@prefix dbp: .
@prefix dbr: .
dbr:Shaheen-III dbp:filling dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:New_START dbp:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Lahore_Declaration dbp:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
@prefix dbo: .
dbr:Roger_Batzel dbo:knownFor dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
@prefix foaf: .
@prefix wikipedia-en: .
wikipedia-en:Nuclear_weapon foaf:primaryTopic dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Fission_bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_Weaponry dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Super_nuke dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Super_Bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_Arms dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Abomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atomic_bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_Bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atomic_Bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nukes dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_device dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atomic_weapons dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_bombing dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nucular_bombs dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atombomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_Weapons dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:A-Bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_missile dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:A-bombs dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:First_nuclear_fission_bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_Missle dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:A-bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atom_Bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_Weapon dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Gembaku dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Genbaku dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_bombs dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_power_weapon dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_warheads dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:N-Bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:NBomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:N_Bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nbomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_arms dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_warhead dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:A_bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atomic_bombing dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atomic_bombs dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atom_bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atom_bombs dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atomic_weapon dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Effects_of_a_nuclear_weapon dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nucular_weapon dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_weaponry dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:A-Bombs dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Neuclear_bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nukuler_bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:The_Atomic_Bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear-warhead dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Atomic_warhead dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear-weapon dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_devices dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_button dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear-tipped_missile dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_ordnance dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_war_weapon dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Superbomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear_fission_weapon dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Plutonium_bomb dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Nuclear dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbo:knownFor dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbo:nonFictionSubject dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Little_Boy dbo:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:RDS-1 dbo:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:TN_90 dbo:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbo:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Smiling_Buddha dbp:deviceType dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Strategic_Offensive_Reductions_Treaty dbp:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:START_II dbp:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:AGM-69_SRAM dbo:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbo:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Mark_45_torpedo dbo:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:START_I dbp:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
dbr:Fat_Man dbo:type dbr:Nuclear_weapon .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix owl: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon rdf:type owl:Thing ,
dbo:Device .
@prefix rdfs: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon rdfs:label "Kernwaffe"@de ,
"\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062D \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A"@ar ,
"\u6838\u5175\u5668"@ja ,
"\u6838\u6B66\u5668"@zh ,
"Arma nucleare"@it ,
"Arme nucl\u00E9aire"@fr ,
"\u042F\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0435"@ru ,
"Nuclear weapon"@en ,
"Kernwapen"@nl ,
"Bomba nuclear"@pt ,
"Arma nuclear"@es ,
"Bro\u0144 j\u0105drowa"@pl ;
rdfs:comment "Een kernwapen (ook wel kernbom, atoombom of atoomwapen) is een type wapen dat gebruikmaakt van de energie die is opgeslagen in de kernen van atomen om een ontploffing te veroorzaken. Conventionele explosieven ontploffen door chemische reacties, waarbij de atoomkernen onveranderd blijven. Hoewel alle kernwapens gebaseerd zijn op het in korte tijd ontketenen van kernreacties, is er een aantal soorten te onderscheiden. In januari 2009 bezaten acht staten in totaal ruim 23.300 kernwapens."@nl ,
"Sono armi nucleari tutte le armi, nella gran maggioranza bombe e testate esplosive per missili, che sfruttano reazioni di fissione nucleare e/o di fusione nucleare. Le armi nucleari sono armi di distruzione di massa."@it ,
"\u6838\u5175\u5668\uFF08\u304B\u304F\u3078\u3044\u304D\u3001\u82F1: nuclear weapon\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u6838\u5206\u88C2\u306E\u9023\u9396\u53CD\u5FDC\u3001\u307E\u305F\u306F\u6838\u878D\u5408\u53CD\u5FDC\u3067\u653E\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u308B\u81A8\u5927\u306A\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7206\u98A8\u3001\u71B1\u653E\u5C04\u3084\u653E\u5C04\u7DDA\u52B9\u679C\u306A\u3069\u306E\u4F5C\u7528\u3092\u7834\u58CA\u306B\u7528\u3044\u308B\u5175\u5668\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3002\u539F\u5B50\u7206\u5F3E\u3001\u6C34\u7D20\u7206\u5F3E\u3001\u4E2D\u6027\u5B50\u7206\u5F3E\u7B49\u306E\u6838\u7206\u5F3E\uFF08\u6838\u5F3E\u982D\uFF09\u3068\u305D\u308C\u3092\u904B\u642C\u3059\u308B\u904B\u642C\u5175\u5668\u3067\u69CB\u6210\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u6838\u5175\u5668\u306F\u751F\u7269\u5175\u5668\u3001\u5316\u5B66\u5175\u5668\u3068\u5408\u308F\u305B\u3066NBC\u5175\u5668\uFF08\u53C8\u306FABC\u5175\u5668\uFF09\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u5927\u91CF\u7834\u58CA\u5175\u5668\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4E00\u90E8\u653E\u5C04\u80FD\u5175\u5668\u3082\u542B\u3081\u3066\u6838\u5175\u5668\u3068\u79F0\u3059\u308B\u5834\u5408\u304C\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u53B3\u5BC6\u306B\u306F\u653E\u5C04\u80FD\u5175\u5668\u3092\u6838\u5175\u5668\u306B\u5206\u985E\u3059\u308B\u306E\u306F\u8AA4\u308A\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u6838\u5175\u5668\u306F\u3001\u4EBA\u985E\u304C\u958B\u767A\u3057\u305F\u6700\u3082\u5F37\u529B\u306A\u5175\u5668\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u305D\u306E\u7206\u767A\u306F\u4E00\u767A\u3067\u90FD\u5E02\u3092\u58CA\u6EC5\u3055\u305B\u308B\u4E8B\u3082\u53EF\u80FD\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u5A01\u529B\u3086\u3048\u306B\u300120\u4E16\u7D00\u5F8C\u534A\u306B\u914D\u5099\u6570\u304C\u5897\u3048\u308B\u306B\u3064\u308C\u6838\u6226\u4E89\u306E\u8105\u5A01\u304C\u60F3\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u308A\u3001\u5358\u306A\u308B\u5175\u5668\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u56FD\u5BB6\u306E\u547D\u904B\u3001\u4EBA\u985E\u306E\u5B58\u4EA1\u306B\u3082\u5F71\u97FF\u3059\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u958B\u767A\u30FB\u914D\u5099\u3078\u306E\u52D5\u304D\u306E\u307F\u306A\u3089\u305A\u3001\u898F\u5236\u30FB\u5EC3\u68C4\u306E\u52D5\u304D\u306A\u3069\u69D8\u3005\u306A\u8B70\u8AD6\u306E\u5BFE\u8C61\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u304D\u305F\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u5B9F\u6226\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u305F\u306E\u304C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6226\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u4E8C\u767A\uFF08\u5E83\u5CF6\u30FB\u9577\u5D0E\uFF09\u306E\u307F\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u4F7F\u7528\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u914D\u5099\u306B\u3088\u308B\u6291\u6B62\u529B\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305D\u306E\u610F\u7FA9\u304C\u8A55\u4FA1\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u5074\u9762\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002"@ja ,
"Une arme nucl\u00E9aire est une arme non conventionnelle qui utilise l'\u00E9nergie d\u00E9gag\u00E9e par la fission de noyaux atomiques lourds (uranium, plutonium dans le cas des bombes A), ou par une combinaison de ce ph\u00E9nom\u00E8ne avec celui de la fusion de noyaux atomiques l\u00E9gers (hydrog\u00E8ne dans le cas des bombes H). L'\u00E9nergie lib\u00E9r\u00E9e par l'explosion s'exprime par son \u00E9quivalent en TNT. L'Institut international de recherche sur la paix de Stockholm (SIPRI) estime le nombre de t\u00EAtes nucl\u00E9aires dans le monde \u00E0 environ 19 000 dont 4 400 op\u00E9rationnelles en janvier 2012."@fr ,
"Bomba nuclear, tamb\u00E9m chamada de bomba at\u00F4mica (portugu\u00EAs brasileiro) ou at\u00F3mica (portugu\u00EAs europeu), \u00E9 um dispositivo explosivo que deriva sua for\u00E7a destrutiva das rea\u00E7\u00F5es nucleares, tanto de fiss\u00E3o ou de uma combina\u00E7\u00E3o de fiss\u00E3o e fus\u00E3o. Ambas as rea\u00E7\u00F5es liberam grandes quantidades de energia a partir de quantidades relativamente pequenas de mat\u00E9ria. O primeiro teste de uma bomba de fiss\u00E3o (\"at\u00F4mica\"), o teste Trinity, marco para a entrada na Era Nuclear, liberou a mesma quantidade de energia de cerca de 20 mil toneladas de TNT. O primeiro teste de uma bomba termonuclear (\"hidrog\u00EAnio\") liberou uma quantidade de energia equivalente a cerca de 10 milh\u00F5es de toneladas de TNT. Uma arma termonuclear moderna, pesando pouco mais de 1,1 kg, pode produzir uma for\u00E7a explosiva equivalente \u00E0 detona\u00E7"@pt ,
"\u6838\u6B66\u5668\uFF0C\u5229\u7528\u6838\u53CD\u5E94\u7684\u5149\u70ED\u8F90\u5C04\u3001\u96FB\u78C1\u8108\u885D\u3001\u51B2\u51FB\u6CE2\u548C\u611F\u751F\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u9020\u6210\u6740\u4F24\u548C\u7834\u574F\u4F5C\u7528\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u9020\u6210\u5927\u9762\u79EF\u653E\u5C04\u6027\u6C61\u67D3\uFF0C\u963B\u6B62\u5BF9\u65B9\u519B\u4E8B\u884C\u52A8\u4EE5\u8FBE\u5230\u6218\u7565\u76EE\u7684\u7684\u5927\u6740\u4F24\u529B\u6B66\u5668\u3002\u4E3B\u8981\u5305\u62EC\u6838\u5206\u88C2\u6B66\u5668\uFF08\u7B2C\u4E00\u4EE3\u6838\u6B66\uFF0C\u901A\u5E38\u7A31\u70BA\u539F\u5B50\u5F39\uFF09\u548C\u6838\u878D\u5408\u6B66\u5668\uFF08\u4EA6\u7A31\u70BA\u6C2B\u5F48\uFF0C\u5206\u4E3A\u4E24\u7D1A\u53CA\u4E09\u7D1A\u5F0F\uFF09\u3002\u4EA6\u6709\u4E9B\u8FD8\u5728\u6B66\u5668\u5185\u90E8\u653E\u5165\u5177\u6709\u611F\u751F\u653E\u5C04\u7684\u8F7B\u5143\u7D20\uFF0C\u4EE5\u589E\u5927\u8F90\u5C04\u5F3A\u5EA6\u6269\u5927\u6C61\u67D3\uFF0C\u6216\u52A0\u5F37\u4E2D\u5B50\u653E\u5C04\u4EE5\u6BBA\u50B7\u4EBA\u54E1\uFF08\u5982\u4E2D\u5B50\u5F39\uFF09\u3002\u6838\u6B66\u5668\u4E5F\u53EB\u6838\u5B50\u6B66\u5668\u6216\u539F\u5B50\u6B66\u5668\u3002 \u9664\u6B64\u4EE5\u5916\uFF0C\u6838\u6B66\u5668\u9084\u53EF\u4EE5\u6839\u64DA\u7528\u9014\u800C\u7D30\u5206\u70BA\u6230\u7565\u6838\u6B66\u5668\u53CA\u6230\u8853\u6838\u6B66\u5668\uFF0C\u524D\u8005\u662F\u4E00\u822C\u610F\u7FA9\u4E0A\u7684\u6838\u6B66\u5668\u7BC4\u7587\uFF0C\u70BA\u5927\u7576\u91CF\u7684\u6838\u6B66\u5668\u548C\u9060\u5C04\u7A0B\uFF0C\u5F8C\u8005\u5247\u5C6C\u65BC\u5C0F\u7576\u91CF\u548C\u8FD1\u5C04\u7A0B\u3002\u5176\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5F8C\u8005\u53EF\u7528\u65BC\u6230\u722D\u524D\u7DDA\u3002\u6230\u8853\u6838\u6B66\u5668\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u4EE5\u53CA\u767C\u5C55\u76F8\u5C0D\u6230\u7565\u6838\u6B66\u5668\u70BA\u9072\u7DE9\uFF0C\u662F\u5728\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6B21\u4E16\u754C\u5927\u6218\u4EE5\u5F8C\u591A\u5E74\u624D\u9010\u6B65\u5F62\u6210\u7684\uFF0C\u800C\u6230\u8853\u6838\u6B66\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5C0D\u6838\u80FD\u6280\u8853\u7684\u8981\u6C42\u4EA6\u8F03\u9AD8\u4EE5\u53CA\u8907\u96DC\uFF0C\u5176\u524D\u63D0\u662F\u8981\u64C1\u6709\u6230\u7565\u6838\u6B66\u5668\u3002"@zh ,
"Un arma nuclear es un explosivo de alto poder que utiliza la energ\u00EDa nuclear. Esto incluye los vectores que la \"entregan\", que pueden ser los misiles bal\u00EDsticos intercontinentales, los misiles bal\u00EDsticos de lanzamiento submarino, y los bombarderos de largo alcance. Tal vez se podr\u00EDa incluir parte de la infraestructura involucrada en su manejo y operaci\u00F3n."@es ,
"A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion (thermonuclear weapon). Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first test of a fission (\"atomic\") bomb released the same amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tons of TNT (84 TJ). The first thermonuclear (\"hydrogen\") bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 10 million tons of TNT (42 PJ)."@en ,
"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062D \u062A\u062F\u0645\u064A\u0631 \u0641\u062A\u0627\u0643 \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A\u060C \u064A\u0639\u062A\u0645\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0642\u0648\u062A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062F\u0645\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A\u061B \u0648\u0646\u062A\u064A\u062C\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062C\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0635\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062C\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0636\u062E\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0642\u0644\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629\u060C \u062D\u064A\u062B \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u062A\u062F\u0645\u064A\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u062F\u062D\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062F\u064A\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062A\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062D\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062D\u0629 \u062F\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064A\u062E\u0636\u0639 \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0631\u062C\u0629 \u0648\u064A\u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064A \u0646\u062D\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062A\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062F\u0641\u0627\u064B \u062A\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644."@ar ,
"\u042F\u0301\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043A\u0443\u043F\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u044F\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0431\u043E\u0435\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0432, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043A\u0438 \u043A \u0446\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u041E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A \u043E\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u044E \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F (\u043D\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u043E\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0435\u043C). \u042F\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0431\u043E\u0435\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0441 \u2014 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u044B\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u044F\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0443\u044E \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044E \u2014 \u044D\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044E, \u0432\u044B\u0441\u0432\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0443\u044E\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043B\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043F\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u044F\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0442\u044F\u0436\u0451\u043B\u044B\u0445 \u044F\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0438/\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u043E\u044F\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u043B\u0451\u0433\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u044F\u0434\u0435\u0440."@ru ,
"Bro\u0144 j\u0105drowa \u2013 rodzaj broni masowego ra\u017Cenia wykorzystuj\u0105cej wewn\u0105trzj\u0105drow\u0105 energi\u0119 wydzielan\u0105 podczas niekontrolowanej \u0142a\u0144cuchowej reakcji rozszczepienia j\u0105der ci\u0119\u017Ckich pierwiastk\u00F3w (uranu i plutonu \u2013 bro\u0144 atomowa) lub reakcji termoj\u0105drowej syntezy lekkich pierwiastk\u00F3w z wodoru \u2013 bomba wodorowa \u2013 o sile wybuchu znacznie wi\u0119kszej od broni atomowej. Podobnie do ka\u017Cdego innego rodzaju broni, bro\u0144 j\u0105drowa jest trudna do jednoznacznego zdefiniowania. Jednak wed\u0142ug ameryka\u0144skiego Departamentu Obrony, broni\u0105 j\u0105drow\u0105 jest kompletne urz\u0105dzenie w jego zamierzonej ostatecznej konfiguracji, kt\u00F3re po zako\u0144czeniu procedur i proces\u00F3w uzbrojenia, fuzji oraz sekwencji odpalenia, zdolne jest do produkcji zamierzonej reakcji nuklearnej oraz uwolnienia energii."@pl ,
"Kernwaffen \u2013 auch Atomwaffen oder Nuklearwaffen genannt \u2013 sind Waffen, deren Wirkung auf den kernphysikalischen Reaktionen der Kernspaltung oder der Kernfusion beruht. Konventionelle Waffen beziehen dagegen ihre Explosionsenergie aus chemischen Reaktionen, bei denen die Atomkerne unver\u00E4ndert bleiben. Zusammen mit biologischen und chemischen Waffen geh\u00F6ren Kernwaffen zu den Massenvernichtungswaffen. Weitere spezifische Details finden sich im Artikel Kernwaffentechnik: Er erl\u00E4utert die Konstruktion der verschiedenen Kernwaffen-Typen."@de ;
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Nuclear_peace ,
dbr:List_of_books_about_nuclear_issues ,
dbr:History_of_the_anti-nuclear_movement ,
dbr:Nuclear_weapons_delivery ,
dbr:Nuclear_weapons_debate ,
dbr:Downwinders ,
dbr:Global_Positioning_System ,
dbr:Nuclear_Tipping_Point ;
owl:sameAs .
@prefix dbpedia-it: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon owl:sameAs dbpedia-it:Arma_nucleare .
@prefix dbpedia-wikidata: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon owl:sameAs dbpedia-wikidata:Q12802 .
@prefix ns10: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon owl:sameAs ns10:id .
@prefix dbpedia-nl: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon owl:sameAs dbpedia-nl:Kernwapen .
@prefix dbpedia-es: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon owl:sameAs dbpedia-es:Arma_nuclear ,
.
@prefix dbpedia-eu: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon owl:sameAs dbpedia-eu:Bonba_nuklear .
@prefix dbpedia-pt: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon owl:sameAs dbpedia-pt:Bomba_nuclear .
@prefix dbpedia-de: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon owl:sameAs dbpedia-de:Kernwaffe ,
,
,
,
.
@prefix wikidata: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon owl:sameAs wikidata:Q12802 ,
dbr:Nuclear_weapon ,
,
,
.
@prefix dbpedia-id: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon owl:sameAs dbpedia-id:Senjata_nuklir .
@prefix dct: .
@prefix dbc: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon dct:subject dbc:Articles_containing_video_clips ,
,
dbc:Nuclear_weapons ,
dbc:American_inventions ;
foaf:depiction ;
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Nuclear_weapon .
@prefix prov: .
dbr:Nuclear_weapon prov:wasDerivedFrom ;
dbo:wikiPageExternalLink ,
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dbo:abstract "A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion (thermonuclear weapon). Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first test of a fission (\"atomic\") bomb released the same amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tons of TNT (84 TJ). The first thermonuclear (\"hydrogen\") bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 10 million tons of TNT (42 PJ). A thermonuclear weapon weighing little more than 2,400 pounds (1,100 kg) can produce an explosive force comparable to the detonation of more than 1.2 million tons of TNT (5.0 PJ). A nuclear device no larger than traditional bombs can devastate an entire city by blast, fire, and radiation. Nuclear weapons are considered weapons of mass destruction, and their use and control have been a major focus of international relations policy since their debut. Nuclear weapons have been used twice in nuclear warfare, both times by the United States against Japan near the end of World War II. On August 6, 1945, the U.S. Army Air Forces detonated a uranium gun-type fission bomb nicknamed \"Little Boy\" over the Japanese city of Hiroshima; three days later, on August 9, the U.S. Army Air Forces detonated a plutonium implosion-type fission bomb codenamed \"Fat Man\" over the Japanese city of Nagasaki. The bombings resulted in the deaths of approximately 200,000 civilians and military personnel from acute injuries sustained from the explosions. The ethics of the bombings and their role in Japan's surrender remain the subject of scholarly and popular debate. Since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nuclear weapons have been detonated on over two thousand occasions for the purposes of testing and demonstration. Only a few nations possess such weapons or are suspected of seeking them. The only countries known to have detonated nuclear weapons\u2014and acknowledge possessing them\u2014are (chronologically by date of first test) the United States, the Soviet Union (succeeded as a nuclear power by Russia), the United Kingdom, France, the People's Republic of China, India, Pakistan, and North Korea. Israel is also believed to possess nuclear weapons, though in a policy of deliberate ambiguity, it does not acknowledge having them. Germany, Italy, Turkey, Belgium and the Netherlands are nuclear weapons sharing states. The nuclear non-proliferation treaty aimed to reduce the spread of nuclear weapons, but its effectiveness has been questioned, and political tensions remained high in the 1970s and 1980s. As of 2016, 16,000 nuclear weapons are stored at sites in 14 countries and many are ready for immediate use. Modernisation of weapons continues to occur."@en ,
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"Sono armi nucleari tutte le armi, nella gran maggioranza bombe e testate esplosive per missili, che sfruttano reazioni di fissione nucleare e/o di fusione nucleare. Le armi nucleari sono armi di distruzione di massa."@it ,
"Une arme nucl\u00E9aire est une arme non conventionnelle qui utilise l'\u00E9nergie d\u00E9gag\u00E9e par la fission de noyaux atomiques lourds (uranium, plutonium dans le cas des bombes A), ou par une combinaison de ce ph\u00E9nom\u00E8ne avec celui de la fusion de noyaux atomiques l\u00E9gers (hydrog\u00E8ne dans le cas des bombes H). L'\u00E9nergie lib\u00E9r\u00E9e par l'explosion s'exprime par son \u00E9quivalent en TNT. L'arme nucl\u00E9aire n'a \u00E9t\u00E9 utilis\u00E9e que par les \u00C9tats-Unis lors des bombardements des villes japonaises de Hiroshima et de Nagasaki durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, entra\u00EEnant cent \u00E0 trois cent mille morts. Ses effets destructeurs, qui sont sans commune mesure avec ceux des \u00AB armes conventionnelles \u00BB, sont principalement dus au souffle, comme pour les explosifs classiques, mais \u00E9galement aux br\u00FBlures et incendies provoqu\u00E9s par sa temp\u00E9rature extr\u00EAme, et de mani\u00E8re plus marginale \u00E0 l'effet des radiations. En raison de ses effets, une arme nucl\u00E9aire est consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme une arme non conventionnelle, et comme une arme de dissuasion (politique de dissuasion nucl\u00E9aire), visant \u00E0 emp\u00EAcher toute attaque majeure, qui serait sanctionn\u00E9e par l'utilisation de cette arme. Inversement, l'impact psychologique potentiel d'une arme nucl\u00E9aire en fait une cible de choix pour des mouvements terroristes. Depuis que plusieurs pays se sont dot\u00E9s plus ou moins rapidement d'armes nucl\u00E9aires, des accords internationaux visent \u00E0 r\u00E9duire l'arsenal nucl\u00E9aire et \u00E0 limiter la prolif\u00E9ration nucl\u00E9aire. L'Institut international de recherche sur la paix de Stockholm (SIPRI) estime le nombre de t\u00EAtes nucl\u00E9aires dans le monde \u00E0 environ 19 000 dont 4 400 op\u00E9rationnelles en janvier 2012."@fr ,
"Un arma nuclear es un explosivo de alto poder que utiliza la energ\u00EDa nuclear. Esto incluye los vectores que la \"entregan\", que pueden ser los misiles bal\u00EDsticos intercontinentales, los misiles bal\u00EDsticos de lanzamiento submarino, y los bombarderos de largo alcance. Tal vez se podr\u00EDa incluir parte de la infraestructura involucrada en su manejo y operaci\u00F3n. La primera detonaci\u00F3n nuclear fue la denominada Prueba Trinity, realizada en la poblaci\u00F3n de Alamogordo, Nuevo M\u00E9xico, Estados Unidos el 16 de julio de 1945, como parte experimental del Proyecto Manhattan. Poco tiempo despu\u00E9s otras dos bombas at\u00F3micas de uranio y de plutonio fueron detonadas, respectivamente, sobre las ciudades de Hiroshima y Nagasaki, Jap\u00F3n. Esto provoc\u00F3 un gran impacto en el gobierno de Jap\u00F3n y aceler\u00F3 su rendici\u00F3n incondicional, dando as\u00ED fin a la Segunda Guerra Mundial en el Teatro del Pac\u00EDfico. Algunos autores se\u00F1alan que el ataque at\u00F3mico a Jap\u00F3n tambi\u00E9n tenia la intenci\u00F3n de mostrar a la URSS la nueva arma con la que contaban los EE.UU. Las bombas nucleares se encuentran entre las armas con mayor poder de destrucci\u00F3n, por lo que com\u00FAnmente se les incluye dentro de la clasificaci\u00F3n ABQ. Su radio de acci\u00F3n alcanza decenas o centenares de kil\u00F3metros a partir del punto de detonaci\u00F3n. Adem\u00E1s, producen da\u00F1os asociados como la contaminaci\u00F3n radiactiva y, si fueran utilizadas a gran escala, posiblemente el invierno nuclear."@es ,
"Bro\u0144 j\u0105drowa \u2013 rodzaj broni masowego ra\u017Cenia wykorzystuj\u0105cej wewn\u0105trzj\u0105drow\u0105 energi\u0119 wydzielan\u0105 podczas niekontrolowanej \u0142a\u0144cuchowej reakcji rozszczepienia j\u0105der ci\u0119\u017Ckich pierwiastk\u00F3w (uranu i plutonu \u2013 bro\u0144 atomowa) lub reakcji termoj\u0105drowej syntezy lekkich pierwiastk\u00F3w z wodoru \u2013 bomba wodorowa \u2013 o sile wybuchu znacznie wi\u0119kszej od broni atomowej. Podobnie do ka\u017Cdego innego rodzaju broni, bro\u0144 j\u0105drowa jest trudna do jednoznacznego zdefiniowania. Jednak wed\u0142ug ameryka\u0144skiego Departamentu Obrony, broni\u0105 j\u0105drow\u0105 jest kompletne urz\u0105dzenie w jego zamierzonej ostatecznej konfiguracji, kt\u00F3re po zako\u0144czeniu procedur i proces\u00F3w uzbrojenia, fuzji oraz sekwencji odpalenia, zdolne jest do produkcji zamierzonej reakcji nuklearnej oraz uwolnienia energii."@pl ,
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"Bomba nuclear, tamb\u00E9m chamada de bomba at\u00F4mica (portugu\u00EAs brasileiro) ou at\u00F3mica (portugu\u00EAs europeu), \u00E9 um dispositivo explosivo que deriva sua for\u00E7a destrutiva das rea\u00E7\u00F5es nucleares, tanto de fiss\u00E3o ou de uma combina\u00E7\u00E3o de fiss\u00E3o e fus\u00E3o. Ambas as rea\u00E7\u00F5es liberam grandes quantidades de energia a partir de quantidades relativamente pequenas de mat\u00E9ria. O primeiro teste de uma bomba de fiss\u00E3o (\"at\u00F4mica\"), o teste Trinity, marco para a entrada na Era Nuclear, liberou a mesma quantidade de energia de cerca de 20 mil toneladas de TNT. O primeiro teste de uma bomba termonuclear (\"hidrog\u00EAnio\") liberou uma quantidade de energia equivalente a cerca de 10 milh\u00F5es de toneladas de TNT. Uma arma termonuclear moderna, pesando pouco mais de 1,1 kg, pode produzir uma for\u00E7a explosiva equivalente \u00E0 detona\u00E7\u00E3o de mais de 1,2 milh\u00E3o de toneladas de TNT. Assim, mesmo um pequeno dispositivo nuclear n\u00E3o muito maior do que bombas tradicionais, pode devastar uma cidade inteira atrav\u00E9s da gigantesca explos\u00E3o e por inc\u00EAndios e radia\u00E7\u00E3o subsequentes. As armas nucleares s\u00E3o consideradas armas de destrui\u00E7\u00E3o em massa e seu uso e controle t\u00EAm sido um dos principais focos da pol\u00EDtica de rela\u00E7\u00F5es internacionais desde a sua cria\u00E7\u00E3o. Apenas duas armas nucleares foram utilizadas durante uma guerra: quando os Estados Unidos bombardearam duas cidades japonesas no fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Em 6 de agosto de 1945, uma bomba de fiss\u00E3o de ur\u00E2nio cujo codinome era \"Little Boy\" foi detonada sobre a cidade japonesa de Hiroshima. Tr\u00EAs dias depois, em 9 de agosto, um tipo de bomba de fiss\u00E3o de plut\u00F4nio, de codinome \"Fat Man\", explodiu sobre a cidade de Nagasaki, no Jap\u00E3o. Estes dois ataques resultaram na morte de cerca de 200 mil pessoas \u2014 a maioria civis \u2014 por causa dos graves ferimentos decorrentes das explos\u00F5es e da radia\u00E7\u00E3o. O papel dos bombardeamentos nucleares na rendi\u00E7\u00E3o do Jap\u00E3o e se seu uso foi \u00E9tico ainda s\u00E3o quest\u00F5es que continuam a serem alvos de discuss\u00E3o atualmente. Depois dos bombardeamentos de Hiroshima e Nagasaki, armas nucleares foram detonadas em mais de duas mil ocasi\u00F5es, durante testes e demonstra\u00E7\u00F5es. Apenas algumas na\u00E7\u00F5es possuem tais armas ou s\u00E3o suspeitos de as terem. Os \u00FAnicos pa\u00EDses conhecidos por terem detonado armas nucleares e que s\u00E3o reconhecidos por possu\u00EDrem esse tipo de armamento s\u00E3o (em ordem cronol\u00F3gica, de acordo com a data do primeiro teste): Estados Unidos, Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica (sucedida como uma pot\u00EAncia nuclear pela R\u00FAssia), Reino Unido, Fran\u00E7a, Rep\u00FAblica Popular da China, \u00CDndia, Paquist\u00E3o e Coreia do Norte. Al\u00E9m disso, \u00E9 quase consenso que Israel tamb\u00E9m possui armas nucleares, embora o governo israelense n\u00E3o reconhe\u00E7a isso. Apenas um pa\u00EDs, a \u00C1frica do Sul, fabricou armas nucleares no passado, mas desmontou todo o seu arsenal ap\u00F3s o fim do regime do apartheid, quando o pa\u00EDs aderiu ao Tratado de N\u00E3o-Prolifera\u00E7\u00E3o de Armas Nucleares (TNP) e aceitou completamente as salvaguardas internacionais. De acordo com estimativas de 2012, obtidas pela Federa\u00E7\u00E3o de Cientistas Americanos, existem mais de 17 mil ogivas nucleares no mundo, sendo que cerca de 4 300 delas s\u00E3o consideradas \"operacionais\", ou seja, est\u00E3o prontas para uso."@pt ,
"Kernwaffen \u2013 auch Atomwaffen oder Nuklearwaffen genannt \u2013 sind Waffen, deren Wirkung auf den kernphysikalischen Reaktionen der Kernspaltung oder der Kernfusion beruht. Konventionelle Waffen beziehen dagegen ihre Explosionsenergie aus chemischen Reaktionen, bei denen die Atomkerne unver\u00E4ndert bleiben. Zusammen mit biologischen und chemischen Waffen geh\u00F6ren Kernwaffen zu den Massenvernichtungswaffen. Bei der Explosion einer Kernwaffe wird sehr viel Energie in Form von Hitze, Druckwelle und ionisierender Strahlung frei. Dadurch kann eine Kernwaffe innerhalb k\u00FCrzester Zeit ganze St\u00E4dte zerst\u00F6ren und hunderttausende Menschen t\u00F6ten. Die Strahlung verursacht akute Strahlenkrankheit und gesundheitliche Langzeitsch\u00E4den. Durch den radioaktiven Niederschlag (Fallout) werden gr\u00F6\u00DFere Gebiete verseucht. Durch die Kernspaltung er\u00F6ffnete sich gegen Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs die M\u00F6glichkeit, die Sprengkraft von tausenden Tonnen TNT in milit\u00E4risch einsetzbaren Sprengk\u00F6pfen zu realisieren. Die Weiterentwicklung zur technisch anspruchsvolleren Fusionsbombe versprach im Rahmen der Wettr\u00FCstung zu Beginn des Kalten Kriegs Bomben mit mehreren Millionen Tonnen TNT-\u00C4quivalent. Die Erfindung von Kernwaffen stellte einen Wendepunkt in der Kriegsf\u00FChrung dar. Die Atombombe wurde zuerst von den USA im Manhattan-Projekt entwickelt: am 16. Juli 1945 fand erstmals ein Kernwaffentest mit einer Kernwaffenexplosion statt (Trinity-Test); am 6. und 9. August 1945 fanden die Atombombenabw\u00FCrfe auf Hiroshima und Nagasaki statt, die hunderttausende Opfer forderten. Seitdem wurden Kernwaffen nicht mehr unmittelbar als Waffen, jedoch in zahlreichen Tests eingesetzt. Die erste amerikanische Test-Atombombe, auf den Namen \u201EGilda\u201C getauft und mit einem Foto des damaligen Sex-Idols Rita Hayworth \u201Everziert\u201C, wurde 1946 im Rahmen der \u201EOperation Crossroads\u201C auf das Bikini-Atoll im Pazifik abgeworfen. Nachdem die Sowjetunion ab 1949 selbst Kernwaffen entwickelte, entstand w\u00E4hrend des Kalten Krieges ein Wettr\u00FCsten zwischen den USA und der Sowjetunion, auf dessen H\u00F6hepunkt die beiden Staaten zusammen rund 70.000 Atomsprengk\u00F6pfe besa\u00DFen. Die Notwendigkeit, Plutonium und angereichertes Uran zum Kernwaffenbau herzustellen, f\u00FChrte zur Entwicklung und zum Bau von Urananreicherungsanlagen sowie von ersten Kernreaktoren bzw. Forschungsreaktoren. Die dabei gewonnenen Erfahrungen beschleunigten den Aufbau einer zivilen Nutzung der Kernenergie. Kernwaffen wurde im Kalten Krieg auch eine hemmende Wirkung zugeschrieben: gerade die Drohung einer totalen Ausl\u00F6schung der Menschheit habe das \u201EGleichgewicht des Schreckens\u201C aufrechterhalten und damit eine direkte Konfrontation vermieden. Dies trug nach Ansicht verschiedener Politiker und Politikwissenschaftler dazu bei, dass es zu keinem direkten Krieg zwischen den beiden Milit\u00E4rbl\u00F6cken kam. Nach und nach erlangten weitere Staaten Kernwaffen, so dass heute neun Staaten Atomm\u00E4chte sind: USA, Russland, Gro\u00DFbritannien, Frankreich, China, Israel, Indien, Pakistan und Nordkorea (in chronologischer Reihenfolge). Zusammen haben diese Staaten heute (2016) ca. 16.300 Atomsprengk\u00F6pfe. Das ist genug, um die Menschheit mehrfach zu vernichten (sog. Overkill). Weltweit, teilweise auch in den USA selbst, wird der Einsatz dieser Massenvernichtungswaffen haupts\u00E4chlich gegen die Zivilbev\u00F6lkerung als unmoralisch bzw. ethisch nicht verantwortbar verurteilt. Die Entwicklung der Atombombe wird heute von Vielen als das dunkelste Kapitel der Technik- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte angesehen, und die Atombombe ist zum Inbegriff des \u201EFluches der Technik\u201C geworden. Die Weiterverbreitung von Kernwaffen zu verhindern, gilt als eine der gr\u00F6\u00DFten Herausforderungen f\u00FCr die internationale Sicherheit im 21. Jahrhundert. Seit dem ersten Kernwaffeneinsatz wurde aufgrund der katastrophalen humanit\u00E4ren Folgen und der Gefahr, die Kernwaffen und insbesondere ein Atomkrieg f\u00FCr die Menschheit darstellen, vielfach ihre komplette Abr\u00FCstung gefordert. Verschiedene internationale Vertr\u00E4ge haben zu Einschr\u00E4nkungen und Reduktionen der Kernwaffenarsenale (R\u00FCstungskontrolle) und zu atomwaffenfreien Zonen gef\u00FChrt. Weitere spezifische Details finden sich im Artikel Kernwaffentechnik: Er erl\u00E4utert die Konstruktion der verschiedenen Kernwaffen-Typen."@de ,
"Een kernwapen (ook wel kernbom, atoombom of atoomwapen) is een type wapen dat gebruikmaakt van de energie die is opgeslagen in de kernen van atomen om een ontploffing te veroorzaken. Conventionele explosieven ontploffen door chemische reacties, waarbij de atoomkernen onveranderd blijven. Hoewel alle kernwapens gebaseerd zijn op het in korte tijd ontketenen van kernreacties, is er een aantal soorten te onderscheiden. Er wordt een onderscheid gemaakt naar werkingsmechanisme tussen bommen die uitsluitend gebruikmaken van kernsplijting in een nucleaire kettingreactie (met uranium of plutonium, ook wel A-bom genoemd) en bommen die ook gebruikmaken van kernfusie (waterstofbom of H-bom genoemd). Naar soort van voorziene inzet kan men onderscheid maken tussen een strategisch kernwapen en een tactisch kernwapen. Strategische kernwapens zijn ontworpen voor inzet op verafgelegen strategische doelen. Zij worden bij het doel gebracht met een intercontinentale raket (vanuit een strategische raket-onderzeeboot, uit een raketsilo of een mobiele installatie op het land) of een bommenwerper. Tactische kernwapens zijn bedoeld voor gebruik op het slagveld, en kunnen gebruikt worden in bijvoorbeeld een dieptebom, raket (waaronder kruisraket), artillerie, landmijn, of torpedo. In januari 2009 bezaten acht staten in totaal ruim 23.300 kernwapens."@nl ,
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