@prefix rdf: . @prefix dbpedia: . @prefix opencyc: . dbpedia:Opium rdf:type opencyc:Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA , opencyc:Mx4rwHBxKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA . @prefix owl: . dbpedia:Opium owl:sameAs . @prefix ns4: . dbpedia:Opium owl:sameAs ns4:Mx4rvViu8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA , opencyc:Mx4rvViu8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA . @prefix foaf: . @prefix ns6: . dbpedia:Opium foaf:page ns6:Opium . @prefix dbpprop: . @prefix ns8: . dbpedia:Opium dbpprop:reference ns8:slideshow_070709_anderson , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . @prefix rdfs: . dbpedia:Opium rdfs:label "Opium"@en , "Opiu"@ro , "Opio"@es , "Opium"@pl , "Oppio"@it , "Opium"@sv , "\u00D3pio"@pt , "\u9E26\u7247"@zh , "Opium"@no , "Opium"@fr , "Opium"@nl , "Afyon (narkotik)"@tr , "Opium"@cs , "Oopiumi"@fi , "\u041E\u043F\u0438\u0443\u043C"@ru , "Opium"@de , "\u30A2\u30D8\u30F3"@ja , "\u041E\u043F\u0456\u0443\u043C"@uk , "\u00D3pium"@hu , "Opi"@ca . @prefix dbpedia-owl: . dbpedia:Opium dbpedia-owl:thumbnail ; dbpprop:abstract "L\u2019opium est une pr\u00E9paration psychotrope obtenue \u00E0 partir du latex du pavot somnif\u00E8re. Ses effets provoquent notamment une somnolence chez le consommateur."@fr , "Opium is het ingedroogde melksap van de opiumpapaver of slaapbol (Papaver somniferum; 'somniferum' betekent 'slaap brengend'), dat een aantal alkalo\u00EFden bevat waarvan code\u00EFne, morfine, noscapine en papaverine de belangrijkste zijn. Middelen die uit opium worden ge\u00EBxtraheerd, worden opiaten genoemd, maar niet alle opiaten worden uit opium gewonnen."@nl , "Opiul este o substan\u0163\u0103 toxic\u0103 cu propriet\u0103\u0163i narcotice extras\u0103 din capsulele unor specii de mac \u015Fi \u00EEntrebuin\u0163at\u0103 ca somnifer, calmant, analgezic, stupefiant."@ro , "\u041E\u043F\u0438\u0443\u043C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0418\u043D\u0434\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D Malwa \u041E\u0301\u043F\u0438\u0443\u043C (\u043E\u0301\u043F\u0438\u0439)\u00A0\u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043A, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0446\u0435 \u043C\u043B\u0435\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u043A\u0430, \u0434\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044B\u0445 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0447\u0435\u043A \u043E\u043F\u0438\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0430\u043A\u0430 (Papaver somniferum). \u0421\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E 20 \u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043E\u0432. \u0412 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0438\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0443\u0442\u043E\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E. \u041E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A\u043E \u043E\u043D \u0431\u044B\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u0440\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043B\u0438\u0448\u044C \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0441\u044B\u0440\u044C\u0435 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043E\u043F\u0430\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432."@ru , "L'oppio \u00E8 uno stupefacente ottenuto incidendo le capsule immature del Papaver somniferum e raccogliendone il lattice che trasuda, che poi viene lasciato rapprendere all'aria in una resina scura che viene impastata in pani di colore bruno, che emanano un odore dolciastro e hanno un sapore amaro."@it , "Afyon, ha\u015Fha\u015F kaps\u00FCllerinin \u00E7izilmesiyle s\u0131zan, s\u00FCte benzer \u00F6zsuyunun toplanmas\u0131yla elde edilen uyu\u015Fturucu madde. Ha\u015Fha\u015F kaps\u00FClleri uygun olgunlukta \u00E7izilir, \u00E7iziklerden s\u0131zan s\u0131v\u0131 p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015F\u0131r ve \u00F6zel b\u0131\u00E7aklarla al\u0131n\u0131r. Havan\u0131n etkisiyle s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n rengi koyu kahverengi olur. Bu afyondur. Eczac\u0131l\u0131kta morfin, kodein, tabain, papaverin vb. alkoloitlerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Az zehirli say\u0131labilir ama al\u0131\u015Fkanl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011F\u0131 i\u00E7in uyu\u015Fturucu madde olarak da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Afyonun keskin, ho\u015F olmayan kokusu ve ac\u0131 bir tad\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bile\u015Fiminde takriben; % 10 morfin, %5 kodein, %6 narkotin bulunabilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca afyonun i\u00E7eri\u011Finde \u015Feker, protein, kau\u00E7uk ya\u011F\u0131 gibi maddeler ile alkoloid denilen zehirli madde bulunur ki i\u00E7lerinde en zehirlisi morfindir"@tr , "\u30A2\u30D8\u30F3\uFF08\u963F\u7247\u3001\u9D09\u7247\uFF09\u306F\u9EBB\u85AC\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3067\u3001\u30B1\u30B7\uFF08\u82A5\u5B50\uFF09\u306E\u5B9F\u304B\u3089\u751F\u7523\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u30A2\u30D8\u30F3\u306E\u540D\u306F\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\u540D opium \u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u306E\u97F3\u8A33\u3067\u3042\u308B\u963F\u7247\uFF08a pi\u00E0n \u30A2\u30FC\u30D4\u30A7\u30F3\uFF09\u3092\u65E5\u672C\u8A9E\u8AAD\u307F\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u660E\u4EE3\u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u3001\u6C5F\u6238\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u65E5\u672C\u3067\u306F\u963F\u8299\u84C9\uFF08\u3042\u3075\u3088\u3046\uFF09\u3068\u66F8\u3044\u305F\u3002"@ja , "Opium - substancja otrzymywana przez wysuszenie soku mlecznego z niedojrza\u0142ych mak\u00F3wek maku lekarskiego (Papaver somniferum). Zawiera oko\u0142o 40 alkaloid\u00F3w, kt\u00F3re mo\u017Cna podzieli\u0107 na dwa rodzaje: pochodne fenantrenu pochodne izochinoliny. Opium by\u0142o w przesz\u0142o\u015Bci u\u017Cywane g\u0142\u00F3wnie jako \u015Brodek przeciwb\u00F3lowy, uspokajaj\u0105cy, nasenny i odurzaj\u0105cy. Stosowane by\u0142o g\u0142\u00F3wnie w postaci nalewki alkoholowej lub palone. Szczeg\u00F3lnie szeroko opium stosowano w Europie i USA w XIX wieku. Pr\u00F3by ograniczania sprowadzania brytyjskiego opium do Chin doprowadzi\u0142y do wojen opiumowych. Wed\u0142ug r\u00F3\u017Cnych \u017Ar\u00F3de\u0142 opium zawiera oko\u0142o 25 czynnych sk\u0142adnik\u00F3w stosowanych w lecznictwie, m. in. takie alkaloidy jak morfina, kodeina, narkotyna, papaweryna i inne. R\u00F3wnie\u017C makowiny, tj. suche, dojrza\u0142e i opr\u00F3\u017Cnione z nasion torebki maku, wraz z szypu\u0142kami oraz wym\u0142\u00F3cona s\u0142oma makowa s\u0105 \u017Ar\u00F3d\u0142em tych samych alkaloid\u00F3w. Pochodna morfiny - kodeina stosowana jest jako lek uspokajaj\u0105cy i znosz\u0105cy odruch kaszlu. Podobnie, przeciwkaszlowe dzia\u0142anie ma narkotyna, kt\u00F3ra jednocze\u015Bnie pobudza o\u015Brodek oddechowy. Papaweryna u\u017Cywana jest przy kolce jelitowej, w\u0105trobowej i innych narz\u0105d\u00F3w, gdy\u017C blokuje bod\u017Ace nerwowe powoduj\u0105ce skurcz mi\u0119\u015Bni g\u0142adkich uk\u0142adu pokarmowego. Obecnie znaczna cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 \u015Bwiatowej produkcji opium pochodzi z Afganistanu, gdzie jest g\u0142\u00F3wnym \u017Ar\u00F3d\u0142em utrzymania miejscowych ch\u0142op\u00F3w."@pl , "L'opi \u00E9s una droga analg\u00E8sica narc\u00F2tica que s'extrau dels caps del cascall (Papaver somniferum)."@ca , "Opium er luftt\u00F8rket saft fra umodne fr\u00F8kapsler fra opiumsvalmuen (Papaver somniferum L. eller synonymet paeoniflorum). For \u00E5 utvinne opium skrapes fr\u00F8kapslene med en skarp kniv eller liknende, slik at saften i kapslene siver ut. I l\u00F8pet av noen timer st\u00F8rkner denne saften og blir brun eller sort. Dette kalles r\u00E5opium. Opium inneholder mange forskjellige alkaloider, bl.a. morfin, kodein, tebain og papaverin. Medikamenter basert p\u00E5 morfinlignende opiumsalkaloider kalles opiater, en undergruppe av opioidene som er forbindelser med morfinlignende effekt. Opium blir omsatt b\u00E5de i det legale og illegale marked, og er opphav til en rekke legemidler. Opium kan bli foredlet til heroin. Tommelfingerregelen er at ti kilo opium blir til \u00E9n kilo heroin."@no , "El opio es una droga analg\u00E9sica narc\u00F3tica que se extrae de las cabezas verdes de la adormidera . La adormidera (parecida a una amapola com\u00FAn), es una planta que puede llegar a crecer un metro y medio y con flores blancas, violetas o fucsia. Es una planta anual, que puede comenzar su ciclo en oto\u00F1o aunque lo habitual es a partir de enero, florece siempre a finales de mayo y es cuando se puede proceder a la recolecta del opio."@es , "\u9E26\u7247\uFF08\u963F\u7247\uFF0C\u82F1\u8BED\uFF1Aopium\uFF09\uFF0C\u4FD7\u79F0\u5927\u70DF\u3001\u963F\u8299\u84C9\uFF08\u963F\u62C9\u4F2F\u8BED\uFF1AAfy\u016Bm\uFF09\u6216\u798F\u5BFF\u818F\uFF0C\u5C5E\u5929\u7136\u9EBB\u9189\u6291\u5236\u5242\uFF0C\u533B\u5B66\u4E0A\u4F5C\u9EBB\u9189\u6027\u9547\u75DB\u836F\uFF1B\u975E\u79D1\u5B66\u7814\u7A76\u6216\u975E\u533B\u7528\uFF0C\u5219\u5F52\u7C7B\u4E8E\u6BD2\u54C1\u3002\u4F5C\u4E3A\u6BD2\u54C1\uFF0C\u4F20\u7EDF\u7528\u4E8E\u9E26\u7247\u7684\u5438\u6BD2\u5DE5\u5177\u6709\u70DF\u7B7E\u3001\u70DF\u706F\u3001\u70DF\u67AA\u7B49\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u5C06\u751F\u9E26\u7247\u52A0\u5DE5\u6210\u719F\u9E26\u7247\uFF0C\u7136\u540E\u6413\u6210\u5C0F\u4E38\u6216\u5C0F\u6761\uFF0C\u5728\u706B\u4E0A\u70E4\u708A\u8F6F\u540E\uFF0C\u585E\u8FDB\u70DF\u67AA\u7684\u70DF\u9505\u88CF\uFF0C\u7FFB\u8F6C\u70DF\u9505\u5BF9\u51C6\u706B\u82D7\uFF0C\u5438\u98DF\u71C3\u70E7\u4EA7\u751F\u7684\u70DF\uFF1B\u5438\u6BD2\u4EBA\u5458\u4E2D\u70DF\u763E\u4E0D\u5927\u8005\u6BCF\u5929\u5438\u98DF10\uFF5E20\u6B21\uFF0C\u91CD\u8005\u6BCF\u5929\u767E\u9918\u6B21\uFF1B\u73B0\u5728\u5438\u6BD2\u8005\u5E38\u76F4\u63A5\u541E\u670D\u9E26\u7247\u5C0F\u4E38\uFF0C\u6216\u628A\u9E26\u7247\u6EB6\u4E8E\u6C34\u4E2D\u76F4\u63A5\u7528\u9488\u8FDB\u884C\u9759\u8109\u6CE8\u5C04\uFF0C\u800C\u9759\u8109\u6CE8\u5C04\u6210\u4E3A\u827E\u6ECB\u75C5\u4F20\u64AD\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u9014\u5F84\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u5BF9\u8D29\u5356\u9E26\u7247\uFF0C\u7D2F\u8BA1\u91CD\u91CF\u8D85\u8FC71000\u514B\uFF08\u7EA6\u54082.2\u78C5\uFF09\u5373\u53EF\u5224\u5904\u6B7B\u5211\u3002"@zh , "F\u00E1jl:Harvesting opium. jpg \u00F3pium arat\u00E1s Az \u00F3pium vagy m\u00E1kony a m\u00E1k \u00E9retlen term\u00E9s\u00E9nek a leveg\u0151n koagul\u00E1lt nedve, amely sokf\u00E9le alkaloid\u00E1t tartalmaz (morfin, kodein, papaverin stb.). Er\u0151s narkotikum. A gy\u00F3gyszeripar f\u00E1jdalomcsillap\u00EDt\u00F3k\u00E9nt, g\u00F6rcsold\u00F3k\u00E9nt stb. haszn\u00E1lja. R\u00F3m\u00E1ban, Perzsi\u00E1ban, Indi\u00E1ban m\u00E1r id\u0151sz\u00E1m\u00EDt\u00E1sunk el\u0151tt is haszn\u00E1lt\u00E1k. Eur\u00F3p\u00E1ban a 17. sz\u00E1zadt\u00F3l a vezet\u0151 f\u00E1jdalomcsillap\u00EDt\u00F3."@hu , "Opium je omamn\u00E1 l\u00E1tka (opi\u00E1t) z\u00EDskan\u00E1 z m\u00E1ku set\u00E9ho, p\u0159esn\u011Bji z nezral\u00FDch makovic."@cs , "O \u00F3pio (do grego \u00F3pion, \"suco de papoila\", pelo latim opiu) \u00E9 um suco espesso que se extrai dos frutos imaturos de v\u00E1rias esp\u00E9cies de papoilas son\u00EDferas, e que \u00E9 utilizada como narc\u00F3tico. O uso do \u00F3pio mascado ou fumado, que se espalhou no Oriente, provoca euforia, seguida de um sono on\u00EDrico; o uso repetido conduz ao h\u00E1bito, \u00E0 depend\u00EAncia qu\u00EDmica, e a seguir a uma decad\u00EAncia f\u00EDsica e intelectual, uma vez que \u00E9 efetivamente um veneno estupefaciente. A medicina o utiliza, assim como os alcal\u00F3ides que ele cont\u00E9m, como son\u00EDfero analg\u00E9sico. Em v\u00E1rios pa\u00EDses subdesenvolvidos do mundo, muitas vezes a falta de op\u00E7\u00F5es leva boa parte dos camponeses a trabalhar no cultivo de plantas como a papoila, que est\u00E1 na base da produ\u00E7\u00E3o industrial do \u00F3pio."@pt , "Oopiumi on oopiumiunikosta saatava narkoottinen p\u00E4ihde. Oopiumi on saanut nimens\u00E4 kreikan kielen sanasta opos, joka tarkoittaa mehua. Oopiumista voidaan valmistaa useita p\u00E4ihteit\u00E4 ja l\u00E4\u00E4kkeit\u00E4 joista k\u00E4ytet\u00E4\u00E4n nimikett\u00E4 opiaatit. Niit\u00E4 ovat muun muassa heroiini, kodeiini, morfiini ja laudanumi."@fi , "Opium is a narcotic formed from the latex released by lacerating (or \"scoring\") the immature seed pods of opium poppies. It contains up to 12% morphine, an opiate alkaloid, which is most frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. The resin also includes codeine and non-narcotic alkaloids, such as papaverine, thebaine and noscapine. Meconium historically referred to related, weaker preparations made from other parts of the poppy or different species of poppies. Modern opium production is the culmination of millennia of production, in which the source poppy, methods of extraction and processing, and methods of consumption have become increasingly potent. Cultivation of opium poppies for food, anesthesia, and ritual purposes dates back to at least the Neolithic Age. The Sumerian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Minoan, Greek, Roman, Persian and Arab Empires each made widespread use of opium, which was the most potent form of pain relief then available, allowing ancient surgeons to perform prolonged surgical procedures. Opium is mentioned in the most important medical texts of the ancient world, including the Ebers Papyrus and the writings of Dioscorides, Galen, and Avicenna. Widespread medical use of unprocessed opium continued through the American Civil War before giving way to morphine and its successors, which could be injected at a precisely controlled dosage. American morphine is still produced primarily from poppies grown and processed in India in the traditional manner and remains the standard of pain relief for casualties of war. In China recreational use of the drug began in the fifteenth century but was limited by its rarity and expense. Opium trade became more regular by the seventeenth century, when it was mixed with tobacco for smoking, and addiction was first recognized. Opium prohibition in China began in 1729 yet was followed by nearly two centuries of increasing opium use. China had a positive balance sheet in trading with the British, which led to a decrease of the British silver stocks. Therefore, the British tried to encourage Chinese opium use to enhance their balance, and they delivered it from Indian provinces under British control. A massive confiscation of opium by the Chinese emperor, who tried to stop the opium deliveries, led to two Opium Wars in 1839 and 1858, in which Britain suppressed China and traded opium all over the country. After 1860, opium use continued to increase with widespread domestic production in China, until more than a quarter of the male population was addicted by 1905. Recreational or addictive opium use in other nations remained rare into the late nineteenth century, recorded by an ambivalent literature that sometimes praised the drug. Global regulation of opium began with the stigmatization of Chinese immigrants and opium dens in San Francisco, leading rapidly from town ordinances in the 1870s to the formation of the International Opium Commission in 1909. During this period, the portrayal of opium in literature became squalid and violent, British opium trade was largely supplanted by domestic Chinese production, purified morphine and heroin became widely available for injection, and patent medicines containing opiates reached a peak of popularity. Opium was prohibited in many countries during the early twentieth century, leading to the modern pattern of opium production as a precursor for illegal recreational drugs or tightly regulated legal prescription drugs. Illicit opium production, now dominated by Afghanistan, was decimated in 2000 when production was banned by the Taliban, but has increased steadily since the fall of the Taliban in 2001 and over the course of the War in Afghanistan. Worldwide production in 2006 was 6610 metric tonnes - nearly one-fifth the level of production in 1906. Opium for illegal use is often converted into heroin, which multiplies its potency to approximately twice that of morphine, can be taken by intravenous injection, and is easier to smuggle."@en , "\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B:Field of opium. jpg \u041E\u043F\u0456\u0443\u043C\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041E\u0301\u043F\u0456\u0443\u043C (\u043E\u0301\u043F\u0456\u0439) \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0456\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043A, \u0449\u043E \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u043A\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043B\u0456 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0447\u043E\u043A \u043E\u043F\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0430\u043A\u0430 (Papaver somniferum). \u041C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 20 \u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0457\u0434\u0456\u0432 . \u0412 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044F\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043C\u043E\u0440\u0444\u0456\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0457\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0439\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0431. \u041E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043A\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043F\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043B\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u044F\u043A \u0441\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0435\u0431\u043E\u043B\u044E\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432."@uk , "Opium ist der durch Anritzen gewonnene getrocknete Milchsaft unreifer, ausgewachsener Samenkapseln des zu den Mohngew\u00E4chsen geh\u00F6renden Schlafmohns (bot. Papaver somniferum L.). Im Verlauf des Trocknungsprozesses entsteht aus dem Milchsaft durch Autoxidation eine braune bis schwarze Masse, das Rohopium (siehe Abbildung weiter unten). Die wirksamen Hauptbestandteile des Opiums sind die Alkaloide Morphin, Codein und Thebain. Das synthetische Diacetylmorphin, allgemein als Heroin bekannt, ist das weitest verbreitete illegale Morphin-Derivat."@de , "Opium, mj\u00F6lksaften fr\u00E5n opiumvallmon (Papaver somniferum L. , Papaveraceae). 80 % av allt opium kommer fr\u00E5n Afghanistan. Drogen har anv\u00E4nts i tusentals \u00E5r inom folkmedicinen f\u00F6r att lindra sm\u00E4rta, motverka diarr\u00E9, d\u00E4mpa \u00E5ngest och ge s\u00F6mn. Drogen ger en euforisk effekt. Opium inneh\u00E5ller ett tjugotal verksamma alkaloider bl.a. morfin, noskapin, kodein, papaverin och tebain. Alkaloider fr\u00E5n plantan med sm\u00E4rtstillande och euforiska effekter kallas tillsammans med syntetiska \u00E4mnen som p\u00E5verkar kroppen p\u00E5 liknande s\u00E4tt f\u00F6r opiater eller opioider. Opium anv\u00E4nds huvudsakligen som r\u00E5vara f\u00F6r framst\u00E4llning av morfin (som det best\u00E5r mest av, cirka 16 %), kodein och andra opiumalkaloider. Opium \u00E4r, som sina alkaloider tebain, morfin och kodein, narkotikaklassat i Sverige och odlas illegalt i delar av v\u00E4rlden. Bland de mest k\u00E4nda semisyntetiska opiaterna finns heroin, \u00E4ven kallad f\u00F6r diacetylmorfin. Under 1800-talet odlades opium i Brittiska Indien, bl a i F\u00F6renade provinserna Agra och Oudh och exporterades d\u00E4rifr\u00E5n till Kina, vilket utl\u00F6ste opiumkrigen. De viktigaste odlingsomr\u00E5dena idag \u00E4r gyllene triangeln, som best\u00E5r av l\u00E4nderna Laos, Burma och Thailand och gyllene halvm\u00E5nen, som best\u00E5r av l\u00E4nderna Afghanistan, Pakistan och Iran."@sv ; rdfs:comment "\u30A2\u30D8\u30F3\uFF08\u963F\u7247\u3001\u9D09\u7247\uFF09\u306F\u9EBB\u85AC\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3067\u3001\u30B1\u30B7\uFF08\u82A5\u5B50\uFF09\u306E\u5B9F\u304B\u3089\u751F\u7523\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u30A2\u30D8\u30F3\u306E\u540D\u306F\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E\u540D opium \u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u306E\u97F3\u8A33\u3067\u3042\u308B\u963F\u7247\uFF08a pi\u00E0n \u30A2\u30FC\u30D4\u30A7\u30F3\uFF09\u3092\u65E5\u672C\u8A9E\u8AAD\u307F\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u660E\u4EE3\u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u3001\u6C5F\u6238\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u65E5\u672C\u3067\u306F\u963F\u8299\u84C9\uFF08\u3042\u3075\u3088\u3046\uFF09\u3068\u66F8\u3044\u305F\u3002"@ja , "Opium je omamn\u00E1 l\u00E1tka (opi\u00E1t) z\u00EDskan\u00E1 z m\u00E1ku set\u00E9ho, p\u0159esn\u011Bji z nezral\u00FDch makovic."@cs , "Opium is a narcotic formed from the latex released by lacerating (or \"scoring\") the immature seed pods of opium poppies. It contains up to 12% morphine, an opiate alkaloid, which is most frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. The resin also includes codeine and non-narcotic alkaloids, such as papaverine, thebaine and noscapine. Meconium historically referred to related, weaker preparations made from other parts of the poppy or different species of poppies."@en , "Opium er luftt\u00F8rket saft fra umodne fr\u00F8kapsler fra opiumsvalmuen (Papaver somniferum L. eller synonymet paeoniflorum). For \u00E5 utvinne opium skrapes fr\u00F8kapslene med en skarp kniv eller liknende, slik at saften i kapslene siver ut. I l\u00F8pet av noen timer st\u00F8rkner denne saften og blir brun eller sort. Dette kalles r\u00E5opium. Opium inneholder mange forskjellige alkaloider, bl.a. morfin, kodein, tebain og papaverin."@no , "Opium ist der durch Anritzen gewonnene getrocknete Milchsaft unreifer, ausgewachsener Samenkapseln des zu den Mohngew\u00E4chsen geh\u00F6renden Schlafmohns (bot. Papaver somniferum L.). Im Verlauf des Trocknungsprozesses entsteht aus dem Milchsaft durch Autoxidation eine braune bis schwarze Masse, das Rohopium (siehe Abbildung weiter unten). Die wirksamen Hauptbestandteile des Opiums sind die Alkaloide Morphin, Codein und Thebain."@de , "Opium, mj\u00F6lksaften fr\u00E5n opiumvallmon (Papaver somniferum L. , Papaveraceae). 80 % av allt opium kommer fr\u00E5n Afghanistan. Drogen har anv\u00E4nts i tusentals \u00E5r inom folkmedicinen f\u00F6r att lindra sm\u00E4rta, motverka diarr\u00E9, d\u00E4mpa \u00E5ngest och ge s\u00F6mn. Drogen ger en euforisk effekt. Opium inneh\u00E5ller ett tjugotal verksamma alkaloider bl.a. morfin, noskapin, kodein, papaverin och tebain."@sv , "Afyon, ha\u015Fha\u015F kaps\u00FCllerinin \u00E7izilmesiyle s\u0131zan, s\u00FCte benzer \u00F6zsuyunun toplanmas\u0131yla elde edilen uyu\u015Fturucu madde. Ha\u015Fha\u015F kaps\u00FClleri uygun olgunlukta \u00E7izilir, \u00E7iziklerden s\u0131zan s\u0131v\u0131 p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015F\u0131r ve \u00F6zel b\u0131\u00E7aklarla al\u0131n\u0131r. Havan\u0131n etkisiyle s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n rengi koyu kahverengi olur. Bu afyondur. Eczac\u0131l\u0131kta morfin, kodein, tabain, papaverin vb. alkoloitlerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r."@tr , "O \u00F3pio (do grego \u00F3pion, \"suco de papoila\", pelo latim opiu) \u00E9 um suco espesso que se extrai dos frutos imaturos de v\u00E1rias esp\u00E9cies de papoilas son\u00EDferas, e que \u00E9 utilizada como narc\u00F3tico. O uso do \u00F3pio mascado ou fumado, que se espalhou no Oriente, provoca euforia, seguida de um sono on\u00EDrico; o uso repetido conduz ao h\u00E1bito, \u00E0 depend\u00EAncia qu\u00EDmica, e a seguir a uma decad\u00EAncia f\u00EDsica e intelectual, uma vez que \u00E9 efetivamente um veneno estupefaciente."@pt , "El opio es una droga analg\u00E9sica narc\u00F3tica que se extrae de las cabezas verdes de la adormidera . La adormidera (parecida a una amapola com\u00FAn), es una planta que puede llegar a crecer un metro y medio y con flores blancas, violetas o fucsia. Es una planta anual, que puede comenzar su ciclo en oto\u00F1o aunque lo habitual es a partir de enero, florece siempre a finales de mayo y es cuando se puede proceder a la recolecta del opio."@es , "Opium is het ingedroogde melksap van de opiumpapaver of slaapbol (Papaver somniferum; 'somniferum' betekent 'slaap brengend'), dat een aantal alkalo\u00EFden bevat waarvan code\u00EFne, morfine, noscapine en papaverine de belangrijkste zijn. Middelen die uit opium worden ge\u00EBxtraheerd, worden opiaten genoemd, maar niet alle opiaten worden uit opium gewonnen."@nl , "L'oppio \u00E8 uno stupefacente ottenuto incidendo le capsule immature del Papaver somniferum e raccogliendone il lattice che trasuda, che poi viene lasciato rapprendere all'aria in una resina scura che viene impastata in pani di colore bruno, che emanano un odore dolciastro e hanno un sapore amaro."@it , ""@zh , "Opiul este o substan\u0163\u0103 toxic\u0103 cu propriet\u0103\u0163i narcotice extras\u0103 din capsulele unor specii de mac \u015Fi \u00EEntrebuin\u0163at\u0103 ca somnifer, calmant, analgezic, stupefiant."@ro , "L\u2019opium est une pr\u00E9paration psychotrope obtenue \u00E0 partir du latex du pavot somnif\u00E8re. Ses effets provoquent notamment une somnolence chez le consommateur."@fr , "Oopiumi on oopiumiunikosta saatava narkoottinen p\u00E4ihde. Oopiumi on saanut nimens\u00E4 kreikan kielen sanasta opos, joka tarkoittaa mehua. Oopiumista voidaan valmistaa useita p\u00E4ihteit\u00E4 ja l\u00E4\u00E4kkeit\u00E4 joista k\u00E4ytet\u00E4\u00E4n nimikett\u00E4 opiaatit. Niit\u00E4 ovat muun muassa heroiini, kodeiini, morfiini ja laudanumi."@fi , ""@ru , "Opium - substancja otrzymywana przez wysuszenie soku mlecznego z niedojrza\u0142ych mak\u00F3wek maku lekarskiego (Papaver somniferum). Zawiera oko\u0142o 40 alkaloid\u00F3w, kt\u00F3re mo\u017Cna podzieli\u0107 na dwa rodzaje: pochodne fenantrenu pochodne izochinoliny. Opium by\u0142o w przesz\u0142o\u015Bci u\u017Cywane g\u0142\u00F3wnie jako \u015Brodek przeciwb\u00F3lowy, uspokajaj\u0105cy, nasenny i odurzaj\u0105cy. Stosowane by\u0142o g\u0142\u00F3wnie w postaci nalewki alkoholowej lub palone. Szczeg\u00F3lnie szeroko opium stosowano w Europie i USA w XIX wieku."@pl , "F\u00E1jl:Harvesting opium. jpg \u00F3pium arat\u00E1s Az \u00F3pium vagy m\u00E1kony a m\u00E1k \u00E9retlen term\u00E9s\u00E9nek a leveg\u0151n koagul\u00E1lt nedve, amely sokf\u00E9le alkaloid\u00E1t tartalmaz (morfin, kodein, papaverin stb.). Er\u0151s narkotikum. A gy\u00F3gyszeripar f\u00E1jdalomcsillap\u00EDt\u00F3k\u00E9nt, g\u00F6rcsold\u00F3k\u00E9nt stb. haszn\u00E1lja. R\u00F3m\u00E1ban, Perzsi\u00E1ban, Indi\u00E1ban m\u00E1r id\u0151sz\u00E1m\u00EDt\u00E1sunk el\u0151tt is haszn\u00E1lt\u00E1k. Eur\u00F3p\u00E1ban a 17. sz\u00E1zadt\u00F3l a vezet\u0151 f\u00E1jdalomcsillap\u00EDt\u00F3."@hu , "\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B:Field of opium. jpg \u041E\u043F\u0456\u0443\u043C\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041E\u0301\u043F\u0456\u0443\u043C (\u043E\u0301\u043F\u0456\u0439) \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0456\u044E\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0438\u043A, \u0449\u043E \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u043A\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043B\u0456 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0447\u043E\u043A \u043E\u043F\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0430\u043A\u0430 (Papaver somniferum). \u041C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 20 \u0430\u043B\u043A\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0457\u0434\u0456\u0432 ."@uk , "L'opi \u00E9s una droga analg\u00E8sica narc\u00F2tica que s'extrau dels caps del cascall (Papaver somniferum)."@ca ; foaf:depiction . @prefix skos: . @prefix ns12: . dbpedia:Opium skos:subject ns12:Medicinal_plants , ns12:Opioids . @prefix ns13: . dbpedia:Opium dbpprop:wikiPageUsesTemplate ns13:convert , ns13:infobox_botanical_product , ns13:portal ; dbpprop:part dbpedia:Sap ; dbpprop:convertProperty 407000 , "acre"@en , "km2"@en ; dbpprop:producers dbpedia:Laos , dbpedia:Hungary , dbpedia:Myanmar , dbpedia:Northern_India , dbpedia:Mexico , dbpedia:Colombia , dbpedia:Afghanistan , dbpedia:Thailand ; dbpprop:plant dbpedia:Papaver_somniferum ; dbpprop:consumers "worldwide"@en ; dbpprop:wholesale "$3,000 per kilogram"@en . @prefix ns14: . dbpedia:Opium dbpprop:relatedInstance ns14:see_also1 , ns14:see_also2 ; dbpprop:portalProperty "Pharmacy and Pharmacology"@en , "Tabletten.JPG"@en ; dbpprop:product "Opium"@en ; dbpprop:origin dbpedia:Indochina ; dbpprop:active dbpedia:Codeine , dbpedia:Morphine ; dbpprop:retail "$16,000 per kilogram"@en . @prefix ns15: . dbpedia:Opium dbpprop:hasPhotoCollection ns15:Opium . dbpprop:disambiguates dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:John_Arderne dbpedia-owl:knownFor dbpedia:Opium . @prefix ns16: . dbpedia:John_Arderne ns16:knownFor dbpedia:Opium ; dbpprop:knownFor dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Economy_of_Afghanistan dbpprop:exportGoods dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Opium_trade dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Opium_abuse dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Opium_preparation dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Raw_Opium dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Afeem dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Opeum dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Powdered_Opium dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Shanghai_Sally dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Granulated_Opium dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Opium . dbpedia:Opium_addiction dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Opium .