@prefix dbo: . @prefix dbr: . dbr:ROAR_Magazine dbo:genre dbr:Politics . @prefix ns2: . ns2:_Sappho_Goes_to_Hollywood dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Senerat_Gunewardene dbo:occupation dbr:Politics . dbr:Jacqueline_Mbabazi dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . @prefix dbp: . dbp:subject dbr:Politics . dbp:topics dbr:Politics . dbr:Sain_Kamal_Khan_Sherani dbp:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Maulana_Shams-ud-din_Harifal dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Hamid_Khan_Achakzai dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Abdul_Samad_Khan_Achakzai dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Hum_Sub_Umeed_Se_Hain dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbr:Geo_Cartoon dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbr:Syed_Muhammad_Kaswar_Gardezi dbo:mainInterest dbr:Politics . @prefix dc: . dbr:Hassan_Nisar dc:subject dbr:Politics . dbo:mainInterest dbr:Politics . dbr:Vito_Fazzi dbo:field dbr:Politics . dbo:ideology dbr:Politics . @prefix ns5: . dbr:The_David_Pakman_Show ns5:hypernym dbr:Politics . dbr:Alternative_Right dbo:type dbr:Politics . 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dbr:Nicolas_Sarkozy_Voodoo_Manual dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:Steve_Punt dbp:subject dbr:Politics . dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Canada_Party dbo:ideology dbr:Politics . dbr:NVA_Entertainment dbo:occupation dbr:Politics . dbr:Personal_Democracy_Forum ns5:hypernym dbr:Politics . dbr:Franz_Eher_Nachfolger dbp:topics dbr:Politics . dbo:profession dbr:Politics . dbr:Aggrey_Awori dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Unfriendly_Fire dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Strange_Death_of_Tory_England dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Secret_Life_of_Bill_Clinton dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . @prefix ns9: . ns9:_A_Manifesto dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:America_Alone dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:End_the_Fed dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:Lords_of_the_Levee dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Defining_Moment dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:Raising_My_Voice dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Lincoln_Unmasked dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:Taking_a_Stand dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:A_History_of_Money_and_Banking_in_the_United_States dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . @prefix ns10: . ns10:_Writers_in_the_Public_Sphere dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Tea_Party_Goes_to_Washington dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . @prefix ns11: . ns11:_How_Britain_is_Creating_a_Terror_State_Within dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Richard_Todwong dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Anna_Politkovskaya dc:subject dbr:Politics . dbr:Yuri_Galanskov dc:subject dbr:Politics . dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Durai_Vaiyapuri dbo:occupation dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Great_Shark_Hunt dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Songs_of_the_Doomed dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Reputasyon dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbr:CounterPunch dbo:genre dbr:Politics . @prefix foaf: . @prefix wikipedia-en: . wikipedia-en:Politics foaf:primaryTopic dbr:Politics . dc:subject dbr:Politics . dbr:Vernon_Chatman dbp:subject dbr:Politics . dbr:Chris_Rock dbp:subject dbr:Politics . dbr:Color_of_Change dbp:focus dbr:Politics . dbr:Saad_Haroon dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbo:mainInterest dbr:Politics . dbr:William_of_Ockham dbo:mainInterest dbr:Politics . dbr:Judaism_and_politics rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Politics . dbr:Pedro_Nolasco_Vergara_Albano dbo:occupation dbr:Politics . dc:subject dbr:Politics . dbr:Bruno_Leoni dbo:mainInterest dbr:Politics . dbr:Costanzo_Preve dbo:mainInterest dbr:Politics . dbr:Ugo_La_Malfa dbo:profession dbr:Politics . dbr:Writings_of_Cicero dc:subject dbr:Politics . dbr:Guido_Baccelli dbo:field dbr:Politics . dbr:Personal_life_of_Cicero dc:subject dbr:Politics . dbr:Political_career_of_Cicero dc:subject dbr:Politics . dbr:Leone_Wollemborg dbo:occupation dbr:Politics . dbr:Cicero dbp:subject dbr:Politics . dbr:Dahil_Sa_Pag-ibig dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbr:Social_Coalition dbp:fields dbr:Politics . dbr:Frithjof_Bergmann dbo:mainInterest dbr:Politics . dbr:Urban_Tibamanya dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Sam_Kutesa dbp:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Sam_Cheptoris dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Eriya_Kategaya dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:James_Kakooza dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Real_Lincoln dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Terrible_Truth_About_Liberals dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Rich_and_the_Rest_of_Us dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:Gifts_of_Deceit dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Clouds_Blur_the_Rainbow dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Idea_of_India dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Congressional_Digest dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Price_of_Loyalty dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Charles_Marx dbo:field dbr:Politics . dbr:Michael_Moore_Is_a_Big_Fat_Stupid_White_Man dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Road_to_Serfdom dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Ali_Askari dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:A_Foreign_Policy_of_Freedom dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics ; dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Stephen_Mallinga dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Welcome_to_Obamaland dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Slovenska_smer dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:Baltasar_Lopes_da_Silva dbo:mainInterest dbr:Politics . dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbo:literaryGenre dbr:Politics . dbr:Generation_of_Swine dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Politics . dbr:Journal_of_Diplomacy_and_International_Relations dbo:academicDiscipline dbr:Politics . dbr:Brooklyn rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Politics . dbo:field dbr:Politics . @prefix rdf: . @prefix owl: . dbr:Politics rdf:type owl:Thing , dbo:Company ; rdfs:label "Polityka"@pl , "\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629"@ar , "Politica"@it , "Politique"@fr , "\u041F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430"@ru , "\u653F\u6CBB"@zh , "Pol\u00EDtica"@es , "Politiek"@nl , "\u653F\u6CBB"@ja , "Politik"@de , "Politics"@en , "Pol\u00EDtica"@pt ; rdfs:comment "Polityka (z gr. poly: mnogo\u015B\u0107, r\u00F3\u017Cnorodno\u015B\u0107; polis - miasto-pa\u0144stwo) \u2013 poj\u0119cie w\u0142a\u015Bciwe naukom spo\u0142ecznym, rozumiane na wiele sposob\u00F3w. U Arystotelesa jest rozumiana jako rodzaj sztuki rz\u0105dzenia pa\u0144stwem, kt\u00F3rej celem jest dobro wsp\u00F3lne. W staro\u017Cytno\u015Bci i \u015Bredniowieczu dominowa\u0142a idealizacja polityki i polityk\u00F3w oraz wywodzenie jej \u017Ar\u00F3de\u0142 z praw natury b\u0105d\u017A woli si\u0142 nadprzyrodzonych, s\u0142u\u017C\u0105ca uzasadnianiu nier\u00F3wnoprawnych podzia\u0142\u00F3w na uprzywilejowanych rz\u0105dz\u0105cych i podporz\u0105dkowanych ich interesom poddanych."@pl , "Il termine politica (dal greco \"\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B9\u03C2\" \"politik\u1E17\", polis, che significa citt\u00E0 e \"t\u00E9khn\u0113\" ovvero \"arte di governare\", der. di pol\u00EDt\u0113s \"cittadino\", per estensione \u00E8 l'arte del governare la citt\u00E0), viene utilizzato in riferimento all'attivit\u00E0 ed alle modalit\u00E0 di governo, od anche, nel lessico politico, alla cosiddetta attivit\u00E0 di opposizione. Pu\u00F2 riferirsi a Unioni, Confederazioni, Stati oppure a entit\u00E0 locali e territoriali pi\u00F9 circoscritte come regioni e comuni: in questi ultimi casi l'azione di governo \u00E8 detta pi\u00F9 propriamente amministrazione locale."@it , "La pol\u00EDtica (< lat\u00EDn polit\u012Dcus < griego antiguo \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 politik\u00F3s, masculino de \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE politik\u1E17 [\u2018de, para o relativo a los ciudadanos\u2019]) es el arte, doctrina u opini\u00F3n referente al gobierno de los Estados. Constituye una rama de las ciencias sociales que se ocupa de la actividad, en virtud de la cual una sociedad libre, compuesta por personas libres, resuelve los problemas que le plantea su convivencia colectiva. Es un quehacer ordenado al bien com\u00FAn."@es , "Pol\u00EDtica (do Grego: \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 / politikos, significa \"de, para, ou relacionado a grupos que integram a P\u00F3lis\") denomina-se a arte ou ci\u00EAncia da organiza\u00E7\u00E3o, dire\u00E7\u00E3o e administra\u00E7\u00E3o de na\u00E7\u00F5es ou Estados; a aplica\u00E7\u00E3o desta ci\u00EAncia aos assuntos internos da na\u00E7\u00E3o (pol\u00EDtica interna) ou aos assuntos externos (pol\u00EDtica externa). Nos regimes democr\u00E1ticos, a ci\u00EAncia pol\u00EDtica \u00E9 a atividade dos cidad\u00E3os que se ocupam dos assuntos p\u00FAblicos com seu voto ou com sua milit\u00E2ncia. O livro de Plat\u00E3o traduzido como \"A Rep\u00FAblica\" \u00E9, no original, intitulado \"\u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\" (Polite\u00EDa)."@pt , "Politics (from Greek: \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 politikos, definition \"of, for, or relating to citizens\") is the process of making decisions applying to all members of each group. More narrowly, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance \u2014 organized control over a human community, particularly a state. Furthermore, politics is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (a usually hierarchically organized population) as well as the interrelationship(s) between communities."@en , "Politiek is de wijze waarop in een samenleving de belangentegenstellingen van groepen en individuen tot hun recht komen - meestal op basis van onderhandelingen - op de verschillende bestuurlijke en maatschappelijke niveaus. Waar de scheidslijn loopt tussen het politieke en het ethische en sociale is een vraag waar veel verschil van mening over bestaat. De meeste wetenschappers erkennen dat er sprake moet zijn van enig potentieel tot het gebruik van macht of geweld om een vraagstuk als politiek te bestempelen \u2014 bij het beslissen van een politiek conflict is meestal sprake van een verplaatsing van macht van de ene groep of persoon naar een andere groep of persoon."@nl , "\u653F\u6CBB\u662F\u5404\u79CD\u56E2\u9AD4\u8FDB\u884C\u96C6\u4F53\u51B3\u7B56\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u8FC7\u7A0B\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F\u5404\u79CD\u56E2\u9AD4\u6216\u4E2A\u4EBA\u4E3A\u4E86\u5404\u81EA\u7684\u9818\u57DF\u6240\u7ED3\u6210\u7684\u7279\u5B9A\u5173\u7CFB\uFF0C\u5C24\u6307\u5C0D\u65BC\u67D0\u4E00\u653F\u6CBB\u5BE6\u9AD4\u7684\u7D71\u6CBB\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u7D71\u6CBB\u4E00\u500B\u570B\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4EA6\u6307\u5C0D\u65BC\u4E00\u570B\u5167\u5916\u4E8B\u52D9\u4E4B\u76E3\u7763\u8207\u7BA1\u5236\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u6765\u8BF4\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E2A\u8BCD\u591A\u7528\u6765\u6307\u653F\u5E9C\u3001\u653F\u515A\u7B49\u6CBB\u7406\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u884C\u4E3A\u3002\u7136\u800C\u793E\u4F1A\u5B66\u5BB6\u4E5F\u7528\u6765\u6307\u6D89\u5305\u62EC\u5404\u79CD\u5229\u76CA\u673A\u6784\u3001\u5B66\u6821\u3001\u5B97\u6559\u673A\u6784\u5728\u5185\u7684\u76F8\u4E92\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u5173\u7CFB\u3002 \u4ECE\u4EBA\u7C7B\u793E\u4F1A\u5B66\u6765\u8BB2\uFF0C\u653F\u6CBB\u662F\u4EBA\u7C7B\u793E\u4F1A\u4E2D\u5B58\u5728\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u975E\u5E38\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u73B0\u8C61\uFF0C\u5B83\u5F71\u54CD\u5230\u4EBA\u7C7B\u751F\u6D3B\u7684\u5404\u4E2A\u65B9\u9762\u3002\u8FD9\u4E2A\u793E\u4F1A\u73B0\u8C61\u975E\u5E38\u590D\u6742\uFF0C\u56E0\u800C\u5728\u4E0D\u540C\u5386\u53F2\u65F6\u671F\u3001\u4E0D\u540C\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4E0D\u540C\u8BED\u8A00\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u4ECE\u4E0D\u540C\u5B66\u79D1\u89D2\u5EA6\uFF0C\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u5B66\u8005\u5BF9\u4ED6\u7684\u8BBA\u8FF0\u4E5F\u4E0D\u76F8\u540C\u3002\u800C\u4E14\u653F\u6CBB\u5185\u6DB5\u7684\u672C\u8EAB\u4E5F\u5728\u4E0D\u65AD\u7684\u53D8\u5316\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u5BF9\u653F\u6CBB\u7684\u9610\u91CA\u4E5F\u5145\u6EE1\u4E86\u4E89\u8BAE\uFF0C\u59CB\u7EC8\u6CA1\u6709\u4E00\u4E2A\u786E\u5207\u516C\u8BA4\u7684\u5B9A\u4E49\u3002 \u653F\u6CBB\u5B66\u662F\u4E13\u95E8\u4EE5\u653F\u6CBB\u4E3A\u7814\u7A76\u5BF9\u8C61\u7684\u4E00\u95E8\u793E\u4F1A\u79D1\u5B66\uFF0C\u7814\u7A76\u653F\u6CBB\u884C\u4E3A\u7684\u7406\u8BBA\u548C\u8003\u5BDF\u6743\u529B\u7684\u83B7\u5F97\u4E0E\u884C\u4F7F\u3002"@zh , "\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062F\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064A\u062F\u0647\u060C \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0650\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062D\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062F \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0633\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A \u064A\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0631\u0639\u064A\u062A\u0647\u060C \u0648\u0633\u064F\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064C \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064A \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u061B \u0623\u064A: \u0643\u064F\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0641 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062F\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062F\u064A: \u0648\u0633\u0633\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0623\u0645\u0631\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u064A\u062A\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0645\u0623\u062E\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \"\u0633\u0627\u0633\"\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0623\u062E\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062D\u0652\u0648\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \"\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0633\"\u061B \u0623\u064A: \u0625\u0646\u064E\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0648\u064A\u064E\u0651\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u064E\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0633\u0637\u064A\u060C \u0645\u064F\u0648\u0631\u062F\u064B\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u062A \"\u0641\u064E\u0639\u064E\u0644\u064E\" \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064B\u0627\u060C \u0648\"\u0641\u064E\u0639\u064E\u0644\u064E\" \u0645\u0639\u062A\u0644\u0627\u064B\u0651."@ar , "\u041F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u0434\u0440.-\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u00AB\u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u00BB) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044F \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u044B \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043C\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438."@ru , "Politik bezeichnet die Regelung der Angelegenheiten eines Gemeinwesens durch verbindliche Entscheidungen. Sehr allgemein kann jegliche Einflussnahme, Gestaltung und Durchsetzung von Forderungen und Zielen in privaten oder \u00F6ffentlichen Bereichen als Politik bezeichnet werden. Zumeist bezieht sich der Begriff nicht auf das Private, sondern auf die \u00D6ffentlichkeit und das Gemeinwesen im Ganzen. Dann k\u00F6nnen das \u00F6ffentliche Leben der B\u00FCrger, Handlungen und Bestrebungen zur F\u00FChrung des Gemeinwesens nach innen und au\u00DFen sowie Willensbildung und Entscheidungsfindung \u00FCber Angelegenheiten des Gemeinwesens als Politik beschrieben werden. Im engeren Sinne bezeichnet Politik die Strukturen (Polity), Prozesse (Politics) und Inhalte (Policy) zur Steuerung politischer Einheiten, zumeist Staaten, nach innen"@de , "Notion polys\u00E9mique, la politique recouvre : \n* la politique en son sens plus large, celui de civilit\u00E9 ou Politikos, indique le cadre g\u00E9n\u00E9ral d'une soci\u00E9t\u00E9 organis\u00E9e et d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e ; \n* plus pr\u00E9cis\u00E9ment, la politique, au sens de Politeia, renvoie \u00E0 la constitution et concerne donc la structure et le fonctionnement (m\u00E9thodique, th\u00E9orique et pratique) d'une communaut\u00E9, d'une soci\u00E9t\u00E9, d'un groupe social. La politique porte sur les actions, l\u2019\u00E9quilibre, le d\u00E9veloppement interne ou externe de cette soci\u00E9t\u00E9, ses rapports internes et ses rapports \u00E0 d'autres ensembles. La politique est donc principalement ce qui a trait au collectif, \u00E0 une somme d'individualit\u00E9s et/ou de multiplicit\u00E9s. C'est dans cette optique que les \u00E9tudes politiques ou la science politique s'\u00E9largissent \u00E0 tous les domaines d'un"@fr , "\u672C\u8A18\u4E8B\u3067\u306F\u653F\u6CBB\uFF08\u305B\u3044\u3058,\u82F1: Politics\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u4F55\u304B\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89E3\u8AAC\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304F\u3002"@ja . @prefix wikidata: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs wikidata:Q7163 , , . @prefix dbpedia-fr: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs dbpedia-fr:Politique , dbr:Politics , . @prefix dbpedia-id: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs dbpedia-id:Politik . @prefix dbpedia-nl: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs dbpedia-nl:Politiek . @prefix dbpedia-it: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs dbpedia-it:Politica , . @prefix dbpedia-de: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs dbpedia-de:Politik , . @prefix dbpedia-cs: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs dbpedia-cs:Politika , . @prefix ns23: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs ns23:id . @prefix dbpedia-wikidata: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs dbpedia-wikidata:Q7163 , . @prefix dbpedia-pl: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs dbpedia-pl:Polityka . @prefix dbpedia-eu: . dbr:Politics owl:sameAs dbpedia-eu:Politika . @prefix dct: . @prefix dbc: . dbr:Politics dct:subject dbc:Politics ; foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Politics . @prefix skos: . @prefix ns30: . dbr:Politics skos:closeMatch ns30:politics , ns30:politics-and-international-relations ; dbp:s "yes"^^rdf:langString . @prefix prov: . dbr:Politics prov:wasDerivedFrom ; dbp:sSearch "Category:Politics"^^rdf:langString ; dbp:dSearch "Q7163"^^rdf:langString ; dbo:abstract "\u653F\u6CBB\u662F\u5404\u79CD\u56E2\u9AD4\u8FDB\u884C\u96C6\u4F53\u51B3\u7B56\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u8FC7\u7A0B\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F\u5404\u79CD\u56E2\u9AD4\u6216\u4E2A\u4EBA\u4E3A\u4E86\u5404\u81EA\u7684\u9818\u57DF\u6240\u7ED3\u6210\u7684\u7279\u5B9A\u5173\u7CFB\uFF0C\u5C24\u6307\u5C0D\u65BC\u67D0\u4E00\u653F\u6CBB\u5BE6\u9AD4\u7684\u7D71\u6CBB\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u7D71\u6CBB\u4E00\u500B\u570B\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4EA6\u6307\u5C0D\u65BC\u4E00\u570B\u5167\u5916\u4E8B\u52D9\u4E4B\u76E3\u7763\u8207\u7BA1\u5236\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u6765\u8BF4\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E2A\u8BCD\u591A\u7528\u6765\u6307\u653F\u5E9C\u3001\u653F\u515A\u7B49\u6CBB\u7406\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u884C\u4E3A\u3002\u7136\u800C\u793E\u4F1A\u5B66\u5BB6\u4E5F\u7528\u6765\u6307\u6D89\u5305\u62EC\u5404\u79CD\u5229\u76CA\u673A\u6784\u3001\u5B66\u6821\u3001\u5B97\u6559\u673A\u6784\u5728\u5185\u7684\u76F8\u4E92\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u5173\u7CFB\u3002 \u4ECE\u4EBA\u7C7B\u793E\u4F1A\u5B66\u6765\u8BB2\uFF0C\u653F\u6CBB\u662F\u4EBA\u7C7B\u793E\u4F1A\u4E2D\u5B58\u5728\u7684\u4E00\u79CD\u975E\u5E38\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u793E\u4F1A\u73B0\u8C61\uFF0C\u5B83\u5F71\u54CD\u5230\u4EBA\u7C7B\u751F\u6D3B\u7684\u5404\u4E2A\u65B9\u9762\u3002\u8FD9\u4E2A\u793E\u4F1A\u73B0\u8C61\u975E\u5E38\u590D\u6742\uFF0C\u56E0\u800C\u5728\u4E0D\u540C\u5386\u53F2\u65F6\u671F\u3001\u4E0D\u540C\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4E0D\u540C\u8BED\u8A00\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u4ECE\u4E0D\u540C\u5B66\u79D1\u89D2\u5EA6\uFF0C\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u5B66\u8005\u5BF9\u4ED6\u7684\u8BBA\u8FF0\u4E5F\u4E0D\u76F8\u540C\u3002\u800C\u4E14\u653F\u6CBB\u5185\u6DB5\u7684\u672C\u8EAB\u4E5F\u5728\u4E0D\u65AD\u7684\u53D8\u5316\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u5BF9\u653F\u6CBB\u7684\u9610\u91CA\u4E5F\u5145\u6EE1\u4E86\u4E89\u8BAE\uFF0C\u59CB\u7EC8\u6CA1\u6709\u4E00\u4E2A\u786E\u5207\u516C\u8BA4\u7684\u5B9A\u4E49\u3002 \u653F\u6CBB\u5B66\u662F\u4E13\u95E8\u4EE5\u653F\u6CBB\u4E3A\u7814\u7A76\u5BF9\u8C61\u7684\u4E00\u95E8\u793E\u4F1A\u79D1\u5B66\uFF0C\u7814\u7A76\u653F\u6CBB\u884C\u4E3A\u7684\u7406\u8BBA\u548C\u8003\u5BDF\u6743\u529B\u7684\u83B7\u5F97\u4E0E\u884C\u4F7F\u3002"@zh , "Politics (from Greek: \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 politikos, definition \"of, for, or relating to citizens\") is the process of making decisions applying to all members of each group. More narrowly, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance \u2014 organized control over a human community, particularly a state. Furthermore, politics is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (a usually hierarchically organized population) as well as the interrelationship(s) between communities. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting or forcing one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising force, including warfare against adversaries. Politics is exercised on a wide range of social levels, from clans and tribes of traditional societies, through modern local governments, companies and institutions up to sovereign states, to the international level. It is very often said that politics is about power. A political system is a framework which defines acceptable political methods within a given society. History of political thought can be traced back to early antiquity, with seminal works such as Plato's Republic, Aristotle's Politics and the works of Confucius. Formal Politics refers to the operation of a constitutional system of government and publicly defined institutions and procedures. Political parties, public policy or discussions about war and foreign affairs would fall under the category of Formal Politics. Many people view formal politics as something outside of themselves, but that can still affect their daily lives. Informal Politics is understood as forming alliances, exercising power and protecting and advancing particular ideas or goals. Generally, this includes anything affecting one's daily life, such as the way an office or household is managed, or how one person or group exercises influence over another. Informal Politics is typically understood as everyday politics, hence the idea that \"politics is everywhere\"."@en , "\u041F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u0434\u0440.-\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u00AB\u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u00BB) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044F \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u044B \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043C\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438."@ru , "Politik bezeichnet die Regelung der Angelegenheiten eines Gemeinwesens durch verbindliche Entscheidungen. Sehr allgemein kann jegliche Einflussnahme, Gestaltung und Durchsetzung von Forderungen und Zielen in privaten oder \u00F6ffentlichen Bereichen als Politik bezeichnet werden. Zumeist bezieht sich der Begriff nicht auf das Private, sondern auf die \u00D6ffentlichkeit und das Gemeinwesen im Ganzen. Dann k\u00F6nnen das \u00F6ffentliche Leben der B\u00FCrger, Handlungen und Bestrebungen zur F\u00FChrung des Gemeinwesens nach innen und au\u00DFen sowie Willensbildung und Entscheidungsfindung \u00FCber Angelegenheiten des Gemeinwesens als Politik beschrieben werden. Im engeren Sinne bezeichnet Politik die Strukturen (Polity), Prozesse (Politics) und Inhalte (Policy) zur Steuerung politischer Einheiten, zumeist Staaten, nach innen und ihrer Beziehungen zueinander. In der Politikwissenschaft hat sich allgemein die \u00DCberzeugung durchgesetzt, dass Politik \u201Edie Gesamtheit aller Interaktionen definiert, die auf die autoritative [durch eine anerkannte Gewalt allgemein verbindliche] Verteilung von Werten [materielle wie Geld oder nicht-materielle wie Demokratie] abzielen\u201C.Politisches Handeln kann durch folgenden Merksatz charakterisiert werden: \u201ESoziales Handeln, das auf Entscheidungen und Steuerungsmechanismen ausgerichtet ist, die allgemein verbindlich sind und das Zusammenleben von Menschen regeln\u201C."@de , "Il termine politica (dal greco \"\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03B9\u03C2\" \"politik\u1E17\", polis, che significa citt\u00E0 e \"t\u00E9khn\u0113\" ovvero \"arte di governare\", der. di pol\u00EDt\u0113s \"cittadino\", per estensione \u00E8 l'arte del governare la citt\u00E0), viene utilizzato in riferimento all'attivit\u00E0 ed alle modalit\u00E0 di governo, od anche, nel lessico politico, alla cosiddetta attivit\u00E0 di opposizione. Pu\u00F2 riferirsi a Unioni, Confederazioni, Stati oppure a entit\u00E0 locali e territoriali pi\u00F9 circoscritte come regioni e comuni: in questi ultimi casi l'azione di governo \u00E8 detta pi\u00F9 propriamente amministrazione locale."@it , "Notion polys\u00E9mique, la politique recouvre : \n* la politique en son sens plus large, celui de civilit\u00E9 ou Politikos, indique le cadre g\u00E9n\u00E9ral d'une soci\u00E9t\u00E9 organis\u00E9e et d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e ; \n* plus pr\u00E9cis\u00E9ment, la politique, au sens de Politeia, renvoie \u00E0 la constitution et concerne donc la structure et le fonctionnement (m\u00E9thodique, th\u00E9orique et pratique) d'une communaut\u00E9, d'une soci\u00E9t\u00E9, d'un groupe social. La politique porte sur les actions, l\u2019\u00E9quilibre, le d\u00E9veloppement interne ou externe de cette soci\u00E9t\u00E9, ses rapports internes et ses rapports \u00E0 d'autres ensembles. La politique est donc principalement ce qui a trait au collectif, \u00E0 une somme d'individualit\u00E9s et/ou de multiplicit\u00E9s. C'est dans cette optique que les \u00E9tudes politiques ou la science politique s'\u00E9largissent \u00E0 tous les domaines d'une soci\u00E9t\u00E9 (\u00E9conomie, droit, sociologie, etc.) ; \n* dans une acception beaucoup plus restreinte, la politique, au sens de Politik\u00E8, ou d'art politique se r\u00E9f\u00E8re \u00E0 la pratique du pouvoir, soit donc aux luttes de pouvoir et de repr\u00E9sentativit\u00E9 entre des hommes et femmes de pouvoir, et aux diff\u00E9rents partis politiques auxquels ils peuvent appartenir, tout comme \u00E0 la gestion de ce m\u00EAme pouvoir ; \n* la politique est le plus souvent assortie d'un \u00E9pith\u00E8te qui d\u00E9termine sa d\u00E9finition : on va parler de strat\u00E9gie politique par exemple pour expliquer comment elle se situe dans une perception combinatoire et planifi\u00E9e de nature \u00E0 lui faire atteindre ses objectifs."@fr , "La pol\u00EDtica (< lat\u00EDn polit\u012Dcus < griego antiguo \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 politik\u00F3s, masculino de \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE politik\u1E17 [\u2018de, para o relativo a los ciudadanos\u2019]) es el arte, doctrina u opini\u00F3n referente al gobierno de los Estados. Constituye una rama de las ciencias sociales que se ocupa de la actividad, en virtud de la cual una sociedad libre, compuesta por personas libres, resuelve los problemas que le plantea su convivencia colectiva. Es un quehacer ordenado al bien com\u00FAn. Es la ciencia social que estudia el poder p\u00FAblico o del Estado. Promueve la participaci\u00F3n ciudadana al poseer la capacidad de distribuir y ejecutar el poder seg\u00FAn sea necesario para garantizar el bien com\u00FAn en la sociedad."@es , "\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u063A\u0648\u064A\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062F\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064A\u062F\u0647\u060C \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0650\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062D\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062F \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0633\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A \u064A\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0631\u0639\u064A\u062A\u0647\u060C \u0648\u0633\u064F\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064C \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064A 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\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u060C \u0623\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062F\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u063A\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0634\u062E\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062E\u0631\u064A\u0646. \u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 : \u0643\u064A\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646.\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062A\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0646\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062A\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629"@ar , "Pol\u00EDtica (do Grego: \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC\u03C2 / politikos, significa \"de, para, ou relacionado a grupos que integram a P\u00F3lis\") denomina-se a arte ou ci\u00EAncia da organiza\u00E7\u00E3o, dire\u00E7\u00E3o e administra\u00E7\u00E3o de na\u00E7\u00F5es ou Estados; a aplica\u00E7\u00E3o desta ci\u00EAncia aos assuntos internos da na\u00E7\u00E3o (pol\u00EDtica interna) ou aos assuntos externos (pol\u00EDtica externa). Nos regimes democr\u00E1ticos, a ci\u00EAncia pol\u00EDtica \u00E9 a atividade dos cidad\u00E3os que se ocupam dos assuntos p\u00FAblicos com seu voto ou com sua milit\u00E2ncia. A palavra tem origem nos tempos em que os gregos estavam organizados em cidades-estado chamadas \"p\u00F3lis\", nome do qual se derivaram palavras como \"politik\u00E9\" (pol\u00EDtica em geral) e \"politik\u00F3s\" (dos cidad\u00E3os, pertencente aos cidad\u00E3os), que estenderam-se ao latim \"politicus\" e chegaram \u00E0s l\u00EDnguas europeias modernas atrav\u00E9s do franc\u00EAs \"politique\" que, em 1265 j\u00E1 era definida nesse idioma como \"ci\u00EAncia dos Estados\". O termo pol\u00EDtica \u00E9 derivado do grego antigo \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 (polite\u00EDa), que indicava todos os procedimentos relativos \u00E0 p\u00F3lis, ou cidade-Estado. Por extens\u00E3o, poderia significar tanto cidade-Estado quanto sociedade, comunidade, coletividade e outras defini\u00E7\u00F5es referentes \u00E0 vida urbana. O livro de Plat\u00E3o traduzido como \"A Rep\u00FAblica\" \u00E9, no original, intitulado \"\u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\" (Polite\u00EDa)."@pt , "Polityka (z gr. poly: mnogo\u015B\u0107, r\u00F3\u017Cnorodno\u015B\u0107; polis - miasto-pa\u0144stwo) \u2013 poj\u0119cie w\u0142a\u015Bciwe naukom spo\u0142ecznym, rozumiane na wiele sposob\u00F3w. U Arystotelesa jest rozumiana jako rodzaj sztuki rz\u0105dzenia pa\u0144stwem, kt\u00F3rej celem jest dobro wsp\u00F3lne. W staro\u017Cytno\u015Bci i \u015Bredniowieczu dominowa\u0142a idealizacja polityki i polityk\u00F3w oraz wywodzenie jej \u017Ar\u00F3de\u0142 z praw natury b\u0105d\u017A woli si\u0142 nadprzyrodzonych, s\u0142u\u017C\u0105ca uzasadnianiu nier\u00F3wnoprawnych podzia\u0142\u00F3w na uprzywilejowanych rz\u0105dz\u0105cych i podporz\u0105dkowanych ich interesom poddanych. Zapocz\u0105tkowane w czasach nowo\u017Cytnych procesy demokratyzacji sprzyja\u0142y obiektywizacji pogl\u0105d\u00F3w na genez\u0119 i spo\u0142eczn\u0105 rol\u0119 polityki i polityk\u00F3w. Wyrazem tego wsp\u00F3\u0142czesna definicja zak\u0142adaj\u0105ca, \u017Ce polityka to uzgadnianie zachowa\u0144 wsp\u00F3\u0142zale\u017Cnych spo\u0142ecze\u0144stw o sprzecznych interesach. Jej szersza wyk\u0142adnia wyja\u015Bnia, i\u017C polityka to dzia\u0142alno\u015B\u0107 polegaj\u0105ca na przezwyci\u0119\u017Caniu sprzeczno\u015Bci interes\u00F3w i uzgadnianiu zachowa\u0144 wsp\u00F3\u0142zale\u017Cnych grup spo\u0142ecznych i wewn\u0105trz nich za pomoc\u0105 perswazji, manipulacji, przymusu i przemocy, kontestacji, negocjacji i kompromis\u00F3w, s\u0142u\u017C\u0105ca kszta\u0142towaniu i ochronie \u0142adu spo\u0142ecznego korzystnego dla tych grup stosownie do si\u0142y ich ekonomicznej pozycji i politycznych wp\u0142yw\u00F3w. Realia dziej\u00F3w ludzko\u015Bci i wsp\u00F3\u0142czesno\u015Bci dowodz\u0105, \u017Ce polityki korzystnej dla wszystkich po r\u00F3wno zazwyczaj nie ma. Podobnie definiuje polityk\u0119 Stephen D. Tansey konstatuj\u0105c, \u017Ce polityka obejmuje szeroki wachlarz sytuacji, w kt\u00F3rych ludzie kieruj\u0105cy si\u0119 odmiennymi interesami dzia\u0142aj\u0105 wsp\u00F3lnie dla osi\u0105gni\u0119cia cel\u00F3w, kt\u00F3re ich \u0142\u0105cz\u0105, i konkuruj\u0105 ze sob\u0105, gdy cele s\u0105 sprzeczne. I z tych pozycji zak\u0142ada, \u017Ce warto raczej krytycznie odnie\u015B\u0107 si\u0119 do standardowych akademickich definicji polityki i w\u0142adzy. Za podstaw\u0119 nowo\u017Cytnych definicji polityki uchodz\u0105 teorie Maksa Webera, twierdz\u0105cego, \u017Ce polityka to d\u0105\u017Cenie do udzia\u0142u we w\u0142adzy lub do wywierania wp\u0142ywu na podzia\u0142 w\u0142adzy, czy to mi\u0119dzy pa\u0144stwami, czy te\u017C w obr\u0119bie pa\u0144stwa, mi\u0119dzy grupami ludzi, jakie to pa\u0144stwo tworz\u0105. I u\u015Bci\u015Blaj\u0105cego wcze\u015Bniejsze definicje konstatacj\u0105, i\u017C istotn\u0105 w\u0142a\u015Bciwo\u015Bci\u0105 polityki jest \"odwo\u0142ywanie si\u0119 do przemocy\", bo w sferze stosunk\u00F3w politycznych \"gro\u017Aba przemocy i, ewentualnie, jej zastosowanie jest jednak swoistym \u015Brodkiem, a zawsze ultima ratio, gdy inne \u015Brodki zawiod\u0105\". Definicja ta jest o tyle uniwersalna, \u017Ce akcentuje dwa wymiary polityki: wewn\u0119trzny (wewn\u0105trzpa\u0144stwowy) i zewn\u0119trzny (mi\u0119dzypa\u0144stwowy). Ze wzgl\u0119du na up\u0142yw czasu od powstania tej definicji (1. po\u0142owa XX wieku), dzi\u015B nale\u017Ca\u0142oby j\u0105 uzupe\u0142ni\u0107 o stosunki pa\u0144stw narodowych z organizacjami mi\u0119dzynarodowymi oraz o stosunki mi\u0119dzy tymi organizacjami i w ich obr\u0119bie (zw\u0142aszcza w kontek\u015Bcie Unii Europejskiej). W ameryka\u0144skiej literaturze wsp\u00F3\u0142cze\u015Bnie popularne jest definiowanie polityki jako sztuki bycia wybieranym (zdobywania w\u0142adzy). Inne definicje zak\u0142adaj\u0105, i\u017C \"Polityka\" to stosunek mi\u0119dzy tym, co rz\u0105d pr\u00F3buje robi\u0107, a tym, co si\u0119 naprawd\u0119 dzieje. Andrzej Jab\u0142o\u0144ski w Leksykonie politologii pod redakcj\u0105 Andrzeja Antoszewskiego i Ryszarda Herbuta [wyd. V, Wroc\u0142aw 1999] ukazuje pi\u0119\u0107 uj\u0119\u0107 polityki; \n* \u017Ce jest to orientacja formalnoprawna, czyli polityka to dzia\u0142alno\u015B\u0107 instytucji pa\u0144stwowych (aparatu pa\u0144stwowego), \n* podej\u015Bcie behawioralne, czyli dowolny uk\u0142ad stosunk\u00F3w spo\u0142ecznych, w kt\u00F3rych wyst\u0119puje wyra\u017Ana obecno\u015B\u0107 kontroli, wp\u0142ywu, w\u0142adzy lub autorytetu (za: R.A. Dahl, Modern Political Analysis, Prentice Hall 1991), \n* orientacja funkcjonalna rozumiana jako funkcja systemu spo\u0142ecznego zapewniaj\u0105ca jego rozw\u00F3j poprzez rozwi\u0105zywanie konflikt\u00F3w, \n* podej\u015Bcie racjonalne, podejmowanie decyzji w ramach procesu sprawowania w\u0142adzy i gry o w\u0142adz\u0119, w kt\u00F3rym bior\u0105 udzia\u0142 rozmaite podmioty, \n* stanowisko postbehawioralne przez kt\u00F3re polityka rozumiana jest jako s\u0142u\u017Cba d\u0105\u017C\u0105ca do zmniejszenia, czy te\u017C usuwania ogranicze\u0144 w zaspokajaniu potrzeb ludzi. Definicja profesora Kazimierza Opa\u0142ka: Dzia\u0142alno\u015B\u0107 wytyczona przez o\u015Brodek decyzji sformalizowanej grupy spo\u0142ecznej (organizacji), zmierzaj\u0105ca do realizacji ustalonych cel\u00F3w za pomoc\u0105 okre\u015Blonych \u015Brodk\u00F3w."@pl , "\u672C\u8A18\u4E8B\u3067\u306F\u653F\u6CBB\uFF08\u305B\u3044\u3058,\u82F1: Politics\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u4F55\u304B\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89E3\u8AAC\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304F\u3002"@ja , "Politiek is de wijze waarop in een samenleving de belangentegenstellingen van groepen en individuen tot hun recht komen - meestal op basis van onderhandelingen - op de verschillende bestuurlijke en maatschappelijke niveaus. Waar de scheidslijn loopt tussen het politieke en het ethische en sociale is een vraag waar veel verschil van mening over bestaat. De meeste wetenschappers erkennen dat er sprake moet zijn van enig potentieel tot het gebruik van macht of geweld om een vraagstuk als politiek te bestempelen \u2014 bij het beslissen van een politiek conflict is meestal sprake van een verplaatsing van macht van de ene groep of persoon naar een andere groep of persoon. Een persoon die een ambt of functie in de politiek vervult heet bij mannen een politicus en bij vrouwen een politica."@nl ; dbo:wikiPageRevisionID 744221790 ; dbo:wikiPageID 22986 ; dbp:b "yes"^^rdf:langString ; dbp:commons "yes"^^rdf:langString ; dbp:d "yes"^^rdf:langString ; dbp:n "yes"^^rdf:langString ; dbp:q "yes"^^rdf:langString ; dbp:v "yes"^^rdf:langString ; dbp:wikt "yes"^^rdf:langString ; dbp:wiktSearch "politics"^^rdf:langString ; ns5:hypernym dbr:Practice . dbr:Akhmet_Baitursynov dbo:occupation dbr:Politics . dbr:Alikhan_Bukeikhanov dbo:occupation dbr:Politics . dbr:Yeshayahu_Leibowitz dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Irena_Krzywicka dbo:mainInterest dbr:Politics . dbr:Mukhamedzhan_Tynyshpaev dbo:occupation dbr:Politics . dbr:Boston_Review dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbr:Albert_Camus dbo:mainInterest dbr:Politics . dbr:Walter_Karp dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbr:Joanne_Herring dbo:knownFor dbr:Politics . dbr:Greg_Mitchell dbo:genre dbr:Politics . dbr:Kevin_Gutzman dbo:field 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