@prefix dbpedia-owl: . @prefix dbpedia: . dbpedia:Guinea-Bissau dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . @prefix ns2: . dbpedia:Guinea-Bissau ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . @prefix dbpprop: . dbpedia:Guinea-Bissau dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Weimar_Republic dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Egypt dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Kenya dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Palestinian_National_Authority dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Burkina_Faso dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Mali dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:France dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Russia dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Guyana dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . @prefix rdf: . @prefix ns5: . dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system rdf:type ns5:PoliticalSystems , ns5:FormsOfGovernment . @prefix owl: . dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system owl:sameAs . @prefix foaf: . @prefix ns8: . dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system foaf:page ns8:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:reference . @prefix rdfs: . dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system rdfs:label "Semipresidentialismi"@fi , "Semipresidentialisme"@no , "Sistema semipresidencialista"@ca , "\u0421\u043C\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430"@ru , "Semipresidentialism"@sv , "\u534A\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u5236"@ja , "Poloprezidentsk\u00E1 republika"@cs , "Semipresidencialismo"@pt , "System semiprezydencki"@pl , "Republic\u0103 semi-preziden\u0163ial\u0103"@ro , "R\u00E9gime semi-pr\u00E9sidentiel"@fr , "Yar\u0131 ba\u015Fkanl\u0131k sistemi"@tr , "Semi-presidentieel systeem"@nl , "\u534A\u603B\u7EDF\u5236"@zh , "Semi-presidential system"@en , "Rep\u00FAblica semipresidencialista"@es , "Semipr\u00E4sidentielles Regierungssystem"@de , "Repubblica semipresidenziale"@it ; dbpedia-owl:thumbnail ; dbpprop:abstract "Als semipr\u00E4sidentielles Regierungssystem bezeichnet man ein Regierungssystem, das sowohl Elemente des Parlamentarismus als auch des Pr\u00E4sidialsystems aufweist. Der Begriff wurde 1970 von Maurice Duverger f\u00FCr das politische System Frankreichs unter der F\u00FCnften Republik eingef\u00FChrt. Sp\u00E4ter wurde der Begriff konzeptionell zur Bezeichnung von Mischformen erweitert."@de , "La rep\u00FAblica semipresidencialista es aquella en la cual el Presidente de la Rep\u00FAblica, elegido por sufragio, tiene ciertas competencias de gobierno. El Primer ministro es elegido por el Parlamento a petici\u00F3n del Presidente, y \u00E9ste responde de su responsabilidad ante el Parlamento. Por regla general, el Presidente de la Rep\u00FAblica centra sus funciones en la pol\u00EDtica exterior, mientras el primer ministro lo hace en pol\u00EDtica interior. En este sistema a veces hay cohabitaci\u00F3n. Estos periodos pueden acarrear una beneficiosa verificaci\u00F3n de la separaci\u00F3n de poderes o estar llenos de obstrucciones a causa de la dualidad del ejecutivo. Un ejemplo lo fue el sistema existente en Uruguay entre 1919 y 1933, en el cual coexist\u00EDan la figura del Presidente de la Rep\u00FAblica con el Consejo Nacional de Administraci\u00F3n."@es , "Fi\u015Fier:Forms of government. svg Legend\u0103 colorat\u0103 a formelor de guvern\u0103m\u00E2nt: Republic\u0103 preziden\u0163ial\u0103 \u015Fi republic\u0103 semi-preziden\u0163ial\u0103 cu galben. Click pe hart\u0103 pentru descriere amanun\u0163it\u0103. Republica semi-preziden\u0163ial\u0103 este o form\u0103 de guvarn\u0103m\u00E2nt \u00EEn care primul ministru \u015Fi pre\u015Fedintele sunt ambii participan\u0163i activi \u00EEn administra\u0163ia statului. Acest sistem difer\u0103 de republica parlamentar\u0103 prin faptul c\u0103 \u015Feful statului este ales prin vot universal, av\u00E2nd un rol mai mult dec\u00E2t protocolar. Iar diferen\u0163a fa\u0163\u0103 de republica preziden\u0163ial\u0103 este aceea c\u0103 guvernul, de\u015Fi numit de pre\u015Fedinte, este responsabil \u00EEn fa\u0163a Parlamentului, care \u00EEl poate de altfel \u015Fi demite printr-o mo\u0163iune de cenzur\u0103. Termenul de \"republic\u0103 semi-preziden\u0163ial\u0103\" a fost prima dat\u0103 folosit \u00EEn anul 1978 de c\u0103tre politologul Maurice Duverger pentru a descrie A Cincea Republic\u0103 Francez\u0103."@ro , "Ba\u015Fkanl\u0131k sistemi ile parlamenter sistemin kar\u0131\u015F\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00FCr\u00FCtme g\u00FCc\u00FC halk taraf\u0131ndan se\u00E7ilen devlet ba\u015Fkan\u0131 ile meclis g\u00FCvenine dayanan h\u00FCk\u00FCmet ba\u015Fkan\u0131 aras\u0131nda payla\u015F\u0131l\u0131r. Fiili olarak ise y\u00FCr\u00FCtmenin ba\u015F\u0131 devlet ba\u015Fkan\u0131d\u0131r."@tr , "Semipresidentialisme er en styreform som kombinerer trekk fra parlamentarisme og presidentstyre med en statsminister og en president som begge har betydelig ut\u00F8vende makt. Systemet skiller seg fra parlamentariske systemer ved at det har en president som er direkte valgt av folket og som har mer enn en ren seremoniell rolle. Samtidig skiller det seg fra et system med rent presidentstyre ved at statsministeren og regjeringen, som riktignok utnevnes av presidenten, er ansvarlig overfor den lovgivende makt, som kan tvinge regjeringen til \u00E5 ga av ved et mistillitsvotum. Maktfordelingen mellom de to delene av den ut\u00F8vende makten kan arte seg p\u00E5 forskjellig vis. Oftest er regjeringen ansvarlig for innenrikspolitikken, mens presidenten tar seg av utenriks- og sikkerhetspolitikken. Systemet kan variere fra land til land, i noen land har man en sterk president, som i Frankrike, Polen, og Russland, mens man i land som Finland, Litauen, Portugal, og Kroatia har en mer begrenset presidentmakt, slik at systemet her ligger n\u00E6rmere parlamentarisme. Semipresidentielle systemer opplever noen ganger perioder med s\u00E5kalt \u00ABsamboerskap\u00BB, der presidenten kommer fra et annet parti enn statsministeren og regjeringen. Dette kan skje siden de to delene av den ut\u00F8vende makten velges p\u00E5 forskjellig m\u00E5te og har forskjellig legitimitetsgrunnlag. Dette har skjedd blant annet i Frankrike, der presidenten ble tvunget til \u00E5 utpeke en statsminister fra et annet parti."@no , "The semi-presidential system, also known as the presidential-parliamentary system, or premier-presidential system, is a system of government in which a president and a prime minister are both active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has a popularly elected head of state who is more than a purely ceremonial figurehead. It differs from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a motion of no confidence. The term was first coined in a 1978 work by political scientist Maurice Duverger to describe the French Fifth Republic, which he dubbed a r\u00E9gime semi-pr\u00E9sidentiel."@en , "\u534A\u7E3D\u7D71\u5236\uFF0C\u53C8\u540D\u96D9\u9996\u9577\u5236\u3001\u6DF7\u5408\u5236\u3001\u8B70\u6703\u57F7\u653F\u5E9C\u5236\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u540C\u6642\u5177\u6709\u7E3D\u7D71\u5236\u548C\u8B70\u6703\u5236\u7279\u9EDE\u7684\u653F\u9AD4\u3002\u534A\u7E3D\u7D71\u5236\u7684\u7E3D\u7D71\u4F5C\u70BA\u570B\u5BB6\u5143\u9996\u638C\u63E1\u884C\u653F\u5927\u6B0A\uFF0C\u5167\u95A3\u6709\u76F8\u5C0D\u8F03\u7A69\u56FA\u7684\u5730\u4F4D\uFF0C\u570B\u6703\u6B0A\u529B\u76F8\u5C0D\u7E2E\u5C0F\u3002"@zh , "Het semi-presidentieel systeem is een regeringsvorm waarbij de minister-president en de president van een land beide actief participeren in het dagelijks bestuur van de staat. In dit systeem dient de regering (minister-president en ministers) verantwoording af te leggen aan de volksvertegenwoordiging en kan zij ook vallen, bijvoorbeeld door een motie van wantrouwen. Het is onderscheiden van de parlementaire republiek, zoals Duitsland, waarbij het verkozen staatshoofd een hoofdzakelijk ceremoni\u00EBle functie heeft, en van het presidentieel systeem, zoals de Verenigde Staten, waar de regering geen verantwoording dient af te leggen aan het parlement. De term werd voor het eerst gebruikt in 1978 door politicoloog Maurice Duverger in een beschrijving van de Vijfde Franse Republiek. Voorbeelden van landen met een semi-presidentieel systeem zijn Frankrijk, Rusland, Egypte, Pakistan, Ha\u00EFti, Sri Lanka en de Democratische Republiek Congo."@nl , "Semipresidentialismi toiselta nimelt\u00E4\u00E4n puolipresidentiaalinen j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4 on presidentialismin ja parlamentarismin v\u00E4limuoto. Semipresidentialismissa sek\u00E4 presidentti ett\u00E4 p\u00E4\u00E4ministeri ovat aktiivisia toimijoita p\u00E4iv\u00E4n politiikassa. Se eroaa parlamentarismista siin\u00E4 ett\u00E4 presidentti on muutakin kuin seremoniallinen p\u00E4\u00E4mies ilman valtaa ja presidentialismista siin\u00E4 ett\u00E4 p\u00E4\u00E4ministerijohtoisen hallituksen t\u00E4ytyy nauttia parlamentin luottamusta. My\u00F6s Suomen j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4 lasketaan yleens\u00E4 semipresidentiaaliseksi, vaikka kehitys on viime vuosina mennytkin kohti parlamentarismia."@fi , "Poloprezidentsk\u00E1 republika je forma republiky, kdy vl\u00E1da je odpov\u011Bdn\u00E1 parlamentu, ale prezident je volen\u00FD p\u0159\u00EDmo ob\u010Dany a m\u00E1 postaven\u00ED p\u0159esahuj\u00EDc\u00ED pravomoci prezidenta parlamentn\u00ED republiky. Prezident p\u0159edsed\u00E1 tak\u00E9 rad\u011B ministr\u016F."@cs , "\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Forms of government. svg \u9EC4\u304C\u5171\u548C\u5236\u3067\u534A\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u5236\u3092\u3068\u308B\u56FD \u534A\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u5236\uFF08\u306F\u3093\u3060\u3044\u3068\u3046\u308A\u3087\u3046\u305B\u3044\u3001Semi-presidential system\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u8B70\u9662\u5185\u95A3\u5236\u306E\u67A0\u7D44\u307F\u3092\u63A1\u308A\u306A\u304C\u3089\u3001\u3088\u308A\u6A29\u9650\u306E\u5927\u304D\u306A\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308B\u653F\u6CBB\u4F53\u5236\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja , "Semipresidentialism \u00E4r en blandform mellan parlamentarism och presidentialism. Systemet k\u00E4nnetecknas av att statschefen \u00E4r vald och innehar en betydande maktst\u00E4llning, samtidigt som en parlamentariskt ansvarig regering \u00E5terfinns."@sv , "Le r\u00E9gime semi-pr\u00E9sidentiel est une cat\u00E9gorie de r\u00E9gime politique th\u00E9oris\u00E9e par le juriste fran\u00E7ais Maurice Duverger comme pr\u00E9sentant des caract\u00E9ristiques mixtes de deux autres grandes cat\u00E9gories : le r\u00E9gime parlementaire, caract\u00E9ris\u00E9 par une s\u00E9paration des pouvoirs souple et par la responsabilit\u00E9 du gouvernement devant le parlement en contre-partie de pouvoirs du gouvernement sur le parlement, en particulier du droit de dissolution; et le r\u00E9gime pr\u00E9sidentiel, caract\u00E9ris\u00E9 par une s\u00E9paration stricte des pouvoirs, par l\u2019absence de responsabilit\u00E9 gouvernementale et par l\u2019absence du droit de dissolution. Il est d\u00E9fini par trois crit\u00E8res : Le chef d\u2019\u00C9tat est \u00E9lu au suffrage universel direct. Le chef d\u2019\u00C9tat a des pr\u00E9rogatives propres. Le gouvernement est responsable devant le parlement. Cette doctrine consiste donc \u00E0 rassembler sous une m\u00EAme cat\u00E9gorie tous les r\u00E9gimes dans lesquels le gouvernement est responsable devant le parlement et le chef d\u2019\u00C9tat \u00E9lu au suffrage universel direct, ce qui entra\u00EEne un partage de responsabilit\u00E9 entre le chef du gouvernement et le chef de l\u2019\u00C9tat, qui varie selon les pratiques. Cela regrouperait notamment les r\u00E9gimes de l\u2019Allemagne de 1919 \u00E0 1933, de la Finlande jusqu'\u00E0 la r\u00E9vision constitutionnelle de 2000, de la France sous la Cinqui\u00E8me R\u00E9publique, de l\u2019Islande, de l\u2019Irlande, de l\u2019Autriche, du Portugal, et de la plupart des pays europ\u00E9ens sortis du communisme dans les ann\u00E9es 1990. Les divergences pratiques entre les r\u00E9gimes concern\u00E9s sont tellement grandes, cependant, que cette typologie a \u00E9t\u00E9 critiqu\u00E9e, notamment sur les points suivants : La notion retient principalement le crit\u00E8re de l\u2019\u00E9lection du chef d\u2019\u00C9tat, alors que les r\u00E9gimes concern\u00E9s sont d\u2019abord des r\u00E9gimes parlementaires en raison de la responsabilit\u00E9 gouvernementale. Ces r\u00E9gimes ne constituent pas une cat\u00E9gorie homog\u00E8ne, puisque sont regroup\u00E9s : des r\u00E9gimes o\u00F9 le chef d\u2019\u00C9tat, bien qu\u2019\u00E9lu au suffrage universel direct, n\u2019a qu\u2019un pouvoir limit\u00E9, principalement de repr\u00E9sentation (Irlande, Islande, Autriche), et qui fonctionnent comme des r\u00E9gimes parlementaires monistes; des r\u00E9gimes o\u00F9 le chef d\u2019\u00C9tat \u00E9lu a des pr\u00E9rogatives significatives et n\u2019est pas effac\u00E9 (France sous la Cinqui\u00E8me R\u00E9publique hors cohabitations, Allemagne sous la r\u00E9publique de Weimar, Portugal sous la constitution de 1976, Finlande jusqu\u2019en de 2000). Le r\u00E9gime semi-pr\u00E9sidentiel serait donc une variante du r\u00E9gime parlementaire. Certains, comme Marie-Anne Cohendet, lui pr\u00E9f\u00E8rent le terme de \u00AB r\u00E9gime parlementaire birepr\u00E9sentatif \u00BB, la repr\u00E9sentation ayant lieu \u00E0 la fois par le chef du gouvernement et par le chef de l\u2019\u00C9tat. D\u2019autres constitutionnalistes, comme Jean Gicquel, Jean-Louis Quermonne ou encore Olivier Duhamel, ont \u00E9galement critiqu\u00E9 cette doctrine. En ce qui concerne la France apr\u00E8s 1962 hors cohabitation, on parle aussi de \u00AB r\u00E9gime parlementaire pr\u00E9sidentialis\u00E9 \u00BB ou de \u00AB lecture pr\u00E9sidentielle de la Constitution \u00BB."@fr , "El sistema semipresidencialista, semipresidencialisme, democr\u00E0cia semipresidencialista o rep\u00FAblica semipresidencial, \u00E9s un sistema d'organitzaci\u00F3 pol\u00EDtica parlament\u00E0ria en qu\u00E8 el primer ministre i el president s\u00F3n participants actius de les funcions di\u00E0ries del govern. Difereix del sistema parlamentari at\u00E8s que el president \u00E9s elegit per vot popular i no \u00E9s nom\u00E9s una figura representativa cerimonial. Per altra banda, difereix del sistema presidencialista at\u00E8s que existeix el concepte de primer ministre, el qual t\u00E9 responsabilitats davant de la branca legislativa del govern. Els poders el president i el primer ministre es divideixen de manera distinta a cada pa\u00EDs que utilitza aquesta forma d'organitzaci\u00F3 pol\u00EDtica. Per exemple, a Fran\u00E7a, el president n'\u00E9s responsable dels afers estrangers mentre que el primer ministre n'\u00E9s responsable dels afers nacionals. En aquest cas, per\u00F2, la divisi\u00F3 de poders entre el primer ministre i el president no s'esmenta a la constituci\u00F3, sin\u00F3 que ha evolucionat com a convenci\u00F3 pol\u00EDtica. Per contra, a Finl\u00E0ndia, el sistema pol\u00EDtic del qual emula el sistema franc\u00E8s, la divisi\u00F3 de poders \u00E9s clarament expressada a la constituci\u00F3: \"les pol\u00EDtiques estrangeres s\u00F3n encap\u00E7alades pel president en cooperaci\u00F3 amb el gabinet\". Els sistemes semipresidencialistes poden tenir per\u00EDodes de cohabitaci\u00F3, en qu\u00E8 el primer ministre i president s\u00F3n electes de manera separada i de partits rivals. Aix\u00F2 permet la creaci\u00F3 d'un sistema efectiu de verificaci\u00F3 i balan\u00E7, com\u00FA al sistema presidencialista. No obstant aix\u00F2, tamb\u00E9 pot crear una forta tensi\u00F3 pol\u00EDtica entre els dos partits en el poder. Algunes nacions amb sistemes semipresidencialistes s\u00F3n: Egipte, Finl\u00E0ndia, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, R\u00FAssia i Taiwan entre altres. \u00C0ustria i Irlanda, segons les seves constitucions, atorguen fins i tot m\u00E9s poders als presidents. No obstant aix\u00F2, els presidents, per tradici\u00F3, no els utilitzen, i funcionen de facto com a sistemes parlamentaris."@ca , "\u0421\u043C\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043F\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E-\u043F\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439) \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0443\u044E \u043D\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0437\u044F \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439, \u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439."@ru , "O semipresidencialismo (tamb\u00E9m chamado de sistema h\u00EDbrido de governo) \u00E9 um sistema de governo no qual o chefe de governo (geralmente com o t\u00EDtulo de primeiro-ministro) e o chefe de Estado (geralmente com o t\u00EDtulo de presidente) compartilham em alguma medida o poder executivo, participando, ambos, do cotidiano da administra\u00E7\u00E3o p\u00FAblica de um Estado. Difere do parlamentarismo por apresentar um chefe de Estado com prerrogativas que o tornam muito mais do que uma simples figura protocolar ou mediador pol\u00EDtico; difere, tamb\u00E9m, do presidencialismo por ter um chefe de governo com alguma medida de responsabilidade perante o legislativo. Num sistema semipresidencialista, a linha divis\u00F3ria entre os poderes do chefe de Estado e do chefe de governo varia consideravelmente de pa\u00EDs para pa\u00EDs. Na Fran\u00E7a, por exemplo, o presidente \u00E9 respons\u00E1vel pela pol\u00EDtica externa, e o primeiro-ministro, pela pol\u00EDtica interna. Naquele caso, a divis\u00E3o de poderes n\u00E3o \u00E9 explicitada na constitui\u00E7\u00E3o, mas evoluiu com a pr\u00E1tica pol\u00EDtica. Na Finl\u00E2ndia, por outro lado, este aspecto particular da divis\u00E3o de poderes \u00E9 expressamente prevista na constitui\u00E7\u00E3o: \"a pol\u00EDtica externa \u00E9 conduzida pelo presidente em coopera\u00E7\u00E3o com o gabinete\". Nos sistema semipresidencialistas, \u00E9 freq\u00FCente o fen\u00F4meno da \"coabita\u00E7\u00E3o\", no qual o chefe de governo e o chefe de Estado s\u00E3o eleitos separadamente e por partidos rivais, o que pode resultar num mecanismo efetivo de freios e contrapesos ou num per\u00EDodo de paralisia administrativa, a depender do comportamento das duas fac\u00E7\u00F5es pol\u00EDticas. S\u00E3o exemplos de pa\u00EDses que adotam o semipresidencialismo: Arg\u00E9lia Egito Finl\u00E2ndia Fran\u00E7a L\u00EDbano Litu\u00E2nia Mong\u00F3lia Paquist\u00E3o Portugal Rom\u00EAnia R\u00FAssia Sri Lanka Ucr\u00E2nia Taiwan"@pt , "System semiprezydencki (inaczej system p\u00F3\u0142prezydencki lub parlamentarno-prezydencki) \u2013 system polityczny, forma rz\u0105d\u00F3w po\u015Brednia mi\u0119dzy systemem parlamentarnym a prezydenckim, dzisiaj m. in. we Francji. Za jego tw\u00F3rc\u00F3w uznaje si\u0119 Charles'a de Gaulle'a i Georges'a Pompidou. Prezydent wybierany w wyborach powszechnych jest g\u0142ow\u0105 pa\u0144stwa. Okre\u015Bla kierunki polityki wewn\u0119trznej i zewn\u0119trznej pa\u0144stwa, jest zwierzchnikiem si\u0142 zbrojnych. Powo\u0142uje i odwo\u0142uje on tak\u017Ce premiera, a na jego wniosek powo\u0142uje ministr\u00F3w. W systemie semiprezydenckim rz\u0105d i poszczeg\u00F3lni jego cz\u0142onkowie ponosz\u0105 odpowiedzialno\u015B\u0107 przed parlamentem. W systemie tym s\u0105 trzy o\u015Brodki w\u0142adzy: parlament rz\u0105d prezydent Szczeg\u00F3ln\u0105 rol\u0119 odgrywa prezydent, gdy\u017C jest wybierany w wyborach powszechnych oraz odgrywa decyduj\u0105c\u0105 rol\u0119 w tworzeniu rz\u0105du. Mo\u017Ce on bowiem wydawa\u0107 dekrety, kt\u00F3re maj\u0105 moc ustawy. Wsp\u00F3\u0142cze\u015Bnie system semiprezydencki poza Francj\u0105 wyst\u0119puje m. in. w Portugalii, Grecji, Rumunii, Finlandii i Rosji; w ka\u017Cdym przypadku wykazuj\u0105c jednak charakterystyczne specyficzne cechy."@pl , "La repubblica semipresidenziale o semipresidenzialismo o \"a tendenza presidenziale\" \u00E8 una forma di governo. In una repubblica semipresidenziale, il governo si trova a dipendere dalla fiducia di due organi designati da due differenti consultazioni elettorali, il Presidente della Repubblica e il Parlamento. Il Primo Ministro viene perci\u00F2 nominato dal Presidente, ma necessita, insieme al resto del suo esecutivo, della fiducia parlamentare. Questa forma di governo \u00E8 caratterizzata dai seguenti punti: l'elezione del Presidente della Repubblica avviene con voto popolare distinto ed autonomo rispetto a quello del parlamento; il potere esecutivo \u00E8 condiviso con il Primo Ministro che per\u00F2 pu\u00F2 essere scelto e revocato dal capo di Stato; Il primo ministro ed il governo possono essere sfiduciati dal parlamento e revocati dal presidente; quest'ultimo non \u00E8 ovviamente sfiduciabile lo scioglimento del parlamento da parte del Presidente della Repubblica avviene nei limiti costituzionali. Il termine semipresidenzialismo, coniato nel 1978 dal politologo Maurice Duverger, pu\u00F2 trarre in inganno, in quanto tale forma di governo non \u00E8 semplicisticamente da intendersi come un presidenzialismo attenuato: mettendo da parte i periodi di coabitazione, in questo sistema il Capo dello Stato gode di alcuni poteri che non vengono invece accordati nel modello americano, come il diritto di consultazione popolare referendaria o l'iniziativa legislativa o lo scioglimento delle Camere. Gli obiettivi di questa forma di governo sono la diminuzione della rigidit\u00E0 del sistema presidenziale, senza i problemi legati alla partitocrazia che sovente sorgono quando non si raggiunge una maggioranza forte in un sistema parlamentarista. Questo sistema fa s\u00EC che il presidente abbia la possibilit\u00E0 di indirizzare politicamente il governo e di non essere solo un garante al di sopra delle parti."@it ; rdfs:comment "Fi\u015Fier:Forms of government. svg Legend\u0103 colorat\u0103 a formelor de guvern\u0103m\u00E2nt: Republic\u0103 preziden\u0163ial\u0103 \u015Fi republic\u0103 semi-preziden\u0163ial\u0103 cu galben. Click pe hart\u0103 pentru descriere amanun\u0163it\u0103. Republica semi-preziden\u0163ial\u0103 este o form\u0103 de guvarn\u0103m\u00E2nt \u00EEn care primul ministru \u015Fi pre\u015Fedintele sunt ambii participan\u0163i activi \u00EEn administra\u0163ia statului."@ro , "El sistema semipresidencialista, semipresidencialisme, democr\u00E0cia semipresidencialista o rep\u00FAblica semipresidencial, \u00E9s un sistema d'organitzaci\u00F3 pol\u00EDtica parlament\u00E0ria en qu\u00E8 el primer ministre i el president s\u00F3n participants actius de les funcions di\u00E0ries del govern. Difereix del sistema parlamentari at\u00E8s que el president \u00E9s elegit per vot popular i no \u00E9s nom\u00E9s una figura representativa cerimonial."@ca , "Als semipr\u00E4sidentielles Regierungssystem bezeichnet man ein Regierungssystem, das sowohl Elemente des Parlamentarismus als auch des Pr\u00E4sidialsystems aufweist. Der Begriff wurde 1970 von Maurice Duverger f\u00FCr das politische System Frankreichs unter der F\u00FCnften Republik eingef\u00FChrt. Sp\u00E4ter wurde der Begriff konzeptionell zur Bezeichnung von Mischformen erweitert."@de , "La rep\u00FAblica semipresidencialista es aquella en la cual el Presidente de la Rep\u00FAblica, elegido por sufragio, tiene ciertas competencias de gobierno. El Primer ministro es elegido por el Parlamento a petici\u00F3n del Presidente, y \u00E9ste responde de su responsabilidad ante el Parlamento. Por regla general, el Presidente de la Rep\u00FAblica centra sus funciones en la pol\u00EDtica exterior, mientras el primer ministro lo hace en pol\u00EDtica interior. En este sistema a veces hay cohabitaci\u00F3n."@es , "Ba\u015Fkanl\u0131k sistemi ile parlamenter sistemin kar\u0131\u015F\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00FCr\u00FCtme g\u00FCc\u00FC halk taraf\u0131ndan se\u00E7ilen devlet ba\u015Fkan\u0131 ile meclis g\u00FCvenine dayanan h\u00FCk\u00FCmet ba\u015Fkan\u0131 aras\u0131nda payla\u015F\u0131l\u0131r. Fiili olarak ise y\u00FCr\u00FCtmenin ba\u015F\u0131 devlet ba\u015Fkan\u0131d\u0131r."@tr , "Semipresidentialism \u00E4r en blandform mellan parlamentarism och presidentialism. Systemet k\u00E4nnetecknas av att statschefen \u00E4r vald och innehar en betydande maktst\u00E4llning, samtidigt som en parlamentariskt ansvarig regering \u00E5terfinns."@sv , "La repubblica semipresidenziale o semipresidenzialismo o \"a tendenza presidenziale\" \u00E8 una forma di governo. In una repubblica semipresidenziale, il governo si trova a dipendere dalla fiducia di due organi designati da due differenti consultazioni elettorali, il Presidente della Repubblica e il Parlamento. Il Primo Ministro viene perci\u00F2 nominato dal Presidente, ma necessita, insieme al resto del suo esecutivo, della fiducia parlamentare."@it , "The semi-presidential system, also known as the presidential-parliamentary system, or premier-presidential system, is a system of government in which a president and a prime minister are both active participants in the day-to-day administration of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has a popularly elected head of state who is more than a purely ceremonial figurehead."@en , "System semiprezydencki (inaczej system p\u00F3\u0142prezydencki lub parlamentarno-prezydencki) \u2013 system polityczny, forma rz\u0105d\u00F3w po\u015Brednia mi\u0119dzy systemem parlamentarnym a prezydenckim, dzisiaj m. in. we Francji. Za jego tw\u00F3rc\u00F3w uznaje si\u0119 Charles'a de Gaulle'a i Georges'a Pompidou. Prezydent wybierany w wyborach powszechnych jest g\u0142ow\u0105 pa\u0144stwa. Okre\u015Bla kierunki polityki wewn\u0119trznej i zewn\u0119trznej pa\u0144stwa, jest zwierzchnikiem si\u0142 zbrojnych."@pl , "\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Forms of government. svg \u9EC4\u304C\u5171\u548C\u5236\u3067\u534A\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u5236\u3092\u3068\u308B\u56FD \u534A\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u5236\uFF08\u306F\u3093\u3060\u3044\u3068\u3046\u308A\u3087\u3046\u305B\u3044\u3001Semi-presidential system\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u8B70\u9662\u5185\u95A3\u5236\u306E\u67A0\u7D44\u307F\u3092\u63A1\u308A\u306A\u304C\u3089\u3001\u3088\u308A\u6A29\u9650\u306E\u5927\u304D\u306A\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308B\u653F\u6CBB\u4F53\u5236\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja , "O semipresidencialismo (tamb\u00E9m chamado de sistema h\u00EDbrido de governo) \u00E9 um sistema de governo no qual o chefe de governo (geralmente com o t\u00EDtulo de primeiro-ministro) e o chefe de Estado (geralmente com o t\u00EDtulo de presidente) compartilham em alguma medida o poder executivo, participando, ambos, do cotidiano da administra\u00E7\u00E3o p\u00FAblica de um Estado."@pt , "\u534A\u7E3D\u7D71\u5236\uFF0C\u53C8\u540D\u96D9\u9996\u9577\u5236\u3001\u6DF7\u5408\u5236\u3001\u8B70\u6703\u57F7\u653F\u5E9C\u5236\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u540C\u6642\u5177\u6709\u7E3D\u7D71\u5236\u548C\u8B70\u6703\u5236\u7279\u9EDE\u7684\u653F\u9AD4\u3002\u534A\u7E3D\u7D71\u5236\u7684\u7E3D\u7D71\u4F5C\u70BA\u570B\u5BB6\u5143\u9996\u638C\u63E1\u884C\u653F\u5927\u6B0A\uFF0C\u5167\u95A3\u6709\u76F8\u5C0D\u8F03\u7A69\u56FA\u7684\u5730\u4F4D\uFF0C\u570B\u6703\u6B0A\u529B\u76F8\u5C0D\u7E2E\u5C0F\u3002"@zh , "Semipresidentialismi toiselta nimelt\u00E4\u00E4n puolipresidentiaalinen j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4 on presidentialismin ja parlamentarismin v\u00E4limuoto. Semipresidentialismissa sek\u00E4 presidentti ett\u00E4 p\u00E4\u00E4ministeri ovat aktiivisia toimijoita p\u00E4iv\u00E4n politiikassa. Se eroaa parlamentarismista siin\u00E4 ett\u00E4 presidentti on muutakin kuin seremoniallinen p\u00E4\u00E4mies ilman valtaa ja presidentialismista siin\u00E4 ett\u00E4 p\u00E4\u00E4ministerijohtoisen hallituksen t\u00E4ytyy nauttia parlamentin luottamusta."@fi , "Het semi-presidentieel systeem is een regeringsvorm waarbij de minister-president en de president van een land beide actief participeren in het dagelijks bestuur van de staat. In dit systeem dient de regering (minister-president en ministers) verantwoording af te leggen aan de volksvertegenwoordiging en kan zij ook vallen, bijvoorbeeld door een motie van wantrouwen."@nl , "Semipresidentialisme er en styreform som kombinerer trekk fra parlamentarisme og presidentstyre med en statsminister og en president som begge har betydelig ut\u00F8vende makt. Systemet skiller seg fra parlamentariske systemer ved at det har en president som er direkte valgt av folket og som har mer enn en ren seremoniell rolle."@no , "Poloprezidentsk\u00E1 republika je forma republiky, kdy vl\u00E1da je odpov\u011Bdn\u00E1 parlamentu, ale prezident je volen\u00FD p\u0159\u00EDmo ob\u010Dany a m\u00E1 postaven\u00ED p\u0159esahuj\u00EDc\u00ED pravomoci prezidenta parlamentn\u00ED republiky. Prezident p\u0159edsed\u00E1 tak\u00E9 rad\u011B ministr\u016F."@cs , ""@fr , "\u0421\u043C\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043F\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E-\u043F\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439) \u2014 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0443\u044E \u043D\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0437\u044F \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439, \u043D\u0438 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0439."@ru ; foaf:depiction . @prefix skos: . @prefix ns11: . dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system skos:subject ns11:Forms_of_government , ns11:Political_systems . @prefix ns12: . dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system dbpprop:hasPhotoCollection ns12:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Finland dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:footnote dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Pakistan dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Senegal dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Ukraine dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Zimbabwe dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Djibouti dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Republic_of_China dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; ns2:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system ; dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Semi-presidential dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Premier-presidential_system dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Semi-presidentialism dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Semi_presidential_system dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Semi-presidential_systems dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Semipresidential_system dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Semi-presidental_system dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Semi-presidential_republic dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Semi-Presidential_System dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . dbpedia:Semi-presidential_regime dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . @prefix ns13: . ns13:legend10 dbpprop:legendProperty dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . @prefix yago: . yago:Semi-presidential_system owl:sameAs dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system . @prefix ns15: . ns15:legend9 dbpprop:legendProperty dbpedia:Semi-presidential_system .