@prefix dbpprop: .
@prefix dbpedia: .
dbpedia:Besiegers dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Siege .
@prefix owl: .
dbpedia:Siege owl:sameAs .
@prefix foaf: .
@prefix ns4: .
dbpedia:Siege foaf:page ns4:Siege ;
dbpprop:reference ,
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@prefix rdfs: .
dbpedia:Siege rdfs:label "Obl\u0119\u017Cenie"@pl ,
"Bel\u00E4gring"@sv ,
"Obl\u00E9h\u00E1n\u00ED"@cs ,
"Si\u00E8ge (militaire)"@fr ,
"Beleiring"@no ,
"Belegering"@nl ,
"Siege"@en ,
"\u041E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430"@ru ,
"Cerco"@pt ,
"Assedio"@it ,
"Ku\u015Fatma"@tr ,
"\u653B\u57CE\u6230"@zh ,
"Belagerung"@de ,
"\u653B\u57CE\u6226"@ja ,
"Setge"@ca ,
"Asedio"@es ,
"Asediu"@ro ,
"Piiritys"@fi .
@prefix dbpedia-owl: .
dbpedia:Siege dbpedia-owl:thumbnail ;
dbpprop:abstract "\u653B\u57CE\u6230\u662F\u5C0D\u57CE\u5821\u3001\u57CE\u5E02\u6216\u8981\u585E\u9032\u884C\u8ECD\u4E8B\u5C01\u9396\u7684\u6230\u722D\u3002\u9664\u4E86\u9032\u884C\u9577\u671F\u7684\u5305\u570D\u6230\u5916\uFF0C\u9084\u53EF\u4EE5\u5C01\u9396\u88AB\u5305\u570D\u8005\u7684\u88DC\u9000\u53CA\u9000\u8DEF\u3002"@zh ,
"Obl\u00E9h\u00E1n\u00ED je v\u00E1le\u010Dn\u00E1 situace, p\u0159i kter\u00E9 obl\u00E9haj\u00EDc\u00ED obkl\u00ED\u010D\u00ED lokalitu, obvykle opevn\u011Bnou, a kontroluje do n\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDstup za \u00FA\u010Delem donucen\u00ED obr\u00E1nc\u016F se vzd\u00E1t nebo jej\u00EDho dobyt\u00ED. Ten, kdo obl\u00E9h\u00E1, m\u00E1 v \u00FAmyslu izolovat obl\u00E9han\u00E9 tak, aby nem\u011Bli mo\u017Enost komunikace s vn\u011Bj\u0161kem a nemohli dost\u00E1vat z\u00E1soby j\u00EDdla nebo prost\u0159edk\u016F. Prvn\u00ED zm\u00EDnky o obl\u00E9h\u00E1n\u00ED jsou z nejstar\u0161\u00EDch dob. Vykop\u00E1vky na St\u0159edn\u00EDm v\u00FDchod\u011B potvrdily, \u017Ee i nejstar\u0161\u00ED m\u011Bsta m\u011Bla hradby."@cs ,
"\u041E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0434\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C \u0448\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043C\u043E\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043B. \u041E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u0441\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0431\u044B\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E. \u041E\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442, \u043D\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044F 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\u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u044C \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u044B \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0431\u043E\u0435\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043F\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u043D\u0430 \u0411\u043B\u0438\u0436\u043D\u0435\u043C \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043D\u044B \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0445 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\u0441\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0430 \u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0430\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0445 \u043E\u0441\u0430\u0434. \u0412 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0449\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043B\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043B\u043E 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\u043C\u043E\u0431\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B, \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0443\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u044D\u0442\u043E \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u0440\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0435. \u041E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043F\u0430\u043B \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044F \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u044F\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043A\u0438 \u043E\u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0451\u043C\u043E\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043A \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u0438."@ru ,
"Un si\u00E8ge, dans le domaine militaire, est l\u2019ensemble des actions men\u00E9es en vue de s\u2019emparer d\u2019une place forte ou d\u2019une position ennemie. La technique du si\u00E8ge, aussi bien celle de la d\u00E9fense que celle de l'attaque, se nomme la poliorc\u00E9tique. Ces op\u00E9rations comprennent souvent un blocus, qui permet d\u2019affaiblir la place en la coupant de tout soutien. L\u2019objectif est d\u2019obtenir sa reddition ou de r\u00E9aliser sa prise plus facilement."@fr ,
"Obl\u0119\u017Cenie - odci\u0119cie miasta, twierdzy, regionu, cz\u0119\u015Bci kraju lub innego obiektu posiadaj\u0105cego za\u0142og\u0119 wojskow\u0105, od g\u0142\u00F3wnych si\u0142 oraz \u017Ar\u00F3de\u0142 zaopatrzenia, zar\u00F3wno w sprz\u0119t i si\u0142y wojskowe, jak i \u017Cywno\u015B\u0107 i inne potrzebne do \u017Cycia artyku\u0142y. Obl\u0119\u017Cenie polega na otoczeniu takiego obiektu pier\u015Bcieniem wojsk i blokadzie pr\u00F3b zar\u00F3wno opuszczenia go, jak i wsparcia z zewn\u0105trz. Celem obl\u0119\u017Cenia jest os\u0142abienie zdolno\u015Bci militarnej do obrony takiego obiektu na skutek wyczerpywania si\u0119 zapas\u00F3w przy braku dostaw, a nast\u0119pnie sk\u0142onienie broni\u0105cej go za\u0142ogi do poddania si\u0119. Jako spos\u00F3b prowadzenia wojen straci\u0142o na znaczeniu po wprowadzeniu do techniki wojskowej lotnictwa, nadal jednak bywa stosowane."@pl ,
"En beleiring er en milit\u00E6r aksjon som avskj\u00E6rer en by, en befestning eller et landomr\u00E5de fra omverdenen. Hensikten er \u00E5 erobre omr\u00E5det, enten gjennom angrep eller utmattelse. Beleiringer er kjent helt fra antikken til v\u00E5r tid, men de har blitt mindre vanlige av flere grunner. En grunn er at ildkraften til moderne v\u00E5pen ganske raskt kan redusere ethvert beleiret objekt til grus og en annen grunn er at stadig st\u00F8rre mobilitet i krigf\u00F8ringen har gjort statiske objekter mindre viktige. En beleiring er en kompleks milit\u00E6r operasjon. Man \u00F8nsker b\u00E5de \u00E5 holde de beleirede inne og hindre at noen utenfra kommer inn. En vanlig operasjonsmodus for \u00E5 ta en festning var at man omringet festningen og tilb\u00F8d okkupantene \u00E5 overgi seg. Hvis de avslo begynte en lang prosess, gjerne med bombardering fra beleiringsmaskiner og minering (undergraving) av festningsmurene. Angrep med stiger og beleringst\u00E5rn kunne skje hvis ikke forsvarerne overga seg innen rimelig tid."@no ,
"En bel\u00E4gring \u00E4r en inneslutning av en fientlig f\u00E4stning eller stad, med syftet att f\u00F6rbereda en stormning av denna eller tvinga den att kapitulera. Bel\u00E4gring var vanligt i framf\u00F6rallt antik och medeltida krigf\u00F6ring. I bel\u00E4gringen ing\u00E5r att f\u00E4stningen eller staden sk\u00E4rs av fr\u00E5n tillf\u00F6rsel av underh\u00E5ll som livsmedel, vatten, krigsmateriel och manskap. Samtidigt som detta sker f\u00F6rs\u00F6ker bel\u00E4grarna f\u00F6rst\u00F6ra f\u00E4stningsverken med murbr\u00E4ckor, bel\u00E4gringstorn och andra vapen. Visby \u00E4r ett exempel p\u00E5 en bef\u00E4st stad t\u00E4nkt att motst\u00E5 bel\u00E4gringsangrepp. Karlsborgs f\u00E4stning byggdes som ointagbar reservhuvudstad men hann bli omodern redan innan den f\u00E4rdigst\u00E4lldes 1869. En inneslutning utan syfte till stormning kallas cernering."@sv ,
"Bir \u015Fehrin,bir \u00FClkenin ya da bir b\u00F6lgenin abluka alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p d\u0131\u015F d\u00FCnya ile ili\u015Fkisinin kesilmesidir. Ku\u015Fatma, d\u00FC\u015Fman\u0131n d\u0131\u015Far\u0131yla ili\u015Fkisini kesip,teslim olmaya yahut ku\u015Fat\u0131lan b\u00F6lgeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p ka\u00E7maya zorlayan bir sava\u015F takti\u011Fidir. Image:Siege of Constantinople. jpg|\u0130stanbul'un Osmanl\u0131larca ku\u015Fat\u0131lmas\u0131 Image:Hunername 257b. jpg|Viyana ku\u015Fatmas\u0131"@tr ,
"\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Siege constantinople bnf fr2691. jpg \u30B3\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u30C6\u30A3\u30CE\u30FC\u30D7\u30EB\u306E\u9665\u843D \u653B\u57CE\u6226\uFF08\u3053\u3046\u3058\u3087\u3046\u305B\u3093\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u6575\u306E\u7826\u3001\u57CE\u3001\u57CE\u58C1\u90FD\u5E02\u3092\u596A\u53D6\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306E\u6226\u95D8\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja ,
"Een beleg of belegering is een langdurige militaire blokkade en aanval op een stad of fort. Een belegering begint met de berenning, en heeft door middel van uitputtingsoorlogsvoering het doel om tot de verovering van een vesting of stad te komen. Een beleg begint doorgaans wanneer een aanvaller een verdedigde plaats wil innemen die weigert zich over te geven en niet eenvoudig met een frontale aanval kan worden ingenomen. Een beleg betekent typisch de omsingeling van de stad, het afsnijden van de bevoorrading ervan, bombardement en ondermijning van de verdedigingswerken en de inzet van belegerings-machines. Een beleg heeft vier mogelijke uitkomsten: De verdedigers weerstaan de aanvallers zonder hulp van buitenaf, in welk geval de positie heeft standgehouden. Als de verdedigers winnen met hulp van buitenaf dan heet het ontzet. Wanneer de aanvallers de verdedigde plaats overnemen, maar de verdedigers weten te ontkomen, dan heet het ge\u00EBvacueerd. Als de aanvallers winnen en de verdedigers overmeesteren en/of vernietigen, dan is de verdedigde plaats gevallen."@nl ,
"Un setge \u00E9s l'acci\u00F3 militar consistent en envoltar amb gent armada un lloc per combatre'l, privar-lo de comunicacions i apoderar-se'n. Posar setge implica el bloqueig militar prolongat d'una fortalesa, que sol anar acompanyat de l'assalt de la mateixa, amb l'objectiu de la seva conquesta mitjan\u00E7ant la for\u00E7a o el desgast. T\u00E9 lloc quan un atacant es troba amb una ciutat o fortalesa que rebutja la rendici\u00F3 i no pot ser presa f\u00E0cilment mitjan\u00E7ant un assalt frontal. Normalment comporta la marrada de l'objectiu i el bloqueig de les l\u00EDnies d'abastament, si cal ajudats amb maquin\u00E0ria de setge, bombardeig d'artilleria i la construcci\u00F3 de t\u00FAnels subterranis per reduir les fortificacions. El terme prov\u00E9 del llat\u00ED s\u0115d\u012Dcum, \"seient\", derivat de s\u0115d\u0113re, \"seure\"."@ca ,
"Asediul este o blocad\u0103 militar\u0103 asupra unui ora\u015F, cu inten\u0163ia de a-l ocupa prin for\u0163\u0103, de cele mai multe ori fiind acompaniat de un asalt \u015Fi utilizarea artileriei. In evul mediu asediul era una dintre principalele tactici militare utilizate \u00EEn r\u0103zboi. Cu timpul dezvolt\u0103rii tehnicii militare, dotarea cu tunuri mai mari, se reduce importan\u0163a strategic\u0103 a zidurilor cet\u0103\u0163ilor."@ro ,
"Cerco ou s\u00EDtio \u00E9 um m\u00E9todo de estrat\u00E9gia militar onde unidades militares cercam o inimigo ou uma edifica\u00E7\u00E3o onde estes se abrigam com o intuito de n\u00E3o permitir uma evas\u00E3o ou impedir o recebimento de provis\u00F5es, acredita-se que este m\u00E9todo tenha sido usado pela primeira vez pelo conquistador Mongol Gengis khan, durante seu ataque a cidade de Pequim, geralmente nesta estrat\u00E9gia, \u00E9 comum o uso de armas de ass\u00E9dio para a destrui\u00E7\u00E3o de edifica\u00E7\u00F5es."@pt ,
"Un asedio es un bloqueo militar prolongado de una fortaleza, que suele ir acompa\u00F1ado del asalto de la misma, con el objetivo de su conquista mediante la fuerza o el desgaste. Tiene lugar cuando un atacante se encuentra con una ciudad o fortaleza que rechaza la rendici\u00F3n y no puede ser tomada f\u00E1cilmente mediante un asalto frontal. Normalmente conlleva el rodeo del objetivo y el bloqueo de las l\u00EDneas de abastecimiento, normalmente ayudado con maquinaria de asedio, bombardeo de artiller\u00EDa y la construcci\u00F3n de t\u00FAneles subterr\u00E1neos para reducir las fortificaciones. Los asedios probablemente surgen en la historia junto con el desarrollo de las ciudades a grandes centros de poblaci\u00F3n. Las ciudades antiguas de Oriente Medio, por ejemplo, ya muestran restos arqueol\u00F3gicos de murallas fortificadas. Durante el Renacimiento y la Edad Moderna, los asedios dominaron la forma de guerra en Europa hasta tal punto que Leonardo da Vinci, por ejemplo, gan\u00F3 gran parte de su renombre mediante el dise\u00F1o de fortificaciones en su estudio. Las campa\u00F1as medievales generalmente se dise\u00F1aban mediante una sucesi\u00F3n de asedios. Sin embargo, en la era Napole\u00F3nica, el uso cada vez mayor de ca\u00F1ones muy poderosos fue reduciendo el valor de las fortificaciones, de forma que ya en los tiempos modernos, las trincheras sustituyeron a las murallas, y los b\u00FAnkeres sustituyeron a los castillos. Ya en el siglo XX la importancia del asedio cl\u00E1sico fue declinando debido a la llegada de la guerra m\u00F3vil. Una fortificaci\u00F3n concreta dej\u00F3 de ser tan decisiva como lo era antes y, por ello, aunque todav\u00EDa se producen asedios concretos, ya no son tan importantes ni tan comunes como lo fueron antes, dados los cambios en los medios de guerra, y sobre todo por la facilidad con que hoy en d\u00EDa se pueden dirigir grandes vol\u00FAmenes de poder destructivo contra un solo objetivo est\u00E1tico. Un asedio militar puede tener cuatro posibles desenlaces: Los defensores pueden romperlo sin ayuda de fuera, en cuyo caso se dice que han mantenido la posici\u00F3n. Si los defensores logran vencer gracias a ayuda del exterior, se dice que se ha levantado el asedio. Si el asedio finaliza con los atacantes tomando el control de la ciudad o fortaleza asediada pero los defensores logran escapar, se dice que la ciudad ha sido evacuada. Si los atacantes salen victoriosos y logran destruir o capturar a los defensores, se dice que la ciudad o fortaleza asediada ha ca\u00EDdo."@es ,
"Die Belagerung ist eine Sonderform des Angriffs, die angewendet wird, um befestigte Anlagen zu erobern, deren Kampfkraft abzunutzen oder zumindest zeitweise zu neutralisieren. Hierbei wird der Ort dergestalt von eigenen Truppen umschlossen, dass m\u00F6glichst jeder Verkehr zwischen dem Inneren und dem \u00C4u\u00DFeren des Belagerungsrings unterbunden wird. Insbesondere soll der Nachschub an Soldaten, Waffen und Nahrung unterbunden werden. Belagerungen sind zumeist mit dem Einsatz von Belagerungsger\u00E4t, Artillerie und Sappeuren verbunden. Von der fr\u00FChgeschichtlichen Zeit bis in die Fr\u00FChe Neuzeit stellte die Belagerung ein wesentliches Element der Kriegsf\u00FChrung dar. Der technischen Weiterentwicklung der Befestigungsanlagen stand auf der anderen Seite die Weiterentwicklung der Belagerungstechniken dar. Bedeutende Wissenschaftler und Ingenieure waren an dieser Weiterentwicklung beteiligt, so etwa in der Antike Archimedes oder Heron von Alexandria, oder Leonardo da Vinci in der Renaissance, der sowohl Festungsanlagen als auch Kriegsmaschine entwarf. Zur Entwicklung der Belagerungstechnik als Teil der Wissenschaftsgeschichte des Ingenieurwesens siehe Poliorketik. Der Stellenwert sowohl der Belagerung als auch des Festungsbaus als Teil der Kriegf\u00FChrung nahm mit zunehmender Verf\u00FCgbarkeit wirksamer Artillerie langsam ab und spielte bereits im 2. Weltkrieg keine wirkliche Rolle mehr. Mit der zunehmenden Bedeutung des Luftkriegs im 20. Jahrhundert wurden beide im wesentlichen obsolet. Ziel einer Belagerung ist eine befestigte Anlage des Gegners soweit zu schw\u00E4chen, dass ein ein Sturmangriff erfolgversprechend wird oder die Verteidiger in eine Kapitulation einwilligen. Dazu dienen der Einsatz von Belagerungsger\u00E4t und Artillerie, mit deren Hilfe die Anlage strukturell geschw\u00E4cht wird, bzw. die Zerm\u00FCrbung der Verteidiger durch Aushungern, Demoralisieren bzw. physische Vernichtung. Da eine Belagerung zu allen Zeiten aufwendig und langwierig war, wurde h\u00E4ufig versucht, durch Ausnutzung eines \u00DCberraschungsmoments, List oder Verrat eine Belagerung zu vermeiden. \u00DCberraschungsangriffe und handstreichartige \u00DCberf\u00E4lle auf intakte Festungsanlagen sind jedoch riskant, scheitern h\u00E4ufig und k\u00F6nnen f\u00FCr den Angreifer ausgesprochen verlustreich verlaufen. Sunzi vermerkt zu dem Thema \u201EBelagerung\u201C: Und: Clausewitz dr\u00FCckt sich vorsichtiger aus: Verl\u00E4sst ein Teil der Belagerten die Festung, um die Belagerer anzugreifen, bzw um Belagerungsger\u00E4t zu zerst\u00F6ren, nennt man das einen Ausfall. Kommen den Belagerten befreundete Truppen von au\u00DFen zu Hilfe, spricht man von Entsatz."@de ,
"Piiritys on sotilaallinen saartotoimenpide ja hy\u00F6kk\u00E4ys joko kaupunkiin tai linnoitukseen tarkoituksena vallata kohde. Piiritys syntyy, kun hy\u00F6kk\u00E4\u00E4j\u00E4 kohtaa kaupungin tai linnoituksen, joka kielt\u00E4ytyy antautumasta ja jota ei voi helposti vallata suoralla hy\u00F6kk\u00E4yksell\u00E4. Piiritykseen liittyy yleens\u00E4 piiritt\u00E4j\u00E4n pyrkimys est\u00E4\u00E4 piiritett\u00E4v\u00E4lt\u00E4 varustuksen t\u00E4ydennys. Piiritt\u00E4j\u00E4 voi k\u00E4ytt\u00E4\u00E4 tykist\u00F6\u00E4 ja erilaisia piirityskoneita linnoituksen varustuksen, esimerkiksi muurin tuhoamiseen."@fi ,
"L'assedio \u00E8 una situazione bellica in cui un esercito circonda e controlla gli accessi ad una localit\u00E0, di solito fortificata, allo scopo di costringere i difensori alla resa o di conquistarla con la forza. Chi mette in atto un assedio si pone lo scopo di isolare chi lo subisce in modo che questi non possa pi\u00F9 avere comunicazioni con l'esterno e che non sia in grado di ricevere rifornimenti di cibo o di mezzi. Ci\u00F2 avviene, solitamente, circondando l'obiettivo col proprio esercito. Le prime notizie di assedi arrivano da fonti antichissime. Scavi archeologici in Medio Oriente hanno confermato che anche le citt\u00E0 pi\u00F9 antiche erano dotate di cinte murarie. L'arte dell'assedio viene detta poliorcetica."@it ,
"A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by attrition or assault. The term derives from sedere, Latin for \"to sit\". A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a coup de main and refuses to surrender. Sieges involve surrounding the target and blocking the reinforcement or escape of troops or provision of supplies (a tactic known as \"investment\"), typically coupled with attempts to reduce the fortifications by means of siege engines, artillery bombardment, mining (also known as sapping), or the use of deception or treachery to bypass defenses. Failing a military outcome, sieges can often be decided by starvation, thirst or disease, which can afflict either the attacker or defender. Sieges probably predate the development of cities as large population centers. Ancient cities in the Middle East show archaeological evidence of having had fortified city walls. During the Warring States era of ancient China, there is both textual and archaeological evidence of prolonged sieges and siege machinery used against the defenders of city walls. Siege machinery was also a tradition of the ancient Greco-Roman world. During the Renaissance and the Early Modern period, siege warfare dominated the conduct of war in Europe. Leonardo da Vinci gained as much of his renown from the design of fortifications as from his artwork. Medieval campaigns were generally designed around a succession of sieges. In the Napoleonic era, increasing use of ever more powerful cannon reduced the value of fortifications. In modern times, trenches replaced walls, and bunkers replaced castles. In the 20th century, the significance of the classical siege declined. With the advent of mobile warfare, a single fortified stronghold is no longer as decisive as it once was. While sieges do still occur, they are not as common as they once were due to changes in modes of battle, principally the ease by which huge volumes of destructive power can be directed onto a static target. Sieges in the present day are more commonly either smaller hostage, militant, or extreme resisting-arrest situations such as the Waco Siege. Generally speaking, siege warfare is a form of low-intensity warfare (until an assault takes place) characterized in that at least one party holds a strong defense position, it is highly static situation, the element of attrition is typically strong and there are plenty of opportunities for negotiations."@en ;
rdfs:comment "L'assedio \u00E8 una situazione bellica in cui un esercito circonda e controlla gli accessi ad una localit\u00E0, di solito fortificata, allo scopo di costringere i difensori alla resa o di conquistarla con la forza. Chi mette in atto un assedio si pone lo scopo di isolare chi lo subisce in modo che questi non possa pi\u00F9 avere comunicazioni con l'esterno e che non sia in grado di ricevere rifornimenti di cibo o di mezzi. Ci\u00F2 avviene, solitamente, circondando l'obiettivo col proprio esercito."@it ,
"\u041E\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0434\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0431\u043B\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u043C \u0448\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043C\u043E\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0438\u043B."@ru ,
"Un si\u00E8ge, dans le domaine militaire, est l\u2019ensemble des actions men\u00E9es en vue de s\u2019emparer d\u2019une place forte ou d\u2019une position ennemie. La technique du si\u00E8ge, aussi bien celle de la d\u00E9fense que celle de l'attaque, se nomme la poliorc\u00E9tique. Ces op\u00E9rations comprennent souvent un blocus, qui permet d\u2019affaiblir la place en la coupant de tout soutien. L\u2019objectif est d\u2019obtenir sa reddition ou de r\u00E9aliser sa prise plus facilement."@fr ,
"En beleiring er en milit\u00E6r aksjon som avskj\u00E6rer en by, en befestning eller et landomr\u00E5de fra omverdenen. Hensikten er \u00E5 erobre omr\u00E5det, enten gjennom angrep eller utmattelse. Beleiringer er kjent helt fra antikken til v\u00E5r tid, men de har blitt mindre vanlige av flere grunner. En grunn er at ildkraften til moderne v\u00E5pen ganske raskt kan redusere ethvert beleiret objekt til grus og en annen grunn er at stadig st\u00F8rre mobilitet i krigf\u00F8ringen har gjort statiske objekter mindre viktige."@no ,
"Obl\u00E9h\u00E1n\u00ED je v\u00E1le\u010Dn\u00E1 situace, p\u0159i kter\u00E9 obl\u00E9haj\u00EDc\u00ED obkl\u00ED\u010D\u00ED lokalitu, obvykle opevn\u011Bnou, a kontroluje do n\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDstup za \u00FA\u010Delem donucen\u00ED obr\u00E1nc\u016F se vzd\u00E1t nebo jej\u00EDho dobyt\u00ED. Ten, kdo obl\u00E9h\u00E1, m\u00E1 v \u00FAmyslu izolovat obl\u00E9han\u00E9 tak, aby nem\u011Bli mo\u017Enost komunikace s vn\u011Bj\u0161kem a nemohli dost\u00E1vat z\u00E1soby j\u00EDdla nebo prost\u0159edk\u016F. Prvn\u00ED zm\u00EDnky o obl\u00E9h\u00E1n\u00ED jsou z nejstar\u0161\u00EDch dob. Vykop\u00E1vky na St\u0159edn\u00EDm v\u00FDchod\u011B potvrdily, \u017Ee i nejstar\u0161\u00ED m\u011Bsta m\u011Bla hradby."@cs ,
"Die Belagerung ist eine Sonderform des Angriffs, die angewendet wird, um befestigte Anlagen zu erobern, deren Kampfkraft abzunutzen oder zumindest zeitweise zu neutralisieren. Hierbei wird der Ort dergestalt von eigenen Truppen umschlossen, dass m\u00F6glichst jeder Verkehr zwischen dem Inneren und dem \u00C4u\u00DFeren des Belagerungsrings unterbunden wird. Insbesondere soll der Nachschub an Soldaten, Waffen und Nahrung unterbunden werden."@de ,
"\u653B\u57CE\u6230\u662F\u5C0D\u57CE\u5821\u3001\u57CE\u5E02\u6216\u8981\u585E\u9032\u884C\u8ECD\u4E8B\u5C01\u9396\u7684\u6230\u722D\u3002\u9664\u4E86\u9032\u884C\u9577\u671F\u7684\u5305\u570D\u6230\u5916\uFF0C\u9084\u53EF\u4EE5\u5C01\u9396\u88AB\u5305\u570D\u8005\u7684\u88DC\u9000\u53CA\u9000\u8DEF\u3002"@zh ,
"Piiritys on sotilaallinen saartotoimenpide ja hy\u00F6kk\u00E4ys joko kaupunkiin tai linnoitukseen tarkoituksena vallata kohde. Piiritys syntyy, kun hy\u00F6kk\u00E4\u00E4j\u00E4 kohtaa kaupungin tai linnoituksen, joka kielt\u00E4ytyy antautumasta ja jota ei voi helposti vallata suoralla hy\u00F6kk\u00E4yksell\u00E4. Piiritykseen liittyy yleens\u00E4 piiritt\u00E4j\u00E4n pyrkimys est\u00E4\u00E4 piiritett\u00E4v\u00E4lt\u00E4 varustuksen t\u00E4ydennys."@fi ,
"Bir \u015Fehrin,bir \u00FClkenin ya da bir b\u00F6lgenin abluka alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p d\u0131\u015F d\u00FCnya ile ili\u015Fkisinin kesilmesidir. Ku\u015Fatma, d\u00FC\u015Fman\u0131n d\u0131\u015Far\u0131yla ili\u015Fkisini kesip,teslim olmaya yahut ku\u015Fat\u0131lan b\u00F6lgeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p ka\u00E7maya zorlayan bir sava\u015F takti\u011Fidir. Image:Siege of Constantinople. jpg|\u0130stanbul'un Osmanl\u0131larca ku\u015Fat\u0131lmas\u0131 Image:Hunername 257b. jpg|Viyana ku\u015Fatmas\u0131"@tr ,
"En bel\u00E4gring \u00E4r en inneslutning av en fientlig f\u00E4stning eller stad, med syftet att f\u00F6rbereda en stormning av denna eller tvinga den att kapitulera. Bel\u00E4gring var vanligt i framf\u00F6rallt antik och medeltida krigf\u00F6ring. I bel\u00E4gringen ing\u00E5r att f\u00E4stningen eller staden sk\u00E4rs av fr\u00E5n tillf\u00F6rsel av underh\u00E5ll som livsmedel, vatten, krigsmateriel och manskap. Samtidigt som detta sker f\u00F6rs\u00F6ker bel\u00E4grarna f\u00F6rst\u00F6ra f\u00E4stningsverken med murbr\u00E4ckor, bel\u00E4gringstorn och andra vapen."@sv ,
"\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Siege constantinople bnf fr2691. jpg \u30B3\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u30C6\u30A3\u30CE\u30FC\u30D7\u30EB\u306E\u9665\u843D \u653B\u57CE\u6226\uFF08\u3053\u3046\u3058\u3087\u3046\u305B\u3093\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u6575\u306E\u7826\u3001\u57CE\u3001\u57CE\u58C1\u90FD\u5E02\u3092\u596A\u53D6\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306E\u6226\u95D8\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja ,
"A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by attrition or assault. The term derives from sedere, Latin for \"to sit\". A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a coup de main and refuses to surrender."@en ,
"Cerco ou s\u00EDtio \u00E9 um m\u00E9todo de estrat\u00E9gia militar onde unidades militares cercam o inimigo ou uma edifica\u00E7\u00E3o onde estes se abrigam com o intuito de n\u00E3o permitir uma evas\u00E3o ou impedir o recebimento de provis\u00F5es, acredita-se que este m\u00E9todo tenha sido usado pela primeira vez pelo conquistador Mongol Gengis khan, durante seu ataque a cidade de Pequim, geralmente nesta estrat\u00E9gia, \u00E9 comum o uso de armas de ass\u00E9dio para a destrui\u00E7\u00E3o de edifica\u00E7\u00F5es."@pt ,
"Un setge \u00E9s l'acci\u00F3 militar consistent en envoltar amb gent armada un lloc per combatre'l, privar-lo de comunicacions i apoderar-se'n. Posar setge implica el bloqueig militar prolongat d'una fortalesa, que sol anar acompanyat de l'assalt de la mateixa, amb l'objectiu de la seva conquesta mitjan\u00E7ant la for\u00E7a o el desgast. T\u00E9 lloc quan un atacant es troba amb una ciutat o fortalesa que rebutja la rendici\u00F3 i no pot ser presa f\u00E0cilment mitjan\u00E7ant un assalt frontal."@ca ,
"Asediul este o blocad\u0103 militar\u0103 asupra unui ora\u015F, cu inten\u0163ia de a-l ocupa prin for\u0163\u0103, de cele mai multe ori fiind acompaniat de un asalt \u015Fi utilizarea artileriei. In evul mediu asediul era una dintre principalele tactici militare utilizate \u00EEn r\u0103zboi. Cu timpul dezvolt\u0103rii tehnicii militare, dotarea cu tunuri mai mari, se reduce importan\u0163a strategic\u0103 a zidurilor cet\u0103\u0163ilor."@ro ,
"Een beleg of belegering is een langdurige militaire blokkade en aanval op een stad of fort. Een belegering begint met de berenning, en heeft door middel van uitputtingsoorlogsvoering het doel om tot de verovering van een vesting of stad te komen. Een beleg begint doorgaans wanneer een aanvaller een verdedigde plaats wil innemen die weigert zich over te geven en niet eenvoudig met een frontale aanval kan worden ingenomen."@nl ,
"Obl\u0119\u017Cenie - odci\u0119cie miasta, twierdzy, regionu, cz\u0119\u015Bci kraju lub innego obiektu posiadaj\u0105cego za\u0142og\u0119 wojskow\u0105, od g\u0142\u00F3wnych si\u0142 oraz \u017Ar\u00F3de\u0142 zaopatrzenia, zar\u00F3wno w sprz\u0119t i si\u0142y wojskowe, jak i \u017Cywno\u015B\u0107 i inne potrzebne do \u017Cycia artyku\u0142y. Obl\u0119\u017Cenie polega na otoczeniu takiego obiektu pier\u015Bcieniem wojsk i blokadzie pr\u00F3b zar\u00F3wno opuszczenia go, jak i wsparcia z zewn\u0105trz."@pl ,
"Un asedio es un bloqueo militar prolongado de una fortaleza, que suele ir acompa\u00F1ado del asalto de la misma, con el objetivo de su conquista mediante la fuerza o el desgaste. Tiene lugar cuando un atacante se encuentra con una ciudad o fortaleza que rechaza la rendici\u00F3n y no puede ser tomada f\u00E1cilmente mediante un asalto frontal."@es ;
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