Respiratory system
Дыхательная система
Sistema respiratori
호흡계
Дихальна система
Apparato respiratorio
Appareil respiratoire
Arnas-aparatu
Αναπνευστικό σύστημα
Dýchací soustava
جهاز تنفسي
Spira sistemo
Atemtrakt
Sistema respiratório
Sistem pernapasan
呼吸系統
Respirationssystemet
Układ oddechowy
Aparato respiratorio
呼吸器
Ademhalingsstelsel
生物進行呼吸和氣體交換的系統
органски систем во телото
System vun den Organer déi fir d'Ootmung verantwortlech sinn
गैस विनिमय के लिए जानवरों और पौधों में जैविक प्रणाली
کۆئەندامی هەناسە
دستگاهی در بدن که وظیفه انجام عمل تنفس را برعهده دارد
מערכת בגופם של יצורים חיים המאפשרת העברת חמצן לתאי הגוף והוצאת דו תחמוצת הפחמן
sistema respiratório do homem
органы газообмена между кровью и воздухом
koma endamên ku ji bo alûgorkirin û guhaztina gazên oksîjen û karbona dîoksîdê kar dikin.
sistem pertukaran gas pada hewan dan tumbuhan
ensemble d'organes permettant la respiration
System der für die Atmung zuständigen Organe
biologisk system som innfører respirasjonsgassar i organismen og utfører gassutveksling
systeem waarmee een organisme respiratoire gassen uitwisselt met zijn omgeving
Sistemang biyolohikal ng mga hayop at halaman para sa palitan ng hangin
sistema biològic de qualsevol organisme que està implicat en l'acte de la respiració
struttura anatomica atta alla respirazione; permette gli scambi gassosi di ossigeno ed anidride carbonica attraverso l'emoglobina negli eritrociti del sangue secondo un processo chiamato ematosi
organsystem
system in an organism that exchanges respiratory gases
organa sistemo kiu ebligas animalon enspiri kaj elspiri
elinjärjestelmä
biologický systém výměny plynů u živočichů a rostlin
biolohiko a sistema a mangipan kadagiti angsen nga alingasaw iti kaunegan ken aramidenna ti panangisinnukat ti alingasaw.
جهاز التنفس
órganos que interveñen na respiración dos organismos aerobios
tata pacokol gas ḍâ kèbân bân tetombuân
conjunto de órganos encargado de captar oxígeno y eliminar el dióxido de carbono procedente del metabolismo celular de la vida y la muerte
tata pangijolan gas ing jero awak kéwan lan tuwuhan
Hayvanlarda ve bitkilerde gaz alışverişini sağlayan biyolojik sistem
vertical
horizontal
right
top
left
Mechanism of gas exchange
The "pump handle" and "bucket handle movements" of the ribs
Breathing
systema respiratorium
yes
collapsed
Anatomy
Fig. 11 A highly diagrammatic illustration of the process of gas exchange in the mammalian lungs, emphasizing the differences between the gas compositions of the ambient air, the alveolar air with which the pulmonary capillary blood equilibrates, and the blood gas tensions in the pulmonary arterial and venous blood . All the gas tensions are in kPa. To convert to mm Hg, multiply by 7.5.
Fig. 8 The muscles of forceful breathing . The color code is the same as on the left. In addition to a more forceful and extensive contraction of the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles are aided by the accessory muscles of inhalation to exaggerate the movement of the ribs upwards, causing a greater expansion of the rib cage. During exhalation, apart from the relaxation of the muscles of inhalation, the abdominal muscles actively contract to pull the lower edges of the rib cage downwards decreasing the volume of the rib cage, while at the same time pushing the diaphragm upwards deep into the thorax.
Fig. 7 The muscles of breathing at rest: inhalation on the left, exhalation on the right. Contracting muscles are shown in red; relaxed muscles in blue. Contraction of the diaphragm generally contributes the most to the expansion of the chest cavity . However, at the same time, the intercostal muscles pull the ribs upwards also causing the rib cage to expand during inhalation . The relaxation of all these muscles during exhalation causes the rib cage and abdomen to elastically return to their resting positions. Compare with Fig. 6, the MRI video of the chest movements during the breathing cycle.
Fig. 12 A diagrammatic histological cross-section through a portion of lung tissue showing a normally inflated alveolus , and its walls containing the pulmonary capillaries . This illustrates how the pulmonary capillary blood is completely surrounded by alveolar air. In a normal human lung, all the alveoli together contain about 3 liters of alveolar air. All the pulmonary capillaries contain about 100ml of blood.
Fig. 5 In this view of the rib cage the downward slope of the lower ribs from the midline outwards can be clearly seen. This allows a movement similar to the "pump handle effect", but in this case, it is called the bucket handle movement. The color of the ribs refers to their classification, and is not relevant here.
A complete, schematic view of the human respiratory system with their parts and functions
Fig. 4 The effect of the muscles of inhalation in expanding the rib cage. The particular action illustrated here is called the pump handle movement of the rib cage.
ribcage during inhalation.jpg
Forceful breathing.jpg
Gas exchange.jpg
Quiet breathing.jpg