, 외상후 스트레스 장애로 인한 행동제어 불가능 등이다. (ko)
- 無意識行為（automatism、自動症、無自制行為、自動現象）是一種很少使用的刑事辯護。也是與被告的精神狀態有關的精神病辯護之一種。無意識行為可以被視為缺乏自主性的，缺乏有罪性的（無意識性的）或則豁免性的。無意識行為意即被告在作出構成違法行為中的特定行為時，被告本人並不知道自己的行為是違法的。例如，1858年的英國女士"以斯帖·格力格斯（Esther Griggs）犯了夜驚症，她把她的孩子從一樓窗口中扔了出去、因她認為房子是正在著火中。還有更近的一件發生在英國威爾斯鎮的露營車案例中，"布賴恩·托馬斯"（Brian Thomas），他在睡夢中扼殺了他的妻子、因他亦犯有夜驚症；他誤認為他的妻子是一位露營車的入侵者。無意識行為的辯護是否認這個人犯有在刑法上所要求的某種意義上屬於犯行的表現。因此，無意識行為真的是一種屬於"證據否定答辯"(denial-of-proof)的辯護 - 即使被告斷言該犯行沒有做出來。檢方不必反駁有時被錯誤報導的辯護；檢方必須證明犯行的所有要素，包括自願性的行為要求。無意識行為是一種針對即使是嚴格責任犯行的辯護、也就是沒有必要性意圖的犯行，比如危險駕駛。 英美法中無意識行為有幾個限制。先前的犯錯檢視通常會排除掉無意識行為。酒醉中的行為一般被排除在無意識行為之外，即使是非自願性的（比如被人灌醉而有犯行）。任何以精神錯亂為根據的辯護都屬之。根據英美法，無意識行為的內部原因通常被認為是精神錯亂性的無意識行為，因此導致特別的裁決（因精神錯亂而判無罪），而不是簡單的無罪釋放。 (zh)
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