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, "lang" : "ja" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Tr\u1EA1ch \u0110\u00F4ng\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C {{{mi\u00EAu t\u1EA3}}}{{{caption}}}Mao Tr\u1EA1ch \u0110\u00F4ng}}}}}} Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch \u0110\u1EA3ng C\u1ED9ng S\u1EA3n Trung Qu\u1ED1c Nhi\u1EC7m k\u1EF3 20 th\u00E1ng 3, 1943 \u2013 9 th\u00E1ng 9, 1976 K\u1EBF nhi\u1EC7m Hoa Qu\u1ED1c Phong Ph\u00F3 Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch L\u01B0u Thi\u1EBFu K\u1EF3 L\u00E2m B\u01B0u Chu \u00C2n Lai Hoa Qu\u1ED1c Phong Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch C\u1ED9ng h\u00F2a Nh\u00E2n d\u00E2n Trung Hoa Nhi\u1EC7m k\u1EF3 27 th\u00E1ng 9, 1954 \u2013 27 th\u00E1ng 4, 1959 K\u1EBF nhi\u1EC7m L\u01B0u Thi\u1EBFu K\u1EF3 Ph\u00F3 Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch Chu \u0110\u1EE9c Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch Qu\u00E2n \u1EE7y Trung \u01B0\u01A1ng Nhi\u1EC7m k\u1EF3 8 th\u00E1ng 9, 1954 \u2013 9 th\u00E1ng 9, 1976 K\u1EBF nhi\u1EC7m Hoa Qu\u1ED1c Phong Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch Hi\u1EC7p Ch\u00EDnh Nhi\u1EC7m k\u1EF3 1 th\u00E1ng 10, 1949 \u2013 25 th\u00E1ng 12, 1976 K\u1EBF nhi\u1EC7m Chu \u00C2n Lai \u1EE6y vi\u00EAn \u0110\u1EA1i h\u1ED9i \u0110\u1EA1i bi\u1EC3u Nh\u00E2n d\u00E2n To\u00E0n qu\u1ED1c \u0110\u1EA1i di\u1EC7n Khu v\u1EF1c B\u1EAFc Kinh (54 \u2013 59; 64 \u2013 76) \u0110\u1EA3ng \u0110\u1EA3ng C\u1ED9ng s\u1EA3n Sinh 26 th\u00E1ng 12, 1893 Thi\u1EC1u S\u01A1n, T\u01B0\u01A1ng \u0110\u00E0m, H\u1ED3 Nam, \u0110\u1EA1i Thanh Qu\u1ED1c M\u1EA5t 9 th\u00E1ng 9, 1976 (82 tu\u1ED5i) B\u1EAFc Kinh, C\u1ED9ng h\u00F2a Nh\u00E2n d\u00E2n Trung Hoa D\u00E2n t\u1ED9c H\u00E1n T\u00F4n gi\u00E1o Kh\u00F4ng Phu nh\u00E2n La Th\u1ECB (\u7F57\u4E00\u79C0) D\u01B0\u01A1ng Khai Tu\u1EC7 (\u6768\u5F00\u6167) H\u1EA1 T\u1EED Tr\u00E2n (\u8D3A\u5B50\u73CD) Giang Thanh (\u6C5F\u9752) Con c\u00E1i Mao Ng\u1EA1n Anh (\u6BDB\u5CB8\u82F1) Mao Ng\u1EA1n Thanh (\u6BDB\u5CB8\u9752) Mao Ng\u1EA1n Long L\u00FD M\u1EABn (\u674E\u654F) L\u00FD N\u1EA1p (\u674E\u8BB7) Ch\u1EEF k\u00ED Mao Tr\u1EA1ch \u0110\u00F4ng, t\u1EF1 Nhu\u1EADn Chi (\u6F64\u4E4B) [ban \u0111\u1EA7u l\u00E0 V\u1ECBnh Chi (\u8A60\u829D), sau \u0111\u1ED5i l\u00E0 Nhu\u1EADn Chi trong kinh t\u1EBF \u0111\u00E3 \u0111\u1EC3 l\u1EA1i nh\u1EEFng h\u1EADu qu\u1EA3 tai h\u1EA1i. " , "lang" : "vi" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\uB9C8\uC624\uCA4C\uB465\uC740 \uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uC815\uCE58\uC778, \uAD70\uC778, \uAD50\uC721\uC790, \uD601\uBA85\uAC00, \uC0AC\uC0C1\uAC00\uC774\uBA70 \uC911\uD654\uC778\uBBFC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D\uC744 \uC218\uB9BD\uD55C \uC815\uCE58\uAC00\uC774\uC790 \uCD08\uB300 \uAD6D\uAC00 \uC8FC\uC11D\uC774\uBA70, \uACF5\uC0B0\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uC774\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC774\uB978\uBC14 '\uBAA8\uD0DD\uB3D9\uC8FC\uC758'\uB97C \uCC3D\uC2DC\uD55C \uC0AC\uC0C1\uAC00\uB85C \uC871\uC801\uC744 \uB0A8\uACBC\uC73C\uBA70 \uC2DC\uC778\uC774\uB098 \uC11C\uC608\uAC00\uB85C\uB3C4 \uC720\uBA85\uD558\uB2E4. \uCD08\uAE30 \uC911\uAD6D\uACF5\uC0B0\uB2F9\uC758 \uCD5C\uACE0\uC9C0\uB3C4\uC790\uC600\uC73C\uBA70 \uC911\uC559 \uC81C7\uCC28 \uC804\uAD6D\uB300\uD45C\uB300\uD68C\uC5D0\uC11C \uC7A5\uC81C\uC2A4\uC640 \uAD6D\uBBFC\uB2F9 \uC815\uBD80\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC5F0\uD569\uC815\uBD80\uB860\uC744 \uC81C\uC758\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uB098 \uAD6D\uACF5\uB0B4\uC804\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2B9\uB9AC\uB97C \uAC70\uB450\uACE0 1949\uB144 \uC7A5\uC81C\uC2A4\uC640 \uAD6D\uBBFC\uB2F9 \uC77C\uD30C\uB97C \uD0C0\uC774\uC644\uC73C\uB85C \uCD95\uCD9C\uD588\uC73C\uBA70, \uC794\uC5EC \uAD70\uBC8C\uB4E4\uC744 \uC219\uCCAD\uD558\uACE0 \uC911\uAD6D\uC744 \uD1B5\uC77C\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. 1949\uB144 \uD601\uBA85 \uAD70\uC0AC\uC704\uC6D0\uD68C \uC8FC\uC11D\uACFC 1950\uB144 \uC784\uC2DC \uAD6D\uAC00\uC218\uBC18\uC744 \uAC70\uCCD0 1954\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1959\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uCD08\uB300 \uC911\uD654\uC778\uBBFC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D \uAD6D\uAC00 \uC8FC\uC11D\uC73C\uB85C \uC7AC\uC9C1\uD588\uB2E4. \uAD6D\uAC00\uC8FC\uC11D \uC7AC\uC9C1 \uC911 \uC81C2\uCC28 5\uAC1C\uB144\uACC4\uD68D\uC758 \uAC1C\uC2DC\uC640 \uB354\uBD88\uC5B4 3\uBA74\uD64D\uAE30 \uC6B4\uB3D9\uC744 \uD3C8\uACE0 \uBB38\uD654\uB300\uD601\uBA85\uC744 \uC77C\uC73C\uCF1C \uC790\uC2E0\uC758 \uAD8C\uB825\uC744 \uAC15\uD654\uD558\uC600\uB2E4." , "lang" : "ko" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong, f\u00F6dd 26 december 1893 i byn Shaoshan, Hunan, d\u00F6d 9 september 1976 i Peking, var en marxistisk teoretiker, politiker och revolution\u00E4r, ordf\u00F6rande f\u00F6r det kinesiska kommunistpartiet fr\u00E5n 1943, Folkrepubliken Kinas f\u00F6rste president (\"ordf\u00F6rande\") 1954\u20131959, i praktiken Kinas diktator fr\u00E5n det kommunistiska makt\u00F6vertagandet 1949 till sin d\u00F6d." , "lang" : "sv" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u041C\u0430\u0301\u043E \u0426\u0437\u044D\u0434\u0443\u0301\u043D\u00A0\u2014 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C XX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430, \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043A \u043C\u0430\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0438\u0432 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044E \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F (\u041A\u041F\u041A), \u041C\u0430\u043E \u0426\u0437\u044D\u0434\u0443\u043D \u0432 1930-\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0426\u0437\u044F\u043D\u0441\u0438. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u043C\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0438 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F. \u041F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u00AB\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0430\u00BB, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E \u041C\u0430\u043E \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0441\u044F, \u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0437\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0442\u044C \u043B\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u041A\u041F\u041A." , "lang" : "ru" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong oli kiinalainen kommunisti, sotilas ja poliitikko, joka kehitti maolaisuutena tunnetun opin ja kommunistisen suuntauksen. Kiinan kommunistisen puolueen ensimm\u00E4isen\u00E4 puheenjohtajana Mao johti kommunistit voittoon Kiinan sis\u00E4llissodassa, ja 1. lokakuuta 1949 h\u00E4n perusti Kiinan kansantasavallan, jota johti suvereenisti kuolemaansa saakka." , "lang" : "fi" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Fu portavoce del Partito Comunista Cinese dal 1943 fino alla sua morte. Sotto la sua guida, il partito sal\u00EC al governo cinese a seguito della vittoria nella guerra civile e della fondazione della Repubblica Popolare Cinese, di cui, dal 1949 fu presidente. Durante la guida della Cina, svilupp\u00F2 un marxismo-leninismo \"cinesizzato\", noto come maoismo, collettivizzando l'agricoltura con il cosiddetto \"Grande Balzo in avanti\"." , "lang" : "it" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong, Mao Tse-tung pos\u0142uchaj po chi\u0144sku\u00A0 \u2013 chi\u0144ski przyw\u00F3dca komunistyczny, od 1943 r. szef biura politycznego oraz Przewodnicz\u0105cy Komitetu Politycznego Komunistycznej Partii Chin (a\u017C do \u015Bmierci). 1 pa\u017Adziernika 1949 na placu Tian'anmen Mao og\u0142osi\u0142 powstanie Chi\u0144skiej Republiki Ludowej." , "lang" : "pl" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong, \u00E9galement retranscrit Mao Ts\u00E9-toung, ou Mao Ts\u00E9-Tung, ou Mao Ts\u00F6-Tong est un homme politique et chef militaire chinois, fondateur et dirigeant de la R\u00E9publique populaire de Chine. Fils de paysans ais\u00E9s, il est n\u00E9 \u00E0 Shaoshan (\u97F6\u5C71 sh\u00E1osh\u0101n) dans la province du Hunan (\u6E56\u5357 h\u00FAn\u00E1n) le 26\u00A0d\u00E9cembre\u00A01893, et mort \u00E0 P\u00E9kin le 9\u00A0septembre\u00A01976 des suites de la maladie de Charcot (ou scl\u00E9rose lat\u00E9rale amyotrophique)." , "lang" : "fr" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u041C\u0430\u0301\u043E \u0426\u0437\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0301\u043D\u00A0\u2014 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043A \u043C\u0430\u043E\u0457\u0437\u043C\u0443. \u0417\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0457 (\u041A\u041A\u041F) \u0443 1921, \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0457\u0457 \u043B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043E\u043C. \u041E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0414\u043E\u0432\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0448 1934\u201435 \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0443 1937\u20141949, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u041D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0438 \u0456 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0443 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457. \u041E\u0447\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u044E \u0439 \u0443\u0440\u044F\u0434 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456. \u0419\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432 \u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0435\u0432\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438\u043C \u0432 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438 \u041A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u0457 1961\u20141969." , "lang" : "uk" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C\uFF081893\u5E7412\u670826\u65E5\uFF0D1976\u5E749\u67089\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u5B57\u6DA6\u4E4B\uFF0C\u751F\u4E8E\u6E56\u5357\u6E58\u6F6D\uFF0C\u901D\u4E8E\u5317\u4EAC\u3002\u9A6C\u514B\u601D\u4E3B\u4E49\u8005\u3001\u65E0\u4EA7\u9636\u7EA7\u9769\u547D\u5BB6\u3001\u601D\u60F3\u5BB6\u3001\u519B\u4E8B\u5BB6\u3002\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C\u662F\u4E2D\u56FD\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u521B\u59CB\u4EBA\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C1935\u5E74\u6210\u4E3A\u4E2D\u56FD\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u7684\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\u3002\u4ED6\u662F\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u548C\u4E2D\u56FD\u4EBA\u6C11\u89E3\u653E\u519B\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u7F14\u9020\u8005\u548C\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\uFF0C\u4ECE1949\u5E74\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u6210\u7ACB\u76F4\u5230\u4ED6\u901D\u4E16\uFF0C\u4ED6\u662F\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u65E0\u53EF\u4E89\u8BAE\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u9886\u5BFC\u4EBA\u3001\u4E2D\u56FD\u4EBA\u6C11\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3002\u4EE5\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C\u4E3A\u4EE3\u8868\u7684\u4E2D\u56FD\u5171\u4EA7\u515A\u4EBA\u6839\u636E\u4E2D\u56FD\u7684\u9769\u547D\u5B9E\u8DF5\uFF0C\u5BF9\u9A6C\u5217\u4E3B\u4E49\u7406\u8BBA\u7684\u53D1\u5C55\u88AB\u79F0\u4F5C\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C\u601D\u60F3\u3002 \u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C\u662F\u4E16\u754C\u73B0\u4EE3\u53F2\u4E0A\u6700\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u4EBA\u7269\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u662F\u516C\u8BA4\u7684\u4F1F\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547D\u9886\u8896\u3002\u4ED6\u9886\u5BFC\u7684\u9769\u547D\u5C06\u4E2D\u56FD\u4ECE\u8FD1\u4EE3\u4EE5\u6765\u53CD\u590D\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u5931\u8D25\u548C\u5916\u6765\u4FB5\u7565\u4E2D\u633D\u6551\u51FA\u6765\uFF0C\u5B9E\u73B0\u4E86\u6C11\u65CF\u72EC\u7ACB\u548C\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u57FA\u672C\u7EDF\u4E00\uFF0C\u5F00\u59CB\u4E86\u4E2D\u56FD\u5FEB\u901F\u73B0\u4EE3\u5316\u7684\u8FDB\u7A0B\u3002\u4F46\u4ED6\u4E3B\u5BFC\u7684\u5DE5\u4E1A\u5316\u548C\u653F\u6CBB\u8FD0\u52A8\u4F7F\u4E2D\u56FD\u4ED8\u51FA\u4E86\u5DE8\u5927\u7684\u4EBA\u529B\u548C\u793E\u4F1A\u4EE3\u4EF7\uFF0C\u4ED6\u665A\u5E74\u53D1\u8D77\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547D\u88AB\u8BA4\u4E3A\u662F\u4E2D\u56FD\u9769\u547D\u7684\u5DE8\u5927\u5931\u8BEF\u548C\u60B2\u5267\u3002\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C\u662F\u4E16\u754C\u73B0\u4EE3\u53F2\u4E0A\u6700\u5177\u4E89\u8BAE\u7684\u4EBA\u7269\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002" , "lang" : "zh" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\"Mao\" redirects here. For other uses, see Mao (disambiguation). This is a Chinese name; the family name is Mao. Mao Zedong\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C File:Mao." , "lang" : "en" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong war als Vorsitzender der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas (1943\u20131976), als Vorsitzender der Zentralen Volksregierung (1949\u20131954) sowie als Staatspr\u00E4sident der Volksrepublik China (1954\u20131959) der f\u00FChrende Politiker der Volksrepublik China im 20. Jahrhundert. Die politische Bewegung des Maoismus ist nach ihm benannt. Die Abl\u00F6sung Maos durch Deng Xiaoping nach 1976 f\u00FChrte im Rahmen der Reform- und \u00D6ffnungspolitik zu einer wesentlichen Abkehr von Maos Prinzipien in China selbst." , "lang" : "de" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Ts\u00E9-Tung 11pxouvir foi um pol\u00EDtico, te\u00F3rico, l\u00EDder comunista e revolucion\u00E1rio chin\u00EAs. Liderou a Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Chinesa e foi o arquiteto e fundador da Rep\u00FAblica Popular da China, governando o pa\u00EDs desde a sua cria\u00E7\u00E3o em 1949 at\u00E9 sua morte em 1976. Sua contribui\u00E7\u00E3o te\u00F3rica para o marxismo-leninismo, estrat\u00E9gias militares, e suas pol\u00EDticas comunistas s\u00E3o conhecidas coletivamente como mao\u00EDsmo." , "lang" : "pt" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "| Mao Zedong Mao Zedong (\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C) Geboren 26 december 1893 Overleden 9 september 1976 Land China Partij Communistische Partij van China (CCP) Functies 1943-1976 Partijleider Communistische Partij 1949-1954 President Consultatieve Conferentie van het Chinese Volk 1954-1959 President Volksrepubliek China 1954-1976 President Centrale Militaire Commissie Handtekening 128px Portaal\u00A0 Portaalicoon \u00A0 Politiek |- | Title=Mao Zedong;ns=0/Main/;language:wiki=nl,locale=nl Naam (taalvarianten) Traditioneel \u6BDB\u6FA4\u6771 Vereenvoudigd \u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C Hanyu pinyin M\u00E1o Z\u00E9d\u014Dng Wade-Giles Mao Tse-tung Gwoyeu Romatzyh Mau Tzerdong Standaardkantonees Moow Chaak-Tong Yale mou4 jaak6 dung1 Mindongyu M\u00F2\u0324 D\u0115k-d\u016Dng Shanghainees [m\u0254\u00A0? tu\u014B] Andere benamingen Mau Tse-Tungpremier Mao \u6BDB\u4E3B\u5E2D (pinyin: m\u00E1o zh\u01D4 x\u00ED; Kantonees: Moow Chuu Chik |} Mao Zedong was een Chinees politicus en partijleider. " , "lang" : "nl" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao har ogs\u00E5 andre betydninger. Mao ZedongMao ZedongF\u00F8dt26. desember 189322x18px Shaoshan i Hunan i KinaD\u00F8d9." , "lang" : "no" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Ce-tung k\u00EDnai forradalm\u00E1r, politikus, k\u00F6lt\u0151, kommunista vez\u00E9r, a K\u00EDnai N\u00E9pk\u00F6zt\u00E1rsas\u00E1g teljhatalm\u00FA vezet\u0151je annak megalap\u00EDt\u00E1s\u00E1t\u00F3l hal\u00E1l\u00E1ig (1949\u20131976). Saj\u00E1t maga \u00E1ltal kidolgozott marxista-leninista eszme\u00E1ramlata a maoizmus. Mao mind a mai napig ellentmond\u00E1sos szem\u00E9lyis\u00E9g, \u00F6r\u00F6ks\u00E9ge rendk\u00EDv\u00FCl vitatott. K\u00EDn\u00E1ban jelent\u0151s forradalm\u00E1rk\u00E9nt, politikusk\u00E9nt, katonai vezet\u0151k\u00E9nt \u00E9s a nemzet megment\u0151jek\u00E9nt tisztelik." , "lang" : "hu" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong Acerca de este sonido\u00A0(Pronunciaci\u00F3n); fue el m\u00E1ximo dirigente del Partido Comunista de China (PCCh) y de la Rep\u00FAblica Popular China. Bajo su liderazgo, el Partido Comunista se hizo con el poder en la China continental en 1949, cuando se proclam\u00F3 la nueva Rep\u00FAblica Popular, tras la victoria en la Guerra Civil contra las fuerzas de la Rep\u00FAblica de China." , "lang" : "es" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Ce-tung byl od ledna 1935 tajemn\u00EDkem a od roku 1943 p\u0159edsedou Komunistick\u00E9 strany \u010C\u00EDny. Zv\u00EDt\u011Bzil v\u00A0ob\u010Dansk\u00E9 v\u00E1lce s nacionalisty a od roku 1949 byl nejv\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED osobnost\u00ED v nov\u011B vznikl\u00E9 komunistick\u00E9 \u010C\u00EDnsk\u00E9 lidov\u00E9 republice, a to a\u017E do sv\u00E9 smrti v roce 1976. M\u011Bl ofici\u00E1ln\u00ED p\u0159ezd\u00EDvku Velk\u00FD kormideln\u00EDk (\u4F1F\u5927\u8235\u624B). Spolu s Josifem Stalinem a Adolfem Hitlerem pat\u0159\u00ED ke t\u0159em nejkrut\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm dikt\u00E1tor\u016Fm 20. stolet\u00ED, p\u0159ipisuje se mu n\u011Bkolik des\u00EDtek milion\u016F ob\u011Bt\u00ED." , "lang" : "cs" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C tamb\u00E9 es pot trobar escrit com Mao Tse Tung, Mao Tse-Tung o Mao Zhe Tung Mao Zedong Mao Zedong, pol\u00EDtic, estadista i poeta xin\u00E8s Al 1921 va ser un dels fundadors del Partit Comunista de Xina. Va revoltar els pagesos i intent\u00E0 un aixecament a Hunan, per\u00F2 fracass\u00E0. Progressivament impos\u00E0 els seus criteris a dins el partit, arribant a cap del moviment comunista al 1935. Al 1949 despr\u00E9s d'una llarga guerra civil proclam\u00E0 la Rep\u00FAblica Popular de Xina." , "lang" : "ca" } ] , "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/givenName" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao" , "lang" : "en" } ] , "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depiction" : [ { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Mao.jpg" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail" : [ { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mao.jpg/200px-Mao.jpg" } ] , "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong" , "lang" : "en" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/caption" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Official 1967 Portrait of Mao Zedong" , "lang" : "en" } ] , "http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject" : [ { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Chinese_military_writers" } , { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Political_philosophers" } , { "type" : 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Fils de paysans ais\u00E9s, il est n\u00E9 \u00E0 Shaoshan (\u97F6\u5C71 sh\u00E1osh\u0101n) dans la province du Hunan (\u6E56\u5357 h\u00FAn\u00E1n) le 26\u00A0d\u00E9cembre\u00A01893, et mort \u00E0 P\u00E9kin le 9\u00A0septembre\u00A01976 des suites de la maladie de Charcot (ou scl\u00E9rose lat\u00E9rale amyotrophique). Un des membres historiques du Parti communiste chinois, Mao Zedong parvint progressivement \u00E0 s\u2019en faire reconna\u00EEtre comme le dirigeant supr\u00EAme, notamment lors de l\u2019\u00E9pisode de la Longue Marche. Apr\u00E8s de longues ann\u00E9es de gu\u00E9rilla contre les nationalistes du Kuomintang dirig\u00E9s par Tchang Ka\u00EF-Chek, ainsi que contre l\u2019envahisseur japonais pendant la guerre sino-japonaise, Mao sortit vainqueur de l\u2019ultime phase de la guerre civile chinoise, avec la victoire de l\u2019Arm\u00E9e populaire de lib\u00E9ration. Il proclame la R\u00E9publique populaire de Chine, le 1\u00A0octobre\u00A01949 \u00E0 P\u00E9kin\u00A0; il en sera le pr\u00E9sident de 1954 \u00E0 1959. Ses principaux postes, qu\u2019il occupa jusqu\u2019\u00E0 sa mort en 1976 et qui lui permirent de rester le num\u00E9ro un du r\u00E9gime, \u00E9taient ceux de Pr\u00E9sident du parti communiste et de Pr\u00E9sident de la Commission militaire centrale, le premier lui garantissant la ma\u00EEtrise du Parti, et le second celle des forces arm\u00E9es. Mao Zedong imposa \u00E0 la population le collectivisme communiste et la dictature du parti unique, en suivant d\u2019abord de tr\u00E8s pr\u00E8s le mod\u00E8le sovi\u00E9tique. Au nom de la d\u00E9finition d\u2019une \u00AB\u00A0voie chinoise vers le socialisme\u00A0\u00BB, il se d\u00E9marqua ensuite progressivement de l\u2019URSS et fut l\u2019inspirateur direct du Grand Bond en avant, politique \u00E9conomique dont on estime qu'elle engendra entre 15 et 30 millions de morts. Apr\u00E8s avoir \u00E9t\u00E9 mis sur la touche par ses collaborateurs, il souleva les \u00E9tudiants chinois contre la direction du Parti pour reprendre le pouvoir, livrant les villes \u00E0 la violence des gardes rouges au cours de la confuse R\u00E9volution culturelle. Ayant \u00E9limin\u00E9 ses rivaux et r\u00E9tabli l\u2019ordre \u00E0 son profit, il fit l\u2019objet d\u2019un culte de la personnalit\u00E9 et rapprocha alors le plus la Chine populaire d\u2019un \u00C9tat de type totalitaire. Sa politique internationale des ann\u00E9es 1970 marque un rapprochement avec l\u2019Occident, qui permit la r\u00E9int\u00E9gration de la Chine dans le concert mondial. D\u00E8s 1975, Mao laissa son Premier ministre Zhou Enlai d\u00E9cr\u00E9ter un nouveau programme de r\u00E9formes, les \u00AB\u00A0Quatre Modernisations\u00A0\u00BB. Celui que l\u2019on surnomme \u00AB\u00A0le Grand Timonier\u00A0\u00BB mourut en 1976 sans avoir d\u00E9sign\u00E9 de successeur. La Chine r\u00E9habilita peu apr\u00E8s un certain nombre de ses victimes, tout en continuant l\u2019ouverture \u00E0 une certaine forme d\u2019\u00E9conomie de march\u00E9 entam\u00E9e en 1975. 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\uC654\uC73C\uBA70, 1949\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1959\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC911\uD654\uC778\uBBFC\uACF5\uD654\uAD6D\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC8FC\uC11D\uC744 \uC9C0\uB0C8\uB2E4. \uAD6D\uAC00\uC8FC\uC11D\uC9C1\uC5D0\uC11C \uBB3C\uB7EC\uB09C \uD6C4\uC5D0\uB3C4 \uC911\uAD6D\uACF5\uC0B0\uB2F9 \uB2F9\uC8FC\uC11D\uC5D0 \uC804\uC784\uD558\uBA70 \uC0AC\uB9DD\uD560 \uB54C\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC2E4\uAD8C\uC744 \uD589\uC0AC\uD588\uB2E4. \uC790(\u5B57)\uB294 \uC724\uC9C0(\u6F64\u4E4B), \uC601\uC9C0(\u548F\u829D)\uC774\uBA70, \uB2E4\uB978 \uC774\uB984\uC740 \uC790\uC784(\u5B50\u4EFB)\uC774\uB2E4. \uD6C4\uB09C \uC131 \uC0F9\uD0C4 \uCD9C\uC2E0." , "lang" : "ko" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Ce-tung k\u00EDnai forradalm\u00E1r, politikus, k\u00F6lt\u0151, kommunista vez\u00E9r, a K\u00EDnai N\u00E9pk\u00F6zt\u00E1rsas\u00E1g teljhatalm\u00FA vezet\u0151je annak megalap\u00EDt\u00E1s\u00E1t\u00F3l hal\u00E1l\u00E1ig (1949\u20131976). Saj\u00E1t maga \u00E1ltal kidolgozott marxista-leninista eszme\u00E1ramlata a maoizmus. Mao mind a mai napig ellentmond\u00E1sos szem\u00E9lyis\u00E9g, \u00F6r\u00F6ks\u00E9ge rendk\u00EDv\u00FCl vitatott. K\u00EDn\u00E1ban jelent\u0151s forradalm\u00E1rk\u00E9nt, politikusk\u00E9nt, katonai vezet\u0151k\u00E9nt \u00E9s a nemzet megment\u0151jek\u00E9nt tisztelik. A legt\u00F6bb k\u00EDnai a gondosan fel\u00E9p\u00EDtett szem\u00E9lyi kultusznak k\u00F6sz\u00F6nhet\u0151en ma is pozit\u00EDv v\u00E9lem\u00E9nnyel van Ma\u00F3r\u00F3l. Szoci\u00E1lis-politikai programjai, mint a nagy ugr\u00E1s \u00E9s a kultur\u00E1lis forradalom, azonban ember\u00E9letek milli\u00F3it k\u00F6vetelt\u00E9k, hatalmas \u00E9h\u00EDns\u00E9geket okoztak, \u00E9s \u00E1rtottak a kult\u00FAr\u00E1nak, a gazdas\u00E1gnak \u00E9s a t\u00E1rsadalmi \u00E9letnek. Mao politik\u00E1ja, politikai alap\u00FA \u00FCld\u00F6ztet\u00E9sei \u00E9s bossz\u00FAhadj\u00E1ratai \u00F6sszesen t\u00F6bb mint hetvenmilli\u00F3 ember hal\u00E1l\u00E1t okozta." , "lang" : "hu" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\"Mao\" redirects here. For other uses, see Mao (disambiguation). This is a Chinese name; the family name is Mao. Mao Zedong\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C File:Mao. jpg Official 1967 Portrait of Mao Zedong 1st Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China In officeJune 19, 1945\u00A0\u2013 September 9, 1976(&1000000000000003100000031\u00A0years, &1000000000000008200000082\u00A0days) Deputy Liu ShaoqiLin BiaoZhou EnlaiHua Guofeng Preceded by Himself (as Central Politburo Chairman) Succeeded by Hua Guofeng 1st Chairman of the Central Politburo of the Communist Party of China In officeMarch 20, 1943\u00A0\u2013 September 28, 1958(&1000000000000001500000015\u00A0years, &10000000000000192000000192\u00A0days) Preceded by Zhang Wentian Succeeded by Himself (as Central Committee Chairman) 1st Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission In officeAugust 23, 1945\u00A0\u2013 1949September 8, 1954\u00A0\u2013 September 9, 1976 Preceded by Position created Succeeded by Hua Guofeng 1st Chairman of the National Committee Of the CPPCC In officeSeptember 21, 1949\u00A0\u2013 December 25, 1954Honorary ChairmanDecember 25, 1954\u00A0\u2013 September 9, 1976 Preceded by Position Created Succeeded by Zhou Enlai 1st Chairman of the People's Republic of China In officeSeptember 27, 1954\u00A0\u2013 April 27, 1959 Premier Zhou Enlai Deputy Zhu De Preceded by Position Created Succeeded by Liu Shaoqi Member of theNational People's Congress In office15 September 1954\u00A0\u2013 18 April 195921 December 1964\u00A0\u2013 9 September 1976 Constituency Beijing At-large Personal details Born (1893-12-26)December 26, 1893Shaoshan, Hunan, China Died September 9, 1976(1976-09-09) (aged\u00A082)Beijing, People's Republic of China Resting place Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, Beijing, People's Republic of China Nationality Han Chinese Political party Communist Party of China Spouse(s) Luo Yixiu (1907\u20131910) Yang Kaihui (1920\u20131930) He Zizhen (1930\u20131937) Jiang Qing (1939\u20131976) Religion None (atheist) Signature Title=Mao Zedong;ns=0/Main/;language:wiki=en,locale=en's signature 40x40px This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. Title=Mao Zedong;ns=0/Main/;language:wiki=en,locale=en Simplified Chinese \u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C Traditional Chinese \u6BDB\u6FA4\u6771 Hanyu Pinyin M\u00E1o Z\u00E9d\u014Dng Transcriptions Hakka - Romanization M\u00F4 Chhe\u030Dt-t\u00FBng Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin M\u00E1o Z\u00E9d\u014Dng - Wade\u2013Giles Mao Tse-tung Min - Hokkien POJ M\u00F4\u0358 Te\u030Dk-tong Cantonese (Yue) - Jyutping mou zaakdung Chairman Mao Chinese \u6BDB\u4E3B\u5E2D Transcriptions Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin M\u00E1o zh\u01D4x\u00ED Cantonese (Yue) - Jyutping Mou zyuzik Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung \u00A0listen, and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao (December 26, 1893\u00A0\u2013 September 9, 1976), was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution. He was the architect and founding father of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949, and held authoritarian control over the nation until his death in 1976. His theoretical contribution to Marxism\u2013Leninism, along with his military strategies and brand of policies, are collectively known as Maoism. Mao rose to power by commanding the Long March, forming a Second United Front with Kuomintang (KMT) during the Second Sino-Japanese War to repel a Japanese invasion, and leading the Communist Party of China (CPC) to victory against Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War. After solidifying the reunification of China through his Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries, Mao enacted sweeping land reform, by using violence and terror to overthrow the feudal landlords before seizing their large estates and dividing the land into people's communes. During the years when Mao was China\u2019s 'Great Helmsman', a range of positive changes came to China. These included promoting the status of women, improving popular literacy, doubling the school population, providing universal housing, abolishing unemployment and inflation, increasing health care access, and dramatically raising life expectancy. In addition, China's population almost doubled during the period of Mao's leadership (from around 550 to over 900 million). As a result, Mao is still officially held in high regard by many in China as a great political strategist, military mastermind, and savior of the nation. Maoists further promote his role as a theorist, statesman, poet, and visionary, while anti-revisionists continue to defend most of his policies. However, Mao remains a controversial figure to this day, with a contentious legacy that is subject to continuing revision and fierce debate. Nationwide political campaigns led by Mao, such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, are often considered catastrophic failures; while his rule is believed to have caused the deaths of 40 to 70 million people. Severe starvation during the Great Chinese Famine, mass suicide as a result of the Three-anti/five-anti campaigns, and political persecution during both the Anti-Rightist Movement and struggle sessions all resulted from these programs. His campaigns and their varying disastrous consequences are further blamed for damaging the culture and society of China, as historical relics were destroyed and religious sites were ransacked. Although Mao's stated goals of combating bureaucracy, encouraging popular participation, and stressing China\u2019s self-reliance are generally seen as laudable\u2014and the rapid industrialization that began during Mao\u2019s reign is credited for laying a foundation for China\u2019s development in the late 20th century\u2014the harsh methods he used to pursue them, including torture and executions, have been widely rebuked as being ruthless and self-defeating. Mao is still regarded as one of the most important figures in modern world history, and was named one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century by Time magazine." , "lang" : "en" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u041C\u0430\u0301\u043E \u0426\u0437\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0301\u043D\u00A0\u2014 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043A \u043C\u0430\u043E\u0457\u0437\u043C\u0443. \u0417\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0457 (\u041A\u041A\u041F) \u0443 1921, \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0457\u0457 \u043B\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043E\u043C. \u041E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0414\u043E\u0432\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0448 1934\u201435 \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0443 1937\u20141949, \u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u041D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0438 \u0456 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0443 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457. \u041E\u0447\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0456\u044E \u0439 \u0443\u0440\u044F\u0434 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0438 \u0434\u043E \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456. \u0419\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432 \u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0440\u044F\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0435\u0432\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0437\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0447\u0438\u043C \u0432 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0438 \u041A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u0457 1961\u20141969. \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043F\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C \u0434\u043E \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043C\u043E\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0432 \u041C\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0456." , "lang" : "uk" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Ce-tung byl od ledna 1935 tajemn\u00EDkem a od roku 1943 p\u0159edsedou Komunistick\u00E9 strany \u010C\u00EDny. Zv\u00EDt\u011Bzil v\u00A0ob\u010Dansk\u00E9 v\u00E1lce s nacionalisty a od roku 1949 byl nejv\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED osobnost\u00ED v nov\u011B vznikl\u00E9 komunistick\u00E9 \u010C\u00EDnsk\u00E9 lidov\u00E9 republice, a to a\u017E do sv\u00E9 smrti v roce 1976. M\u011Bl ofici\u00E1ln\u00ED p\u0159ezd\u00EDvku Velk\u00FD kormideln\u00EDk (\u4F1F\u5927\u8235\u624B). Spolu s Josifem Stalinem a Adolfem Hitlerem pat\u0159\u00ED ke t\u0159em nejkrut\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm dikt\u00E1tor\u016Fm 20. stolet\u00ED, p\u0159ipisuje se mu n\u011Bkolik des\u00EDtek milion\u016F ob\u011Bt\u00ED." , "lang" : "cs" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C tamb\u00E9 es pot trobar escrit com Mao Tse Tung, Mao Tse-Tung o Mao Zhe Tung Mao Zedong Mao Zedong, pol\u00EDtic, estadista i poeta xin\u00E8s Al 1921 va ser un dels fundadors del Partit Comunista de Xina. Va revoltar els pagesos i intent\u00E0 un aixecament a Hunan, per\u00F2 fracass\u00E0. Progressivament impos\u00E0 els seus criteris a dins el partit, arribant a cap del moviment comunista al 1935. Al 1949 despr\u00E9s d'una llarga guerra civil proclam\u00E0 la Rep\u00FAblica Popular de Xina. Va ser President del Politbur\u00F3 del Partit Comunista de Xina des del 1943 i president del Comit\u00E8 Central del Partit Comunista de Xina des del 1945 fins a la seva mort. Sota aquest lideratge, el Partit Comunista governa Xina com a resultat de la vict\u00F2ria en la guerra civil xinesa i en funda la Rep\u00FAblica Popular de la Xina el 1949. Mao va desenvolupar una branca significada del marxisme-leninisme coneguda com a maoisme, en paral\u00B7lel a la ideologia pol\u00EDtica de l'estalinisme, i mentre estava en el poder va col\u00B7lectivitzar l'agricultura durant l'anomenat Gran Salt Endavant. Va crear, i m\u00E9s tard trencar, l'alian\u00E7a amb la Uni\u00F3 Sovi\u00E8tica. M\u00E9s endavant va encetar la Revoluci\u00F3 Cultural. A Mao se li reconeix la creaci\u00F3 d'una Xina unificada, en pau i sense dominaci\u00F3 estrangera per primer cop des de la Primera Guerra de l'Opi; al mateix temps \u00E9s molt criticat pels episodis de gana de 1958\u20131961 i per la viol\u00E8ncia que va acompanyar la Revoluci\u00F3 Cultural." , "lang" : "ca" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong Acerca de este sonido\u00A0(Pronunciaci\u00F3n); fue el m\u00E1ximo dirigente del Partido Comunista de China (PCCh) y de la Rep\u00FAblica Popular China. Bajo su liderazgo, el Partido Comunista se hizo con el poder en la China continental en 1949, cuando se proclam\u00F3 la nueva Rep\u00FAblica Popular, tras la victoria en la Guerra Civil contra las fuerzas de la Rep\u00FAblica de China. La victoria comunista provoc\u00F3 la huida de Chiang Kai-shek y sus seguidores del Kuomintang a Taiw\u00E1n y convirti\u00F3 a Mao en el l\u00EDder m\u00E1ximo de China hasta su muerte en 1976. En el plano ideol\u00F3gico, Mao asumi\u00F3 los planteamientos del marxismo-leninismo pero con matices propios basados en las caracter\u00EDsticas de la sociedad china, muy diferente de la europea. En particular, el comunismo de Mao otorga un papel central a la clase campesina como motor de la revoluci\u00F3n, planteamiento que difiere de la visi\u00F3n tradicional marxista-leninista de la Uni\u00F3n Sovi\u00E9tica, que ve\u00EDa a los campesinos como una clase con escasa capacidad de movilizaci\u00F3n y adjudicaba a los trabajadores urbanos el papel central en la lucha de clases. La etapa de gobierno de Mao estuvo caracterizada por intensas campa\u00F1as de reafirmaci\u00F3n ideol\u00F3gica, que provocar\u00EDan grandes conmociones sociales y pol\u00EDticas en China, como el Gran Salto Adelante y especialmente la Revoluci\u00F3n Cultural, momento en el que su poder alcanz\u00F3 las cotas m\u00E1ximas al desarrollarse un intenso culto a la personalidad en torno a su figura. A\u00FAn hoy en d\u00EDa, el papel hist\u00F3rico de Mao est\u00E1 rodeado de una gran controversia. A\u00F1os despu\u00E9s de su muerte, en 1981, el Partido Comunista de China public\u00F3 un an\u00E1lisis oficial sobre la responsabilidad de Mao en los problemas sociales y econ\u00F3micos derivados de sus pol\u00EDticas, en el que se le achacaban errores graves, a\u00FAn cuando se reconoc\u00EDa su papel como gran l\u00EDder revolucionario y art\u00EDfice de la subida al poder del Partido Comunista. Desde entonces, el Partido Comunista de China ha mantenido esta valoraci\u00F3n hist\u00F3rica de Mao como un gran l\u00EDder, fuente de legitimidad del propio partido, que sin embargo habr\u00EDa cometido algunos errores graves. Fuera de la Rep\u00FAblica Popular, las valoraciones de Mao han variado desde la visi\u00F3n amable que lo mostraba como un l\u00EDder popular hasta la percepci\u00F3n de su etapa en el poder como un ejemplo de autoritarismo tir\u00E1nico y brutal. La mayor discrepancia entre estas visiones contrapuestas de la figura de Mao se refiere a cu\u00E1l habr\u00EDa sido su nivel de responsabilidad en el fracaso de muchas de las pol\u00EDticas radicales que se adoptaron durante su liderazgo, as\u00ED como a las cifras de muertos como consecuencia, directa o indirecta, de esas campa\u00F1as pol\u00EDticas (los m\u00E1s alcistas hablan de 70 millones, los m\u00E1s bajistas dan 10 millones). Por otro lado entre 1949 y 1975 la esperanza de vida se duplic\u00F3: de 32 a 65 a\u00F1os. A comienzos de los a\u00F1os 1970, Shangh\u00E1i ten\u00EDa una tasa de mortalidad infantil menor que Nueva York. En una generaci\u00F3n, la tasa de alfabetizaci\u00F3n subi\u00F3 de 15% en 1949 a 80-90% a mediados de los a\u00F1os 70. Entre 1949 y 1976 China, el \"enfermo de Asia\", se transform\u00F3 en una potencia industrial importante, con una tasa de desarrollo igualada solamente por los grandes auges de crecimiento de la historia." , "lang" : "es" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong war als Vorsitzender der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas (1943\u20131976), als Vorsitzender der Zentralen Volksregierung (1949\u20131954) sowie als Staatspr\u00E4sident der Volksrepublik China (1954\u20131959) der f\u00FChrende Politiker der Volksrepublik China im 20. Jahrhundert. Die politische Bewegung des Maoismus ist nach ihm benannt. Die Abl\u00F6sung Maos durch Deng Xiaoping nach 1976 f\u00FChrte im Rahmen der Reform- und \u00D6ffnungspolitik zu einer wesentlichen Abkehr von Maos Prinzipien in China selbst. Dennoch wird sein Verm\u00E4chtnis als bedeutender Revolution\u00E4r, milit\u00E4rischer Stratege und politischer Anf\u00FChrer nach wie vor geehrt. Unter anderem ist er auf chinesischen Banknoten und an prominenter Stelle am Tor des himmlischen Friedens abgebildet, wo er am 1. Oktober 1949 die Volksrepublik China proklamiert hatte. Seine Politik legte mit die Grundlagen f\u00FCr die Ver\u00E4nderung Chinas von einem r\u00FCckst\u00E4ndigen agrarischen Feudalstaat zu einer politischen und wirtschaftlichen Gro\u00DFmacht. Gleichzeitig wird Mao \u00FCber die von ihm vorangetriebenen Kampagnen und Programme, insbesondere den Gro\u00DFen Sprung nach vorn sowie die Kulturrevolution mittelbar f\u00FCr den Tod von Millionen Menschen und wesentliche wirtschaftliche Sch\u00E4den, Verluste an kulturellem Erbe und verfehlte gesellschaftliche Strukturen verantwortlich gemacht. W\u00E4hrend seiner Herrschaft starben ungef\u00E4hr 44 bis 72 Millionen Menschen an den Folgen politischer Kampagnen, diktatorischer Machtaus\u00FCbung und verfehlter Wirtschaftspolitik. Ungeachtet der nach wie vor um seine Person gef\u00FChrten Kontroversen gilt Mao als einer der einflussreichsten Politiker der Geschichte und wurde vom Time Magazine als einer der 100 wichtigsten Menschen des 20. \u00A0Jahrhunderts dargestellt." , "lang" : "de" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "| Mao Zedong Mao Zedong (\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C) Geboren 26 december 1893 Overleden 9 september 1976 Land China Partij Communistische Partij van China (CCP) Functies 1943-1976 Partijleider Communistische Partij 1949-1954 President Consultatieve Conferentie van het Chinese Volk 1954-1959 President Volksrepubliek China 1954-1976 President Centrale Militaire Commissie Handtekening 128px Portaal\u00A0 Portaalicoon \u00A0 Politiek |- | Title=Mao Zedong;ns=0/Main/;language:wiki=nl,locale=nl Naam (taalvarianten) Traditioneel \u6BDB\u6FA4\u6771 Vereenvoudigd \u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C Hanyu pinyin M\u00E1o Z\u00E9d\u014Dng Wade-Giles Mao Tse-tung Gwoyeu Romatzyh Mau Tzerdong Standaardkantonees Moow Chaak-Tong Yale mou4 jaak6 dung1 Mindongyu M\u00F2\u0324 D\u0115k-d\u016Dng Shanghainees [m\u0254\u00A0? tu\u014B] Andere benamingen Mau Tse-Tungpremier Mao \u6BDB\u4E3B\u5E2D (pinyin: m\u00E1o zh\u01D4 x\u00ED; Kantonees: Moow Chuu Chik |} Mao Zedong was een Chinees politicus en partijleider. Mao vormde decennialang het gezicht van de Volksrepubliek China. Mao Zedong was de leider van de Communistische Partij van China vanaf 1935. Mao leidde het land op dictatoriale wijze, met de Culturele Revolutie als dieptepunt. Tijdens Mao's bewind kwamen miljoenen mensen om het leven, maar steeg volgens de Chinese bronnen de levensverwachting van 35 jaar tot 70 jaar en nam het analfabetisme sterk af." , "lang" : "nl" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao har ogs\u00E5 andre betydninger. Mao ZedongMao ZedongF\u00F8dt26. desember 189322x18px Shaoshan i Hunan i KinaD\u00F8d9. september 1976 (82\u00A0\u00E5r)22x18px Beijing i Folkerepublikken KinaPartiDet kinesiske kommunistpartiFolkerepublikken Kinas leder1949\u20131976 Kommunisme100px Kommunismens historie Retninger marxisme \u00B7 leninisme \u00B7 trotskisme \u00B7 maoisme N\u00F8kkelbegrep Det kommunistiske manifest \u00B7 Komintern \u00B7 Klassekamp \u00B7 Demokratisk sentralisme \u00B7 Maos lille r\u00F8de \u00B7 Hammer og sigd \u00D8stblokken Sovjetunionen \u00B7 Warszawapakten \u00B7 COMECON \u00B7 Kina \u00B7 Cuba \u00B7 Vietnam \u00B7 Nord-Korea I Norge NKP \u00B7 AKP \u00B7 Mot Dag Personer Marx \u00B7 Engels \u00B7 Lenin \u00B7 Luxemburg \u00B7 Stalin \u00B7 Mao \u00B7 flere Mao Zedong var leder av Folkerepublikken Kinas kommunistparti fra 1935 til sin d\u00F8d i 1976. Under hans lederskap fikk partiet makten over mesteparten av Kina som f\u00F8lge av den kinesiske borgerkrig. I Folkerepublikken Kina f\u00E5r Mao \u00E6ren for \u00E5 ha skapt et (nesten) forent Kina uten utenlandsk dominans for f\u00F8rste gang siden opiumskrigene. Samtidig er han kritisert for sin politikk, ikke minst p\u00E5 det \u00F8konomiske omr\u00E5det. Mao er noen ganger omtalt som den fire store: store l\u00E6rer, store leder, store \u00F8verstkommanderende og store styrmann (\u4F1F\u5927\u5BFC\u5E08\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u9886\u8896\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u7EDF\u5E05\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u8235\u624B). Kallenavnet formann Mao var det som ble best kjent i Vesten. Til tross for den nevnte kritikken er Mao fortsatt sv\u00E6rt popul\u00E6r i Kina. Man minnes at det under hans ledelse ble satt i gang en rekke velferdstiltak, som blant annet gratis skolegang, gratis helsetjeneste, garantert arbeid. Fattigdommen gikk ned, den utbredte analfabetismen ble p\u00E5 kort tid kraftig redusert, og levealderen og folketallet steg. Mye av den takknemligheten kineserne har overfor Mao, skyldes propagandaens styrke. I viktige perioder svekket han faktisk skolevesenet, b\u00E5de f\u00F8r og ikke minst under Kulturrevolusjonen. Han tvangsinndrev s\u00E5 meget av jordbruksproduksjonen at det f\u00F8rte til en forferdelig hungersn\u00F8d. Det er vanskelig \u00E5 tallfeste hvor mange som mistet livet enten direkte ved henrettelser eller indirekte ved vanstyre under Maos maktperiode, tall p\u00E5 mellom 40 og 70 millioner har v\u00E6rt nevnt." , "lang" : "no" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Fu portavoce del Partito Comunista Cinese dal 1943 fino alla sua morte. Sotto la sua guida, il partito sal\u00EC al governo cinese a seguito della vittoria nella guerra civile e della fondazione della Repubblica Popolare Cinese, di cui, dal 1949 fu presidente. Durante la guida della Cina, svilupp\u00F2 un marxismo-leninismo \"cinesizzato\", noto come maoismo, collettivizzando l'agricoltura con il cosiddetto \"Grande Balzo in avanti\". Il presidente cinese fu promotore di un'alleanza con l'Unione Sovietica che in seguito ruppe e lanci\u00F2 la Rivoluzione Culturale. A Mao vengono attribuiti: la creazione di una Cina unificata e libera dalla dominazione straniera, l'invasione del Tibet, l'uso sistematico della repressione e dei lavori forzati, lo sterminio di milioni di contadini nella riforma agraria del 1951, la carestia del 1958-1961 e la violenza della Rivoluzione Culturale. Tra il 1959 e il 1962, nel periodo del gran balzo in avanti, si stima che a causa della sua politica morirono tra i 13 e i 46 milioni di cinesi. Mao Tse-tung viene comunemente chiamato Presidente Mao (\u6BDB\u4E3B\u5E2D, Mao Zhuxi). All'apice del suo culto della personalit\u00E0, Mao era comunemente noto in Cina come il \"Quattro volte grande\": \"Grande Maestro, Grande Capo, Grande Comandante Supremo, Grande Timoniere (\u4F1F\u5927\u5BFC\u5E08\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u9886\u8896\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u7EDF\u5E05\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u8235\u624B)\"." , "lang" : "it" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u041C\u0430\u0301\u043E \u0426\u0437\u044D\u0434\u0443\u0301\u043D\u00A0\u2014 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C XX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430, \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043A \u043C\u0430\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0438\u0432 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044E \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F (\u041A\u041F\u041A), \u041C\u0430\u043E \u0426\u0437\u044D\u0434\u0443\u043D \u0432 1930-\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0426\u0437\u044F\u043D\u0441\u0438. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u043C\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0438 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 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\u0432\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420) \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u043D \u041A\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F 1 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1949\u00A0\u0433. \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u041D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u041C\u0430\u043E \u0426\u0437\u044D\u0434\u0443\u043D \u0434\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0441\u044F \u043B\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044B. \u0421 1943 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043E \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043B \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0432 1954\u201459 \u0433\u0433. \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044F \u041A\u041D\u0420. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0451\u043B \u043D\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u00AB\u0411\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u043A\u0430\u0447\u043E\u043A\u00BB \u0438 \u00AB\u041A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u044F\u00BB, \u0443\u043D\u0451\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0438\u043B\u043B\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u0439. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041C\u0430\u043E \u0426\u0437\u044D\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u044B\u043C. \u0421 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B, \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044B, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044F \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0435\u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u0421 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u044B, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0440\u0435\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445, \u043D\u043E \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u0442 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442 \u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041C\u0430\u043E." , "lang" : "ru" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong oli kiinalainen kommunisti, sotilas ja poliitikko, joka kehitti maolaisuutena tunnetun opin ja kommunistisen suuntauksen. Kiinan kommunistisen puolueen ensimm\u00E4isen\u00E4 puheenjohtajana Mao johti kommunistit voittoon Kiinan sis\u00E4llissodassa, ja 1. lokakuuta 1949 h\u00E4n perusti Kiinan kansantasavallan, jota johti suvereenisti kuolemaansa saakka. Kiinassa h\u00E4neen viitattiin aikanaan nimikkeell\u00E4 \u201DNelj\u00E4 suurta\u201D: \u201DSuuri opettaja, Suuri johtaja, Suuri ylikomentaja, Suuri ruorimies\u201D (\u4F1F\u5927\u5BFC\u5E08\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u9886\u8896\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u7EDF\u5E05\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u8235\u624B), ja varsinkin kulttuurivallankumouksen alkamisesta l\u00E4htien h\u00E4nen ymp\u00E4rilleen kehitetty henkil\u00F6kultti saavutti valtavat mittasuhteet. Maon puheista ja kirjoituksista koottu niin sanottu Pieni punainen kirja on arvioiden mukaan maailman historian painetuin teos Raamatun ja Koraanin j\u00E4lkeen, joten h\u00E4n on my\u00F6s maailman luetuin poliittinen kirjailija ja yksi kaikkein luetuimmista kirjailijoista yleens\u00E4. Maon merkitt\u00E4vimpiin ansioihin kuuluu Kiinan nostaminen takaisin suurvallaksi oopiumisodista alkaneen ulkomaiden valta-aseman j\u00E4lkeen. H\u00E4nen katsotaan yhdist\u00E4neen aiemmin hajanaisen Kiinan, purkaneen feodalistisen j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4n ja ainakin auttaneen japanilaisten valloittajien karkotuksessa. Maon tavoitteena oli alun perin tehd\u00E4 Kiinasta suurta maatalouskommuunia muistuttava kommunistinen maatalousvaltio, mutta my\u00F6hemmin valtaannousun j\u00E4lkeen h\u00E4nen tavoitteekseen vaihtui Kiinan nostaminen nykyaikaiseksi neuvostomallin mukaiseksi teollisuusmaaksi. Sen sijaan useimmat h\u00E4nen kampanjoistaan, joista tunnetuimmat olivat suuri harppaus ja kulttuurivallankumous viisi vuotta my\u00F6hemmin, johtivat kymmenien miljoonien kiinalaisten menehtymiseen ja Kiinan kehityksen h\u00E4iriintymiseen. Nyky-Kiinan mukaan \u201DMao oli 70-prosenttisesti oikeassa\u201D. H\u00E4nest\u00E4 k\u00E4ytet\u00E4\u00E4n usein nimityst\u00E4 \u201Dpuhemies Mao\u201D." , "lang" : "fi" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Ts\u00E9-Tung 11pxouvir foi um pol\u00EDtico, te\u00F3rico, l\u00EDder comunista e revolucion\u00E1rio chin\u00EAs. Liderou a Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Chinesa e foi o arquiteto e fundador da Rep\u00FAblica Popular da China, governando o pa\u00EDs desde a sua cria\u00E7\u00E3o em 1949 at\u00E9 sua morte em 1976. Sua contribui\u00E7\u00E3o te\u00F3rica para o marxismo-leninismo, estrat\u00E9gias militares, e suas pol\u00EDticas comunistas s\u00E3o conhecidas coletivamente como mao\u00EDsmo. Mao chegou ao poder comandando a Longa Marcha, formando uma frente unida com Kuomintang (KMT) durante a Guerra Sino-Japonesa para repelir uma invas\u00E3o japonesa, e posteriormente conduzindo o Partido Comunista Chin\u00EAs at\u00E9 \u00E0 vit\u00F3ria contra o general\u00EDssimo Chiang Kai-shek do KMT na Guerra Civil Chinesa. Mao restabeleceu o controle central sobre os territ\u00F3rios fraturados da China, com exce\u00E7\u00E3o de Taiwan, e com sucesso suprimiu os opositores da nova ordem. Ele promulgou uma reforma agr\u00E1ria radical, usando a viol\u00EAncia e o terror para derrubar latifundi\u00E1rios antes de tomar suas grandes propriedades e dividir as terras em comunas populares. O triunfo definitivo do Partido Comunista aconteceu depois d\u00E9cadas de turbul\u00EAncia na China, que incluiu uma invas\u00E3o brutal pelo Jap\u00E3o e uma prolongada guerra civil. O Partido Comunista de Mao finalmente atingiu um grau de estabilidade na China, apesar do reinado de Mao ser marcado pela crise de eventos como o Grande Salto em Frente e a Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Cultural, e seus esfor\u00E7os para fechar China ao com\u00E9rcio de mercado, e erradicar a cultura tradicional chinesa, que tem sido amplamente rejeitado pelos seus sucessores. Mao se intitulava \"O Grande Timoneiro\" e partid\u00E1rios continuam a sustentar que ele foi respons\u00E1vel por uma s\u00E9rie de mudan\u00E7as positivas que vieram \u00E0 China durante seu governo de tr\u00EAs d\u00E9cadas. Estas inclu\u00EDram a duplica\u00E7\u00E3o da popula\u00E7\u00E3o escolar, proporcionando a habita\u00E7\u00E3o universal, abolindo o desemprego e a infla\u00E7\u00E3o, aumentando o acesso dos cuidados a sa\u00FAde, e elevando drasticamente a expectativa de vida. O seu Partido Comunista ainda domina na China continental, det\u00E9m o controle dos meios de comunica\u00E7\u00E3o e da educa\u00E7\u00E3o e oficialmente celebra o seu legado. Como resultado desses fatores, Mao \u00E9 ainda oficialmente possui alta considera\u00E7\u00E3o por muitos chineses como um grande estrategista pol\u00EDtico, mentor militar e \"salvador da na\u00E7\u00E3o\". Os mao\u00EDstas tamb\u00E9m divulgam seu papel como um te\u00F3rico, estadista, poeta e vision\u00E1rio, e os anti-revisionistas continuam a defender a maioria de suas pol\u00EDticas. Em 1950, ele enviou o Ex\u00E9rcito de Liberta\u00E7\u00E3o Popular para o Tibete para impor a reivindica\u00E7\u00E3o da China na regi\u00E3o do Himalaia; esmagou uma revolta ali em 1959; e em 1962, Mao lan\u00E7ou a Guerra sino-indiana. Na pol\u00EDtica externa, Mao apoiou \"revolu\u00E7\u00E3o mundial\" e, inicialmente, procurou alinhar a China com a Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica de Josef Stalin, o envio de for\u00E7as para a Guerra da Coreia e a Primeira Guerra da Indochina, bem como auxiliando movimentos comunistas na Birm\u00E2nia, Camboja, e em outros pa\u00EDses. A China e Uni\u00E3o Sovi\u00E9tica divergiram ap\u00F3s a morte de Stalin, e pouco antes da morte de Mao, a China come\u00E7ou sua abertura comercial com o Ocidente. Mao continua sendo uma figura controversa na atualidade, com um legado importante e igualmente controverso e constante. Muitos chineses acreditam tamb\u00E9m que, atrav\u00E9s de suas pol\u00EDticas, ele lan\u00E7ou os fundamentos econ\u00F4micos, tecnol\u00F3gicos e culturais da China moderna, transformando o pa\u00EDs de uma ultrapassada sociedade agr\u00E1ria em uma grande pot\u00EAncia mundial. Al\u00E9m disso, Mao \u00E9 visto por muitos como um poeta, fil\u00F3sofo e vision\u00E1rio. Como conseq\u00FC\u00EAncia, seu retrato continua a ser caracterizado na Pra\u00E7a Tiananmen e em todos as notas Renminbi. Inversamente, no Ocidente, Mao \u00E9 acusado de com seus programas sociais e pol\u00EDticos, como o Grande Salto Adiante e a Revolu\u00E7\u00E3o Cultural, causar grave fome e danos a cultura, sociedade e economia da China. Embora Mao incentivou o crescimento populacional e a popula\u00E7\u00E3o chinesa quase duplicou durante o per\u00EDodo de sua lideran\u00E7a (de cerca de 550 a mais de 900 milh\u00F5es), suas pol\u00EDticas e os expurgos pol\u00EDticos de seu governo entre 1949 a 1975, provocaram a morte de 50 a 70 milh\u00F5es de pessoas. A fome severa durante a Grande Fome Chinesa, o suic\u00EDdio em massa, como resultado das Campanhas Tr\u00EAs-Anti e Cinco-Anti, e persegui\u00E7\u00E3o pol\u00EDtica durante a Campanha Antidireitista, expurgos e sess\u00F5es de luta, todos resultaram destes programas. Suas campanhas e suas variadas consequ\u00EAncias catastr\u00F3ficas s\u00E3o posteriormente culpadas por danificar a cultura chinesa e a sociedade, como as rel\u00EDquias hist\u00F3ricas que foram destru\u00EDdas e os locais religiosos que foram saqueados. Apesar dos objetivos declarados de Mao de combater a burocracia, incentivar a participa\u00E7\u00E3o popular e sublinhar na China a auto-confian\u00E7a serem geralmente vistos como louv\u00E1veis e a r\u00E1pida industrializa\u00E7\u00E3o, que come\u00E7ou durante o reinado de Mao, \u00E9 reconhecida por estabelecer bases para o desenvolvimento da China no final do s\u00E9culo XX, os duros m\u00E9todos que ele usou para persegui-los, incluindo tortura e execu\u00E7\u00F5es, t\u00EAm sido amplamente repreendidos como sendo cru\u00E9is e auto-destrutivos. Desde que Deng Xiaoping assumiu o poder em 1978, muitas pol\u00EDticas mao\u00EDstas foram abandonadas em favor de reformas econ\u00F4micas. Mao \u00E9 visto como uma das figuras mais influentes na hist\u00F3ria do mundo moderno, e foi nomeado pela revista Time como uma dos cem personalidades mais influentes do s\u00E9culo XX." , "lang" : "pt" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong, f\u00F6dd 26 december 1893 i byn Shaoshan, Hunan, d\u00F6d 9 september 1976 i Peking, var en marxistisk teoretiker, politiker och revolution\u00E4r, ordf\u00F6rande f\u00F6r det kinesiska kommunistpartiet fr\u00E5n 1943, Folkrepubliken Kinas f\u00F6rste president (\"ordf\u00F6rande\") 1954\u20131959, i praktiken Kinas diktator fr\u00E5n det kommunistiska makt\u00F6vertagandet 1949 till sin d\u00F6d. Maos 27 \u00E5r vid makten kom att inneb\u00E4ra en omskakande inre samh\u00E4llsomv\u00E4lvning samtidigt som Sovjetunionen utmanades som kommunismens ideologiska stormakt, med ett nytt maktblock av kommunistregimer omfattande bl a Albanien och Kambodja. \u00C4ven i v\u00E4stl\u00E4nder vann hans l\u00E4ra, maoismen, utrymme under den s\u00E5 kallade v\u00E4nsterv\u00E5gen. Kritiker, bl a den kinesiske historikern Jung Chang och folkmordsexperten R J Rummel utpekar honom som 1900-talets v\u00E4rste diktator och massm\u00F6rdare i d\u00F6dstal r\u00E4knat. De flesta forskare \u00E4r \u00F6verens om att mellan 40 och 70 miljoner kineser avled som en konsekvens av Maos styre." , "lang" : "sv" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Tr\u1EA1ch \u0110\u00F4ng\u6BDB\u6CFD\u4E1C {{{mi\u00EAu t\u1EA3}}}{{{caption}}}Mao Tr\u1EA1ch \u0110\u00F4ng}}}}}} Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch \u0110\u1EA3ng C\u1ED9ng S\u1EA3n Trung Qu\u1ED1c Nhi\u1EC7m k\u1EF3 20 th\u00E1ng 3, 1943 \u2013 9 th\u00E1ng 9, 1976 K\u1EBF nhi\u1EC7m Hoa Qu\u1ED1c Phong Ph\u00F3 Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch L\u01B0u Thi\u1EBFu K\u1EF3 L\u00E2m B\u01B0u Chu \u00C2n Lai Hoa Qu\u1ED1c Phong Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch C\u1ED9ng h\u00F2a Nh\u00E2n d\u00E2n Trung Hoa Nhi\u1EC7m k\u1EF3 27 th\u00E1ng 9, 1954 \u2013 27 th\u00E1ng 4, 1959 K\u1EBF nhi\u1EC7m L\u01B0u Thi\u1EBFu K\u1EF3 Ph\u00F3 Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch Chu \u0110\u1EE9c Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch Qu\u00E2n \u1EE7y Trung \u01B0\u01A1ng Nhi\u1EC7m k\u1EF3 8 th\u00E1ng 9, 1954 \u2013 9 th\u00E1ng 9, 1976 K\u1EBF nhi\u1EC7m Hoa Qu\u1ED1c Phong Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch Hi\u1EC7p Ch\u00EDnh Nhi\u1EC7m k\u1EF3 1 th\u00E1ng 10, 1949 \u2013 25 th\u00E1ng 12, 1976 K\u1EBF nhi\u1EC7m Chu \u00C2n Lai \u1EE6y vi\u00EAn \u0110\u1EA1i h\u1ED9i \u0110\u1EA1i bi\u1EC3u Nh\u00E2n d\u00E2n To\u00E0n qu\u1ED1c \u0110\u1EA1i di\u1EC7n Khu v\u1EF1c B\u1EAFc Kinh (54 \u2013 59; 64 \u2013 76) \u0110\u1EA3ng \u0110\u1EA3ng C\u1ED9ng s\u1EA3n Sinh 26 th\u00E1ng 12, 1893 Thi\u1EC1u S\u01A1n, T\u01B0\u01A1ng \u0110\u00E0m, H\u1ED3 Nam, \u0110\u1EA1i Thanh Qu\u1ED1c M\u1EA5t 9 th\u00E1ng 9, 1976 (82 tu\u1ED5i) B\u1EAFc Kinh, C\u1ED9ng h\u00F2a Nh\u00E2n d\u00E2n Trung Hoa D\u00E2n t\u1ED9c H\u00E1n T\u00F4n gi\u00E1o Kh\u00F4ng Phu nh\u00E2n La Th\u1ECB (\u7F57\u4E00\u79C0) D\u01B0\u01A1ng Khai Tu\u1EC7 (\u6768\u5F00\u6167) H\u1EA1 T\u1EED Tr\u00E2n (\u8D3A\u5B50\u73CD) Giang Thanh (\u6C5F\u9752) Con c\u00E1i Mao Ng\u1EA1n Anh (\u6BDB\u5CB8\u82F1) Mao Ng\u1EA1n Thanh (\u6BDB\u5CB8\u9752) Mao Ng\u1EA1n Long L\u00FD M\u1EABn (\u674E\u654F) L\u00FD N\u1EA1p (\u674E\u8BB7) Ch\u1EEF k\u00ED Mao Tr\u1EA1ch \u0110\u00F4ng, t\u1EF1 Nhu\u1EADn Chi (\u6F64\u4E4B) [ban \u0111\u1EA7u l\u00E0 V\u1ECBnh Chi (\u8A60\u829D), sau \u0111\u1ED5i l\u00E0 Nhu\u1EADn Chi trong kinh t\u1EBF \u0111\u00E3 \u0111\u1EC3 l\u1EA1i nh\u1EEFng h\u1EADu qu\u1EA3 tai h\u1EA1i. Mao Tr\u1EA1ch \u0110\u00F4ng c\u0169ng l\u00E0 ng\u01B0\u1EDDi ph\u00E1t \u0111\u1ED9ng \u0110\u1EA1i C\u00E1ch m\u1EA1ng v\u0103n h\u00F3a v\u00F4 s\u1EA3n, th\u01B0\u1EDDng g\u1ECDi l\u00E0 C\u00E1ch m\u1EA1ng v\u0103n h\u00F3a. Theo m\u1ED9t s\u1ED1 li\u1EC7u th\u1ED1ng k\u00EA, Mao Tr\u1EA1ch \u0110\u00F4ng l\u00E0 nh\u00E0 l\u00E3nh \u0111\u1EA1o \u0111\u00E3 tr\u1EF1c ti\u1EBFp hay gi\u00E1n ti\u1EBFp g\u00E2y ra c\u00E1i ch\u1EBFt cho 77.000.000 ng\u01B0\u1EDDi, v\u00E0 ng\u01B0\u1EDDi \u0111\u1EE9ng th\u1EE9 hai l\u00E0 Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin v\u1EDBi 43.000.000 ng\u01B0\u1EDDi. Mao Tr\u1EA1ch \u0110\u00F4ng l\u00E0 ng\u01B0\u1EDDi c\u00F3 c\u00F4ng trong vi\u1EC7c g\u1EA7n nh\u01B0 th\u1ED1ng nh\u1EA5t \u0111\u01B0\u1EE3c Trung Qu\u1ED1c, \u0111\u01B0a Trung Qu\u1ED1c tho\u00E1t kh\u1ECFi \u00E1ch \u00E1p b\u1EE9c c\u1EE7a ngo\u1EA1i qu\u1ED1c k\u1EC3 t\u1EEB cu\u1ED9c Chi\u1EBFn tranh Nha phi\u1EBFn cu\u1ED1i th\u1EBF k\u1EF7 19, nh\u01B0ng c\u0169ng b\u1ECB ph\u00EA ph\u00E1n v\u1EC1 tr\u00E1ch nhi\u1EC7m c\u1EE7a \u00F4ng trong n\u1EA1n \u0111\u00F3i 1959\u20131961 v\u00E0 nh\u1EEFng tai h\u1ECDa c\u1EE7a C\u00E1ch m\u1EA1ng v\u0103n h\u00F3a. Mao Tr\u1EA1ch \u0110\u00F4ng th\u01B0\u1EDDng \u0111\u01B0\u1EE3c g\u1ECDi m\u1ED9t c\u00E1ch t\u00F4n k\u00EDnh t\u1EA1i C\u1ED9ng h\u00F2a Nh\u00E2n d\u00E2n Trung Hoa l\u00E0 Mao Ch\u1EE7 t\u1ECBch (\u6BDB\u4E3B\u5E2D). V\u00E0o th\u1EDDi \u0111\u1EC9nh cao c\u1EE7a s\u1EF1 s\u00F9ng b\u00E1i c\u00E1 nh\u00E2n, \u00F4ng \u0111\u01B0\u1EE3c t\u00F4n l\u00E0 ng\u01B0\u1EDDi c\u00F3 b\u1ED1n c\u00E1i \"v\u0129 \u0111\u1EA1i\": Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi th\u1EA7y v\u0129 \u0111\u1EA1i, L\u00E3nh t\u1EE5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1EA1i, Th\u1ED1ng so\u00E1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1EA1i, Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi c\u1EA7m l\u00E1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1EA1i (\u4F1F\u5927\u5BFC\u5E08\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u9886\u8896\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u7EDF\u5E05\uFF0C\u4F1F\u5927\u8235\u624B v\u0129 \u0111\u1EA1i \u0111\u1EA1o s\u01B0, v\u0129 \u0111\u1EA1i l\u00E3nh t\u1EE5, v\u0129 \u0111\u1EA1i th\u1ED1ng so\u00E1i, v\u0129 \u0111\u1EA1i \u0111\u00E0 th\u1EE7)." , "lang" : "vi" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong, Mao Tse-tung pos\u0142uchaj po chi\u0144sku\u00A0 \u2013 chi\u0144ski przyw\u00F3dca komunistyczny, od 1943 r. szef biura politycznego oraz Przewodnicz\u0105cy Komitetu Politycznego Komunistycznej Partii Chin (a\u017C do \u015Bmierci). 1 pa\u017Adziernika 1949 na placu Tian'anmen Mao og\u0142osi\u0142 powstanie Chi\u0144skiej Republiki Ludowej. Od lat pi\u0119\u0107dziesi\u0105tych za jego spraw\u0105 przeprowadzono szereg kampanii politycznych i gospodarczych takich jak: kampania przeciwko prawicowcom, wielki skok naprz\u00F3d, rewolucja kulturalna \u2013 doprowadzi\u0142y one do \u015Bmierci dziesi\u0105tk\u00F3w milion\u00F3w ludzi. Razem z Zhu De za\u0142o\u017Cy\u0142 Armi\u0119 Ludowo-Wyzwole\u0144cz\u0105 (1 sierpnia 1927) po tym, jak Czang Kaj-szek rozpocz\u0105\u0142 seri\u0119 czystek przeciwko komunistom. Po zdobyciu w\u0142adzy Mao zapocz\u0105tkowa\u0142 przebudow\u0119 systemu gospodarczego i spo\u0142ecznego Chin poprzez proces kolektywizacji. Przyczyni\u0142 si\u0119 tak\u017Ce do roz\u0142amu w bloku pa\u0144stw komunistycznych i zaognienia stosunk\u00F3w z ZSRR. U schy\u0142ku \u017Cycia doprowadzi\u0142 do ocieplenia stosunk\u00F3w ze Stanami Zjednoczonymi." , "lang" : "pl" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/wordnet_type" : [ { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-incumbent-noun-1" } , { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-president-noun-3" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/successor" : [ { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Zhou_Enlai" } , { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hua_Guofeng" } , { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Liu_Shaoqi" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Himself" , "lang" : "en" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/ontology/region" : [ { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Beijing" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/constituency" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Beijing At-large" , "lang" : "en" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/order" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "st" , "lang" : "en" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "1.0" , "datatype" : "http://dbpedia.org/datatype/second" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/as" : [ { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Post re-established" , "lang" : "en" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Chairman of the Central People's Government" , "lang" : "en" } , { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/President_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/birthPlace" : [ { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Shaoshan" } , { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Qing_Dynasty" } , { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hunan" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/birthDate" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "1893-12-26" , "datatype" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/signature" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Mao Zedong Signature.svg" , "lang" : "en" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/ontology/individualisedPnd" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "118577425" , "lang" : "de" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/deathDate" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "1976-09-09" , "datatype" : "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/deathPlace" : [ { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/China" } , { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Beijing" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/after" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Himself" , "lang" : "en" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/ontology/office" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Member of the" , "lang" : "en" } , { "type" : "literal", "value" : "National People's Congress" , "lang" : "en" } ] , "http://dbpedia.org/property/timestamp" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "20111003115753" , "datatype" : 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