@prefix rdf: . @prefix dbpedia: . @prefix opencyc: . dbpedia:Phonograph rdf:type opencyc:Mx4rv-mZoMnYQdeTy5d-IY_eBg , opencyc:Mx4rDKZQEKVnQdmACrINeAfsGw , opencyc:Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg , opencyc:Mx4rejmDbrF_QdeIENT1qpbYzQ , opencyc:Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA , opencyc:Mx4rvh8SuLPZQdeVlt8feflcZg . @prefix owl: . dbpedia:Phonograph owl:sameAs , opencyc:Mx4rvVjg8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA , opencyc:Mx4rvVjbu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA . @prefix ns4: . dbpedia:Phonograph owl:sameAs ns4:Mx4rvVjbu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA . @prefix foaf: . @prefix ns6: . dbpedia:Phonograph foaf:page ns6:Phonograph . @prefix dbpprop: . dbpedia:Phonograph dbpprop:reference , , , , , , , , , , , , . @prefix rdfs: . dbpedia:Phonograph rdfs:label "Fon\u00F3grafo"@pt , "\u7559\u8072\u6A5F"@zh , "Fonografo"@it , "\u0424\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444"@ru , "\u0424\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444"@uk , "\u84C4\u97F3\u6A5F"@ja , "Phonograph"@de , "Fonograf"@pl , "Fonograf"@cs , "Phonograph"@en , "Fonograaf"@nl , "Fonograf"@sv , "Fonograf"@no , "Fon\u00F3grafo"@es , "Phonographe"@fr , "Fonografi"@fi . @prefix dbpedia-owl: . dbpedia:Phonograph dbpedia-owl:thumbnail ; dbpprop:abstract "Fonograf \u00E4r en maskin f\u00F6r inspelning, upptagning och \u00E5tergivning av ljud. Ljudet lagras som sp\u00E5r p\u00E5 en cylinder. Fonografen var den f\u00F6rsta maskinen som kunde spela in och bevara ljud. P\u00E5 de \u00E4ldsta modellerna graverades ljudsp\u00E5ret in i ett tunt lager av metallfolie. Senare versioner anv\u00E4nde sig av material som vax och celluloid. Ljudv\u00E5gor \u00F6verf\u00F6rs via ett membran till ett metallstift (n\u00E5l) som d\u00E5 vibrerar i takt med v\u00E5gorna. Stiftet ristar in ett sp\u00E5r i den roterande cylindern. Vid ljud\u00E5tergivning byts inspelningsstiftet (n\u00E5len) ut mot ett trubbigare. Grundprincipen f\u00F6r ljud\u00E5tergivningen \u00E4r densamma som sedermera f\u00F6r grammofonskivan. Metallstiftet (n\u00E5len) som sitter fast vid membranet f\u00F6ljer de av ljudv\u00E5gor formade graverade sp\u00E5ren i cylindern varvid membranet kommer att vibrera i takt med dessa. Ljudet kan sedan f\u00F6rst\u00E4rkas med hj\u00E4lp av en tratt. Sj\u00E4lva uppspelningsapparaturerna kunde drivas f\u00F6r hand, med urverk eller elektriskt. Fonografen uppfanns av Thomas Edison 1877 och s\u00E5ldes kommersiellt 1890-1925. Fonografen bygger p\u00E5 en apparat som registrerar sv\u00E4ngningar och som fransmannen L\u00E9on Scott konstruerade redan 1857."@sv , "Fonograf (z gr. zapis d\u017Awi\u0119ku) \u2013 jedno z pierwszych urz\u0105dze\u0144 s\u0142u\u017C\u0105cych do zapisu i odtwarzania d\u017Awi\u0119ku, poprzednik gramofonu. Dos\u0142ownie wyraz fonograf oznacza\u0107 mo\u017Ce dowolne urz\u0105dzenie s\u0142u\u017C\u0105ce do zapisu d\u017Awi\u0119ku, jednak zazwyczaj u\u017Cywa si\u0119 go na okre\u015Blenie konstrukcji Thomasa Edisona. Edison sw\u00F3j wynalazek zademonstrowa\u0142 29 listopada 1877, a opatentowa\u0142 go 19 lutego 1878. W fonografie d\u017Awi\u0119k zapisywany by\u0142 akustycznie na cylindrze zak\u0142adanym na walec nap\u0119dzany korbk\u0105 i odtwarzany za pomoc\u0105 ig\u0142y. Ig\u0142a by\u0142a metalowa lub szklana. D\u017Awi\u0119k zapisywano wg\u0142\u0119bnie na folii cynowej owini\u0119tej wok\u00F3\u0142 woskowego walca. \"G\u0142o\u015Bnikiem\" i \"mikrofonem\" by\u0142a du\u017Ca lejkowata, metalowa tuba. G\u0142\u00F3wn\u0105 wad\u0105 zapisu na cylindrze by\u0142 brak mo\u017Cliwo\u015Bci t\u0142oczenia kopii. Dlatego zosta\u0142 wyparty przez wynalezion\u0105 przez Emila Berlinera p\u0142yt\u0119 gramofonow\u0105, kt\u00F3r\u0105 mo\u017Cna by\u0142o t\u0142oczy\u0107 w du\u017Cych nak\u0142adach z matryc metalowych w masie szelakowej. Zapisy na walcach fonografu istnia\u0142y tylko w jednym egzemplarzu, ponadto poniewa\u017C by\u0142y wykonane w mi\u0119kkim tworzywie (wosku) szybko si\u0119 zu\u017Cywa\u0142y. D\u017Awi\u0119k odtwarzany na fonografie by\u0142 bardzo cichy, dlatego do ods\u0142uchu stosowano s\u0142uchawki przypominajace stetoskop lekarski. W drugiej dekadzie XX wieku, kiedy zacz\u0119to nagrywa\u0107 p\u0142yty do gramofon\u00F3w metod\u0105 elektryczn\u0105, sko\u0144czy\u0142 si\u0119 popyt na fonografy. Ostatni wyprodukowano w 1929."@pl , "Fonografi oli ensimm\u00E4inen laite, jolla voitiin tallentaa \u00E4\u00E4nt\u00E4. Sen kehitti Thomas Alva Edison vuonna 1877 ja sit\u00E4 myytiin kaupallisesti vuodesta 1890 vuoteen 1925. Aluksi fonografista k\u00E4ytettiin nimityst\u00E4 \"puhuva kone\". Edison suunnitteli fonografinsa alun perin puheluiden \u00E4\u00E4nitt\u00E4miseen, mutta hyvin varhaisessa vaiheessa huomattiin sen k\u00E4yv\u00E4n my\u00F6s musiikin taltioimiseen. Fonografin toimintaperiaate on sama kuin gramofonin. Aluksi Edison k\u00E4ytti tinapaperia, joka oli k\u00E4\u00E4ritty lieri\u00F6n ymp\u00E4ri, mutta sen huonon kest\u00E4vyyden takia h\u00E4n kehitti vahasylinterit, joiden kest\u00E4vyys oli huomattavasti parempi. Fonografilla voitiin my\u00F6s tehd\u00E4 omia \u00E4\u00E4nitteit\u00E4, toisin kuin gramofonilla. Fonografin lieri\u00F6it\u00E4 ei voitu ennen 1900-luvun vaihdetta monistaa, joten esitt\u00E4j\u00E4 joutui toistamaan esityksens\u00E4 niin monta kertaa kuin myyt\u00E4vi\u00E4 sylintereit\u00E4 haluttiin tehd\u00E4. \u00C4\u00E4nenlaatu oli gramofonia parempi, mutta \u00E4\u00E4nenpaine hiljaisempi. Fonografi\u00E4\u00E4nitteet pystyiv\u00E4t taltioimaan \u00E4\u00E4nt\u00E4 noin nelj\u00E4 minuuttia kerrallaan. 1910-luvulla kehitetty Amberol-sylinteri edusti aikanaan \u00E4\u00E4nentoiston huippua . Koska \u00E4\u00E4nitteiden teko oli akustista, eik\u00E4 mikrofoneja tunnettu, piti esitt\u00E4j\u00E4n suunnata esityksens\u00E4 suoraan kaivertavan laitteen torveen. Tallennuksessa k\u00E4ytetty torvi oli toistavaa huomattavasti suurempi, jotta orkesterikin mahtui mukaan. Menetelm\u00E4 sopi parhaiten kova\u00E4\u00E4nisille oopperalaulajille, kuten aikauden supert\u00E4hdille Enrico Carusolle tai Aino Ackt\u00E9lle. Fonografi-lieri\u00F6ille vakiintui ajan oloon oma k\u00E4ytt\u00E4j\u00E4kuntansa: kansanomaiset esitt\u00E4j\u00E4t - kun taas gramofonilevyille levyttiv\u00E4t taiteilijoina pidetyt oopperadiivat ja huippuorkesterinjohtajat. 1920-luvulle tultaessa Edisonin vahalieri\u00F6 oli jo syrj\u00E4ytynyt valmis\u00E4\u00E4nitemarkkinoilta, mutta sen k\u00E4ytt\u00F6 toimistoissa sanelukoneena jatkui pitk\u00E4lle 1950-luvulle, kunnes magnetofoni korvasi sen lopullisesti."@fi , "El fon\u00F3grafo fue el dispositivo m\u00E1s com\u00FAn para reproducir sonidos grabados desde la d\u00E9cada de 1870 hasta la d\u00E9cada de 1880."@es , "\u0424\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 - \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0443 \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456 19-\u0433\u043E - \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0443 20-\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F."@uk , "De fonograaf is de voorloper van de grammofoon. De fonograaf werd gepatenteerd door Thomas Alva Edison op 19 februari 1878 en voorzag in de eerste mogelijkheid om geluid op te nemen en weer af te spelen. De fonograaf van Edison is naar alle waarschijnlijkheid gebaseerd op een fonautograaf die in 1860 door de Parijse uitvinder \u00C9douard-L\u00E9on Scott de Martinville werd gebouwd."@nl , "\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B:EdisonPhonograph. jpg \u0424\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u042D\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430. \u043E\u043A.1899 \u0424\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 (\u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03B7\u00A0\u2014 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A \u0438 \u03B3\u03C1\u03AC\u03C6\u03C9\u00A0\u2014 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044C), \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043E\u0440 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u0430. \u0418\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0451\u043D \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0410\u043B\u044C\u0432\u0430 \u042D\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D 21 \u043D\u043E\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1877 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430. \u0417\u0432\u0443\u043A \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0435 \u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0436\u043A\u0438, \u0433\u043B\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u0430. \u0417\u0432\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0436\u043A\u0430 \u0444\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043C\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E \u0446\u0438\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u043C\u0441\u044F \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043D\u0435. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u043B\u0430, \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E \u043A\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0432\u043A\u0435, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044E \u043C\u0435\u043C\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0443, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u044F \u0438\u0437\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A. \u0418\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438; \u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0444\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u043E\u0444\u043E\u043D \u0438 \u043F\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0444\u043E\u043D."@ru , "\u7559\u8072\u6A5F\uFF08Phonograph\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u653E\u97F3\u88DD\u7F6E\uFF0C\u5176\u8072\u97F3\u5132\u5B58\u5728\u4EE5\u8072\u5B78\u65B9\u6CD5\u5728\u5531\u7247\uFF08\u5713\u76E4\uFF09\u5E73\u9762\u4E0A\u523B\u51FA\u7684\u5F27\u5F62\u523B\u69FD\u5167\u3002\u5531\u7247\u7F6E\u65BC\u8F49\u53F0\u4E0A\uFF0C\u5728\u5531\u91DD\u4E4B\u4E0B\u65CB\u8F49\u3002\u7559\u8072\u6A5F\u65BC1888\u5E74\u7531\u7F8E\u570B\u767C\u660E\u5BB6\u4F2F\u5229\u90A3\uFF08E. Berliner\uFF0C1851-1929\uFF09\u9996\u5148\u6F14\u793A\uFF0C\u5F8C\u4F86\u9010\u6F38\u53D6\u4EE3\u4E86\u7B52\u5F0F\u7559\u8072\u6A5F\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5531\u7247\u80FD\u6BD4\u8F03\u65B9\u4FBF\u5730\u5927\u91CF\u8907\u88FD\uFF0C\u653E\u97F3\u6642\u9593\u4E5F\u6BD4\u5927\u591A\u6578\u7B52\u5F62\u9304\u97F3\u4ECB\u8CEA\u9577\u3002"@zh , "En fonograf er en maskin for opptak og avspilling av lyd. Lyden lagres p\u00E5 en roterende voksrull. Fonografen ble oppfunnet av Thomas Edison i 1877 og solgt kommersielt fra 1890 til 1925. Fonografen ble etterfulgt av grammofonen, oppfunnet i 1888 av Emile Berliner."@no , "Fonograf je prvn\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDstroj na nahr\u00E1v\u00E1n\u00ED a reprodukci hlasu. Jeho vyn\u00E1lezcem byl roku 1877 Thomas Alva Edison a prvn\u00EDm z\u00E1znamem byla d\u011Btsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00EDkanka Mary had a little lamb. Postupem \u010Dasu Emile Berliner nez\u00E1visle na n\u011Bm vyvinul gramofon, kter\u00FD jej n\u00E1sledn\u011B nahradil. Z\u00E1znam na fonografu byl uchov\u00E1v\u00E1n na v\u00E1le\u010Dku - t\u00EDm se li\u0161il od pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDho gramofonu, kde m\u00E9diem byla ploch\u00E1 deska. V\u00E1le\u010Dek Edison zvolil proto, \u017Ee stejn\u00E9 \u00FAhlov\u00E9 rychlosti ot\u00E1\u010Den\u00ED odpov\u00EDd\u00E1 i stejn\u00E1 rychlost pohybu cel\u00E9ho povrchu v\u00E1lce (to u desky neplat\u00ED). Nev\u00FDhodou proti desce ale jsou velk\u00E9 rozm\u011Bry a krat\u0161\u00ED hrac\u00ED doba fonografick\u00FDch v\u00E1le\u010Dk\u016F."@cs , "\u84C4\u97F3\u6A5F\uFF08\u3061\u304F\u304A\u3093\u304D\u3001\u82F1: Phonograph\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u8A00\u8449\u306E\u610F\u5473\u306F\u9332\u97F3\u6A5F\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30EC\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9\u30D7\u30EC\u30FC\u30E4\u30FC\u306E\u524D\u8EAB\u3002"@ja , "Der Phonograph (Neologismus, Griechisch, \u201ESchall-\u201C oder \u201EKlangschreiber\u201C) ist ein akustisch-mechanischer Rekorder. Der Begriff bezeichnet eine am 21. November 1877 von Thomas Alva Edison angek\u00FCndigte, 8 Tage sp\u00E4ter vorgef\u00FChrte und von ihm am 24. Dezember 1877 als Patent eingereichte \u201ESprechmaschine\u201C. Der eigentliche Erfinder des am 19. Februar 1878 unter dem Namen \u201EPhonograph\u201C patentierten Ger\u00E4ts war Charles Cros, der ein sogenanntes Par\u00E9ophones baute. Ihm fehlten jedoch die finanziellen Mittel, um seine Erfindung patentieren zu lassen. Im \u00DCbrigen hatte Cros an der Vermarktung seiner Erfindung kaum Interesse, ihm war mehr an einer wissenschaftlichen Anerkennung gelegen. Edison erhielt f\u00FCr die Weiterentwicklung seines Phonographen 1878 in Deutschland und 1880 in den USA weitere Patente."@de , "The record player, phonograph or gramophone was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the late 1870s through the late 1980s."@en , "Il fonografo \u00E8 uno dei primissimi strumenti pensati per poter registrare e riprodurre il suono, progettato da Thomas Edison, l'inventore della lampadina."@it , "L'inventeur am\u00E9ricain Thomas Edison d\u00E9pose le brevet du premier phonographe le 19 d\u00E9cembre 1877. Son dispositif permet d'enregistrer des sons gr\u00E2ce \u00E0 un stylet compos\u00E9 d'une aiguille interchangeable fix\u00E9e sur un diaphragme de mica. Ce stylet grave les sonorit\u00E9s sur un cylindre d'\u00E9tain (de cire par la suite, ce qui am\u00E9liora la qualit\u00E9 de l'enregistrement). D\u00E8s que l'enregistrement est termin\u00E9, la gravure peut \u00EAtre lue par le stylet. L'aiguille, faisant vibrer le diaphragme, transforme le sillon grav\u00E9 en sons. Afin de permettre la diffusion de ces premiers enregistrements, un m\u00E9canisme de recopie sur cylindre de bak\u00E9lite est mis au point: la qualit\u00E9 est meilleure et surtout le cylindre ne craint plus ni les d\u00E9formations ni la chaleur. C'est ce type de cylindre que l'on peut observer sur la photo ci-contre. Il a exist\u00E9 un appareil, le Gramophone, similaire \u00E0 un phonographe permettant d'enregistrer les textes destin\u00E9s \u00E0 \u00EAtre dactylographi\u00E9s. Il disposait \u00E0 cet effet d'une t\u00EAte r\u00E9versible et d'un cornet en guise de micro. Pour effacer le message on rabotait la surface du cylindre constitu\u00E9 de cire. Les gramophones ont \u00E9t\u00E9 une \u00E9volution des phonographes. Ils en ont pris le nom par la suite. La diff\u00E9rence entre ces deux types d'appareils se fait surtout par le support d'enregistrement : cylindre pour les phonographes, disque pour les gramophones. Lors de l'exposition universelle de Paris en 1900, La soci\u00E9t\u00E9 Path\u00E9 re\u00E7oit un grand prix pour son phonographe \"le gaulois\". Le corps de ce dernier est en fonte. Le son est enregistr\u00E9 sur des rouleaux de cire. Le phonographe dispose d'une t\u00EAte d'\u00E9criture et d'une t\u00EAte de lecture. Il a un pavillon en cristal. Particularit\u00E9 de ce mod\u00E8le : il pourra \u00EAtre vendu \u00E0 cr\u00E9dit ce qui favorise la d\u00E9mocratisation de ces machines. Les phonographes plus r\u00E9cents voient la disparition du cylindre au profit du disque. Les phonographes dits \"\u00E0 pavillon\" permettent un volume sonore plus important (sur les phonographes \u00E0 cylindre on collait souvent son oreille au pavillon pour bien entendre). On trouve ces phonographes dans les habitations mais aussi les lieux publics comme les caf\u00E9s. \u00C0 la fin des ann\u00E9es 20, le phonographe portable ou \"phonographe mallette\" fait son apparition. Il comporte souvent un compartiment pour y ranger plusieurs disques ainsi qu'un r\u00E9ceptacle pour les aiguilles de remplacement. C'est le couvercle de la valise qui fait office de pavillon. Il existe de nombreuses vari\u00E9t\u00E9s d'aiguilles suivant le son que l'on veut obtenir. Il existe par exemple des aiguilles en bois. L'am\u00E9lioration de la qualit\u00E9 sonore est due \u00E0 l'abandon progressif de la membrane mica pour des membranes plus complexes."@fr , "O fon\u00F3grafo foi inventado em 21 de Novembro de 1877, por Thomas Edison. O aparelho consistia em um cilindro com sulcos coberto por uma folha de estanho. Uma ponta aguda era pressionada contra o cilindro. Conectados \u00E0 ponta, ficavam um diafragma (uma membrana circular, cujas vibra\u00E7\u00F5es convertiam sons em impulsos mec\u00E2nicos e vice-versa) acoplado a um grande bocal em forma de cone. O cilindro era girado manualmente, e conforme o operador ia falando no bocal (ou chifre), a voz fazia o diafragma vibrar, o que fazia a ponta aguda criar um sulco an\u00E1logo na superf\u00EDcie do estanho. Quando a grava\u00E7\u00E3o estava completa, a ponta era substitu\u00EDda por uma agulha; a m\u00E1quina desta vez produzia as palavras quando o cilindro era girado mais uma vez. Thomas Edison trabalhou nesse projeto em seu laborat\u00F3rio enquanto recitava \"Mary Tinha um Carneirinho \" e reproduzia-a."@pt ; rdfs:comment "De fonograaf is de voorloper van de grammofoon. De fonograaf werd gepatenteerd door Thomas Alva Edison op 19 februari 1878 en voorzag in de eerste mogelijkheid om geluid op te nemen en weer af te spelen. De fonograaf van Edison is naar alle waarschijnlijkheid gebaseerd op een fonautograaf die in 1860 door de Parijse uitvinder \u00C9douard-L\u00E9on Scott de Martinville werd gebouwd."@nl , "\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B:EdisonPhonograph. jpg \u0424\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u042D\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043D\u0430. \u043E\u043A.1899 \u0424\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 (\u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03C6\u03C9\u03BD\u03B7\u00A0\u2014 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A \u0438 \u03B3\u03C1\u03AC\u03C6\u03C9\u00A0\u2014 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044C), \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043E\u0440 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u0430. \u0418\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0451\u043D \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0410\u043B\u044C\u0432\u0430 \u042D\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D 21 \u043D\u043E\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1877 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430."@ru , "Fonograf \u00E4r en maskin f\u00F6r inspelning, upptagning och \u00E5tergivning av ljud. Ljudet lagras som sp\u00E5r p\u00E5 en cylinder. Fonografen var den f\u00F6rsta maskinen som kunde spela in och bevara ljud. P\u00E5 de \u00E4ldsta modellerna graverades ljudsp\u00E5ret in i ett tunt lager av metallfolie. Senare versioner anv\u00E4nde sig av material som vax och celluloid. Ljudv\u00E5gor \u00F6verf\u00F6rs via ett membran till ett metallstift (n\u00E5l) som d\u00E5 vibrerar i takt med v\u00E5gorna. Stiftet ristar in ett sp\u00E5r i den roterande cylindern."@sv , "Fonograf je prvn\u00ED p\u0159\u00EDstroj na nahr\u00E1v\u00E1n\u00ED a reprodukci hlasu. Jeho vyn\u00E1lezcem byl roku 1877 Thomas Alva Edison a prvn\u00EDm z\u00E1znamem byla d\u011Btsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00EDkanka Mary had a little lamb. Postupem \u010Dasu Emile Berliner nez\u00E1visle na n\u011Bm vyvinul gramofon, kter\u00FD jej n\u00E1sledn\u011B nahradil. Z\u00E1znam na fonografu byl uchov\u00E1v\u00E1n na v\u00E1le\u010Dku - t\u00EDm se li\u0161il od pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDho gramofonu, kde m\u00E9diem byla ploch\u00E1 deska."@cs , "The record player, phonograph or gramophone was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the late 1870s through the late 1980s."@en , "Il fonografo \u00E8 uno dei primissimi strumenti pensati per poter registrare e riprodurre il suono, progettato da Thomas Edison, l'inventore della lampadina."@it , "\u0424\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 - \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0443 \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456 19-\u0433\u043E - \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0443 20-\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F."@uk , "O fon\u00F3grafo foi inventado em 21 de Novembro de 1877, por Thomas Edison. O aparelho consistia em um cilindro com sulcos coberto por uma folha de estanho. Uma ponta aguda era pressionada contra o cilindro. Conectados \u00E0 ponta, ficavam um diafragma (uma membrana circular, cujas vibra\u00E7\u00F5es convertiam sons em impulsos mec\u00E2nicos e vice-versa) acoplado a um grande bocal em forma de cone."@pt , "En fonograf er en maskin for opptak og avspilling av lyd. Lyden lagres p\u00E5 en roterende voksrull. Fonografen ble oppfunnet av Thomas Edison i 1877 og solgt kommersielt fra 1890 til 1925. Fonografen ble etterfulgt av grammofonen, oppfunnet i 1888 av Emile Berliner."@no , "Der Phonograph (Neologismus, Griechisch, \u201ESchall-\u201C oder \u201EKlangschreiber\u201C) ist ein akustisch-mechanischer Rekorder. Der Begriff bezeichnet eine am 21. November 1877 von Thomas Alva Edison angek\u00FCndigte, 8 Tage sp\u00E4ter vorgef\u00FChrte und von ihm am 24. Dezember 1877 als Patent eingereichte \u201ESprechmaschine\u201C. Der eigentliche Erfinder des am 19. Februar 1878 unter dem Namen \u201EPhonograph\u201C patentierten Ger\u00E4ts war Charles Cros, der ein sogenanntes Par\u00E9ophones baute."@de , "L'inventeur am\u00E9ricain Thomas Edison d\u00E9pose le brevet du premier phonographe le 19 d\u00E9cembre 1877. Son dispositif permet d'enregistrer des sons gr\u00E2ce \u00E0 un stylet compos\u00E9 d'une aiguille interchangeable fix\u00E9e sur un diaphragme de mica. Ce stylet grave les sonorit\u00E9s sur un cylindre d'\u00E9tain (de cire par la suite, ce qui am\u00E9liora la qualit\u00E9 de l'enregistrement). D\u00E8s que l'enregistrement est termin\u00E9, la gravure peut \u00EAtre lue par le stylet."@fr , "Fonografi oli ensimm\u00E4inen laite, jolla voitiin tallentaa \u00E4\u00E4nt\u00E4. Sen kehitti Thomas Alva Edison vuonna 1877 ja sit\u00E4 myytiin kaupallisesti vuodesta 1890 vuoteen 1925. Aluksi fonografista k\u00E4ytettiin nimityst\u00E4 \"puhuva kone\". Edison suunnitteli fonografinsa alun perin puheluiden \u00E4\u00E4nitt\u00E4miseen, mutta hyvin varhaisessa vaiheessa huomattiin sen k\u00E4yv\u00E4n my\u00F6s musiikin taltioimiseen. Fonografin toimintaperiaate on sama kuin gramofonin."@fi , "Fonograf (z gr. zapis d\u017Awi\u0119ku) \u2013 jedno z pierwszych urz\u0105dze\u0144 s\u0142u\u017C\u0105cych do zapisu i odtwarzania d\u017Awi\u0119ku, poprzednik gramofonu. Dos\u0142ownie wyraz fonograf oznacza\u0107 mo\u017Ce dowolne urz\u0105dzenie s\u0142u\u017C\u0105ce do zapisu d\u017Awi\u0119ku, jednak zazwyczaj u\u017Cywa si\u0119 go na okre\u015Blenie konstrukcji Thomasa Edisona. Edison sw\u00F3j wynalazek zademonstrowa\u0142 29 listopada 1877, a opatentowa\u0142 go 19 lutego 1878."@pl , "\u84C4\u97F3\u6A5F\uFF08\u3061\u304F\u304A\u3093\u304D\u3001\u82F1: Phonograph\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u8A00\u8449\u306E\u610F\u5473\u306F\u9332\u97F3\u6A5F\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30EC\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9\u30D7\u30EC\u30FC\u30E4\u30FC\u306E\u524D\u8EAB\u3002"@ja , "El fon\u00F3grafo fue el dispositivo m\u00E1s com\u00FAn para reproducir sonidos grabados desde la d\u00E9cada de 1870 hasta la d\u00E9cada de 1880."@es , "\u7559\u8072\u6A5F\uFF08Phonograph\uFF09\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u653E\u97F3\u88DD\u7F6E\uFF0C\u5176\u8072\u97F3\u5132\u5B58\u5728\u4EE5\u8072\u5B78\u65B9\u6CD5\u5728\u5531\u7247\uFF08\u5713\u76E4\uFF09\u5E73\u9762\u4E0A\u523B\u51FA\u7684\u5F27\u5F62\u523B\u69FD\u5167\u3002\u5531\u7247\u7F6E\u65BC\u8F49\u53F0\u4E0A\uFF0C\u5728\u5531\u91DD\u4E4B\u4E0B\u65CB\u8F49\u3002\u7559\u8072\u6A5F\u65BC1888\u5E74\u7531\u7F8E\u570B\u767C\u660E\u5BB6\u4F2F\u5229\u90A3\uFF08E. Berliner\uFF0C1851-1929\uFF09\u9996\u5148\u6F14\u793A\uFF0C\u5F8C\u4F86\u9010\u6F38\u53D6\u4EE3\u4E86\u7B52\u5F0F\u7559\u8072\u6A5F\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5531\u7247\u80FD\u6BD4\u8F03\u65B9\u4FBF\u5730\u5927\u91CF\u8907\u88FD\uFF0C\u653E\u97F3\u6642\u9593\u4E5F\u6BD4\u5927\u591A\u6578\u7B52\u5F62\u9304\u97F3\u4ECB\u8CEA\u9577\u3002"@zh ; foaf:depiction . @prefix skos: . @prefix ns11: . dbpedia:Phonograph skos:subject ns11:Greek_loanwords , ns11:Thomas_Edison , , ns11:Audio_players , ns11:Audio_electronics . @prefix ns12: . dbpedia:Phonograph dbpprop:wikiPageUsesTemplate ns12:fact , ns12:portalpar , ns12:listen ; dbpprop:date "April 2009"@en ; dbpprop:title "I am the Edison Phonograph"@en . @prefix ns13: . dbpedia:Phonograph dbpprop:relatedInstance ns13:lang1 , ns13:lang2 , ns13:lang3 , ns13:lang4 ; dbpprop:portalparProperty "Nuvola_apps_ksim.png"@en , "Electronics"@en ; dbpprop:description "This 1906 recording enticed store customers with the wonders of the invention."@en ; dbpprop:format dbpedia:Ogg ; 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