Respiratory system
type: Q4936952
type: AnatomicalStructure
type: Thing
label: Дыхательная система @ru
label: Sistema respiratori @ca
label: 호흡계 @ko
label: Дихальна система @uk
label: Apparato respiratorio @it
label: Appareil respiratoire @fr
label: Arnas-aparatu @eu
label: Αναπνευστικό σύστημα @el
label: Dýchací soustava @cs
label: جهاز تنفسي @ar
label: Spira sistemo @eo
label: Atemtrakt @de
label: Sistema respiratório @pt
label: Sistem pernapasan @in
label: 呼吸系統 @zh
label: Respirationssystemet @sv
label: Układ oddechowy @pl
label: Aparato respiratorio @es
label: 呼吸器 @ja
label: Ademhalingsstelsel @nl
subject: Category:Respiratory system
subject: Category:Articles containing video clips
hypernym: System
description: 生物進行呼吸和氣體交換的系統 @zh
description: органски систем во телото @mk
description: System vun den Organer déi fir d'Ootmung verantwortlech sinn @lb
description: गैस विनिमय के लिए जानवरों और पौधों में जैविक प्रणाली @hi
description: کۆئەندامی هەناسە @ckb
description: دستگاهی در بدن که وظیفه انجام عمل تنفس را برعهده دارد @fa
description: מערכת בגופם של יצורים חיים המאפשרת העברת חמצן לתאי הגוף והוצאת דו תחמוצת הפחמן @iw
description: sistema respiratório do homem @pt
description: органы газообмена между кровью и воздухом @ru
description: koma endamên ku ji bo alûgorkirin û guhaztina gazên oksîjen û karbona dîoksîdê kar dikin. @ku
description: sistem pertukaran gas pada hewan dan tumbuhan @in
description: ensemble d'organes permettant la respiration @fr
description: System der für die Atmung zuständigen Organe @de
description: biologisk system som innfører respirasjonsgassar i organismen og utfører gassutveksling @nn
description: systeem waarmee een organisme respiratoire gassen uitwisselt met zijn omgeving @nl
description: Sistemang biyolohikal ng mga hayop at halaman para sa palitan ng hangin @tl
description: sistema biològic de qualsevol organisme que està implicat en l'acte de la respiració @ca
description: struttura anatomica atta alla respirazione; permette gli scambi gassosi di ossigeno ed anidride carbonica attraverso l'emoglobina negli eritrociti del sangue secondo un processo chiamato ematosi @it
description: organsystem @sv
description: system in an organism that exchanges respiratory gases
description: organa sistemo kiu ebligas animalon enspiri kaj elspiri @eo
description: elinjärjestelmä @fi
description: biologický systém výměny plynů u živočichů a rostlin @cs
description: biolohiko a sistema a mangipan kadagiti angsen nga alingasaw iti kaunegan ken aramidenna ti panangisinnukat ti alingasaw. @ilo
description: جهاز التنفس @ar
description: órganos que interveñen na respiración dos organismos aerobios @gl
description: tata pacokol gas ḍâ kèbân bân tetombuân @mad
description: conjunto de órganos encargado de captar oxígeno y eliminar el dióxido de carbono procedente del metabolismo celular de la vida y la muerte @es
description: tata pangijolan gas ing jero awak kéwan lan tuwuhan @jv
description: Hayvanlarda ve bitkilerde gaz alışverişini sağlayan biyolojik sistem @tr
direction: vertical
direction: horizontal
align: right
align: top
align: left
header: Mechanism of gas exchange
header: The "pump handle" and "bucket handle movements" of the ribs
header: Breathing
latin: systema respiratorium
label: Respiratory system
about: yes
onlinebooks: no
latin name: systema respiratorium
width: 200
width: 250
state: collapsed
title: Anatomy
others: no
caption: Fig. 11 A highly diagrammatic illustration of the process of gas exchange in the mammalian lungs, emphasizing the differences between the gas compositions of the ambient air, the alveolar air with which the pulmonary capillary blood equilibrates, and the blood gas tensions in the pulmonary arterial and venous blood . All the gas tensions are in kPa. To convert to mm Hg, multiply by 7.5.
caption: Fig. 8 The muscles of forceful breathing . The color code is the same as on the left. In addition to a more forceful and extensive contraction of the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles are aided by the accessory muscles of inhalation to exaggerate the movement of the ribs upwards, causing a greater expansion of the rib cage. During exhalation, apart from the relaxation of the muscles of inhalation, the abdominal muscles actively contract to pull the lower edges of the rib cage downwards decreasing the volume of the rib cage, while at the same time pushing the diaphragm upwards deep into the thorax.
caption: Fig. 7 The muscles of breathing at rest: inhalation on the left, exhalation on the right. Contracting muscles are shown in red; relaxed muscles in blue. Contraction of the diaphragm generally contributes the most to the expansion of the chest cavity . However, at the same time, the intercostal muscles pull the ribs upwards also causing the rib cage to expand during inhalation . The relaxation of all these muscles during exhalation causes the rib cage and abdomen to elastically return to their resting positions. Compare with Fig. 6, the MRI video of the chest movements during the breathing cycle.
caption: Fig. 12 A diagrammatic histological cross-section through a portion of lung tissue showing a normally inflated alveolus , and its walls containing the pulmonary capillaries . This illustrates how the pulmonary capillary blood is completely surrounded by alveolar air. In a normal human lung, all the alveoli together contain about 3 liters of alveolar air. All the pulmonary capillaries contain about 100ml of blood.
caption: Fig. 5 In this view of the rib cage the downward slope of the lower ribs from the midline outwards can be clearly seen. This allows a movement similar to the "pump handle effect", but in this case, it is called the bucket handle movement. The color of the ribs refers to their classification, and is not relevant here.