"A mandzsu n\u00E9p a tunguz n\u00E9pcsoporthoz tartozik. Eredetileg Mandzs\u00FAri\u00E1ban \u00E9ltek. A tizenhetedik sz\u00E1zadban megd\u00F6nt\u00F6tt\u00E9k a Ming-dinaszti\u00E1t \u00E9s megalap\u00EDtott\u00E1k a Csing-dinaszti\u00E1t, mely uralkodott K\u00EDna f\u00F6l\u00F6tt eg\u00E9szen a cs\u00E1sz\u00E1rs\u00E1g megd\u00F6nt\u00E9s\u00E9ig 1912-ben. A mandzsuk nagyj\u00E1b\u00F3l asszimil\u00E1l\u00F3dtak a t\u00F6bbs\u00E9gi han n\u00E9pbe. A mandzsu nyelv majdnem kihalt, \u00E9s mostan\u00E1ban csak izol\u00E1lt rur\u00E1lis helyeken besz\u00E9lik \u00C9szakkelet-K\u00EDn\u00E1ban. Kb. m\u00E9g t\u00EDzezren besz\u00E9lik a Sibe (Xibo) dialektust a Xinjiang tartom\u00E1ny Ili r\u00E9gi\u00F3j\u00E1ban. Az ut\u00F3bbi \u00E9vekben viszont egyre t\u00F6bben \u00E9rdekl\u0151dnek a mandzsu kult\u00FAra ut\u00E1n, mint mandzsuk mint hanok k\u00F6zt. Azoknak az embereknek a sz\u00E1ma, kiknek mandzsu \u0151sei voltak, relat\u00EDve nagy, \u00E9s mivel a kisebbs\u00E9gek el\u0151ny\u00F6ket \u00E9lvezhetnek (k\u00F6nnyebben bejutnak az egyetemre, \u00E1llami munk\u00E1k), ez\u00E9rt egyre t\u00F6bben vallj\u00E1k magukat mandzsunak."@hu . "Mand\u017Euov\u00E9 je n\u00E1rodnost historicky poch\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00ED z Mand\u017Euska, dnes p\u0159ev\u00E1\u017En\u011B \u017Eij\u00EDc\u00ED v severn\u00ED \u010C\u00EDn\u011B. V \u010C\u00EDn\u011B tvo\u0159\u00ED 0,9% celkov\u00E9 \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 populace. Jejich p\u016Fvodn\u00ED jazyk pat\u0159\u00ED do mand\u017Eusko-tunguzsk\u00E9 v\u011Btve altajsk\u00E9 rodiny, dnes je v\u0161ak pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n jen v n\u011Bkter\u00FDch venkovsk\u00FDch oblastech malou skupinou star\u00FDch lid\u00ED. Mand\u017Euov\u00E9 jsou v sou\u010Dasn\u00E9 dob\u011B z naprost\u00E9 m\u00EDry asimilov\u00E1ni \u010C\u00ED\u0148any, kter\u00FDm mand\u017Eusk\u00E1 dynastie \u010Cching v letech 1644-1912 na vlastn\u00EDm \u00FAzem\u00ED vl\u00E1dla."@cs . "Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi M\u00E3n hay Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi M\u00E3n Ch\u00E2u l\u00E0 m\u1ED9t d\u00E2n t\u1ED9c thu\u1ED9c nh\u00F3m ng\u01B0\u1EDDi Tungus c\u00F3 ngu\u1ED3n g\u1ED1c t\u1EEB v\u00F9ng M\u00E3n Ch\u00E2u (nay l\u00E0 \u0111\u00F4ng nam Nga v\u00E0 \u0111\u00F4ng b\u1EAFc Trung Qu\u1ED1c). Trong cu\u1ED9c n\u1ED5i d\u1EADy v\u00E0o th\u1EBF k\u1EF7 17, v\u1EDBi s\u1EF1 gi\u00FAp \u0111\u1EE1 c\u1EE7a nh\u1EEFng ng\u01B0\u1EDDi ph\u1EA3n lo\u1EA1n nh\u00E0 Minh, ng\u01B0\u1EDDi M\u00E3n thu ph\u1EE5c nh\u00E0 Minh v\u00E0 l\u1EADp ra nh\u00E0 Thanh, tri\u1EC1u \u0111\u1EA1i \u0111\u00E3 bi\u1EBFn Trung Qu\u1ED1c th\u00E0nh m\u1ED9t thu\u1ED9c \u0111\u1ECBa v\u00E0 c\u00F2n th\u1ED1ng tr\u1ECB c\u1EA3 \u0110\u00E0i Loan, M\u00F4ng C\u1ED5, T\u00E2y T\u1EA1ng v\u00E0 T\u00E2n C\u01B0\u01A1ng cho t\u1EDBi cu\u1ED9c c\u00E1ch m\u1EA1ng T\u00E2n H\u1EE3i n\u0103m 1911, cu\u1ED9c c\u00E1ch m\u1EA1ng d\u1EABn \u0111\u1EBFn vi\u1EC7c th\u00E0nh l\u1EADp ch\u00EDnh ph\u1EE7 Trung Hoa D\u00E2n Qu\u1ED1c c\u0169ng nh\u01B0 t\u1EA5t c\u1EA3 c\u00E1c thu\u1ED9c \u0111\u1ECBa kh\u00E1c c\u0169ng tuy\u00EAn b\u1ED1 \u0111\u1ED9c l\u1EADp. D\u00E2n t\u1ED9c M\u00E3n ng\u00E0y nay ph\u1EA7n l\u1EDBn \u0111\u00E3 b\u1ECB \u0111\u1ED3ng h\u00F3a v\u1EDBi v\u00E0i ch\u1EE7ng t\u1ED9c kh\u00E1c (\u0111\u1EB7c bi\u1EC7t l\u00E0 ng\u01B0\u1EDDi H\u00E1n). Ti\u1EBFng M\u00E3n c\u0169ng g\u1EA7n nh\u01B0 c\u0169ng kh\u00F4ng c\u00F2n n\u1EEFa, ng\u00E0y nay ch\u1EC9 c\u00F3 nh\u1EEFng ng\u01B0\u1EDDi gi\u00E0 s\u1ED1ng \u1EDF c\u00E1c v\u00F9ng n\u00F4ng th\u00F4n h\u1EBBo l\u00E1nh \u1EDF b\u1EAFc Trung Qu\u1ED1c ho\u1EB7c nh\u1EEFng h\u1ECDc gi\u1EA3 l\u00E0 c\u00F2n n\u00F3i \u0111\u01B0\u1EE3c ng\u00F4n ng\u1EEF n\u00E0y; hi\u1EC7n c\u00F3 kho\u1EA3ng m\u01B0\u1EDDi ngh\u00ECn ng\u01B0\u1EDDi n\u00F3i ti\u1EBFng T\u00EDch B\u00E1, m\u1ED9t ph\u01B0\u01A1ng ng\u1EEF \u0111\u01B0\u1EE3c n\u00F3i \u1EDF v\u00F9ng Y L\u00EA t\u1EA1i T\u00E2n C\u01B0\u01A1ng."@vi . "Mant\u0161ut ovat kansa, jonka perinteinen kotialue on Mant\u0161uria, joka sijaitsee nykyisin Kiinassa. Mant\u0161ujen oma kieli, mant\u0161un kieli, on uhanalainen kieli, sill\u00E4 nykyiset mant\u0161ut puhuvat p\u00E4\u00E4osin \u00E4idinkielen\u00E4\u00E4n kiinaa. Mant\u0161uja on noin 10 miljoonaa. Mant\u0161ut ovat yksi Kiinan kansantasavallan 55 virallisesti rekister\u00F6idyst\u00E4 v\u00E4hemmist\u00F6kansallisuudesta, mik\u00E4 takaa heille tiettyj\u00E4 etuuksia, esimerkiksi yhden lapsen politiikka ei koske v\u00E4hemmist\u00F6kansallisuuksia."@fi . "Manchuer (\u00E4ldre \u00E4ven mandsjuer) \u00E4r ett tungusiskt folk i Manchuriet i nuvarande nord\u00F6stra Kina. De uppg\u00E5r till omkring 10 miljoner. Det traditionella spr\u00E5ket \u00E4r manchuiska, men det talas endast av ett f\u00E5tal. Manchuerna besegrade p\u00E5 1600-talet Mingdynastin, tog makten \u00F6ver Kina och skapade Qingdynastin \u00E5r 1644, som varade till revolutionen 1911 som st\u00F6rtade kejsard\u00F6met. Manchuerna h\u00F6rde till de ursprungliga inv\u00E5narna i Manchuriet och tillh\u00F6r den manchu-tungusiska grenen av den altaiska folk- och spr\u00E5kstammen. Manchuspr\u00E5ket var under Qingdynastin hovets och den h\u00F6gre administrationens officiella spr\u00E5k i det kejserliga Kina och m\u00E5ste s\u00E5som s\u00E5dant l\u00E4ras av alla \u00E4mbetsm\u00E4nnen. Manchuerna erk\u00E4nde det tungusiska jurchen-folket som sina \u00E4ldsta f\u00F6rf\u00E4der, vilka kineserna kallar n\u00FCzhen. Enligt kinesiska k\u00E4llor bodde dessa i b\u00F6rjan av 900-talet emellan floderna Amur i norr och Sungari i v\u00E4st samt l\u00F6d d\u00E5 under khitanerna, vilka sannolikt ocks\u00E5 var av tungusisk h\u00E4rkomst. \u00C5r 1114 gjorde jurchen-folket sig sj\u00E4lvst\u00E4ndiga och er\u00F6vrade under sin h\u00F6vding Aguda och hans dynasti, \"Jin\" (\"guld\"), efter hand hela det stora Khitan-riket (hela \u00F6stra Centralasien och en del av norra Kina) samt andra delar av Kina j\u00E4mte sj\u00E4lva huvudstaden Nanjing. Men sedan Djingis khan er\u00F6vrat Kina, v\u00E4nde sig hans eftertr\u00E4dare mot jurchen-folket. Jin-dynastin st\u00F6rtades, och jurchen-stammarna undantr\u00E4ngdes till Liaodong, det nuvarande Manchuriets sydligaste provins. I b\u00F6rjan av 1600-talet upptr\u00E4dde en h\u00F6vding, Nurhaci som f\u00F6renade flera andra besl\u00E4ktade jurchen-stammar och grundade den senare Jindynastin. Han son, Hung Taiji, skapade det gemensamma namnet \"Manchu\" och gjorde sig oberoende av Mingdynastin i Kina. 1636 \u00E4ndrade Hung Taiji dynastins namn till Qing. 1644 intogs Peking och gjorde hans sju\u00E5rige son, Shunzhi, blev kejsare, varefter snart hela det kinesiska riket f\u00F6ll under Manchu-dynastin Qing, vilken varade till 1911. Traditionellt var manchuerna till st\u00F6rsta delen ett bofast, \u00E5kerbruks- och hantverksidkande folk och antog buddhismen. Blott n\u00E5gra f\u00E5 nordliga stammar, soloner, daurer och andra, vilka dock snarare torde b\u00F6ra anses som egentliga tunguser, h\u00E5lla \u00E4nnu fast vid sin ursprungliga schamanism och sitt nomadiska levnadss\u00E4tt. I milit\u00E4riskt h\u00E4nseende indelades manchuerna traditionellt i de \u00E5tta f\u00E4nikorna, varf\u00F6r de \u00E4ven kallas Baqi (\"\u00E5tta fanor\"), men s\u00E5som blott v\u00E4pnade med pil och b\u00E5ge anv\u00E4ndas de vapenf\u00F6ra mer som j\u00E4gare \u00E4n som soldater. Efter Xinhairevolutionen 1911 f\u00F6rlorade manchuerna sin s\u00E4rskilda st\u00E4llning som privilegierad etnisk grupp och utsattes f\u00F6r ett h\u00E5rt tryck att assimileras. Efter Folkrepubliken Kinas grundade 1949 erk\u00E4ndes manchuerna officiellt som en av Kinas etniska minoriteter och antalet personer som identifierar sig som manchuer har \u00F6kat kraftigt. I dag finns det inget s\u00E4rskilt omr\u00E5de som domineras av manchuer och folkgruppen finns representerad \u00F6verallt i Kina, dock finns det viss koncentration av manchuer i nord\u00F6stra Kina. Med undantag f\u00F6r en liten folkspillra i Heilongjiang har de flesta manchuer \u00F6vergivit det manchuiska spr\u00E5ket och \u00F6verg\u00E5tt till att tala kinesiska dialekter."@sv . "\u6EE1\u65CF\uFF08\u6EE1\u8BED\uFF1A15px\uFF0C\u8F6C\u5199\uFF1Amanju\uFF09\uFF0C\u5168\u7A31\u6EFF\u6D32\u65CF\uFF0C\u53E6\u6709\u201C\u6EFF\u6D32\u4EBA\u201D\u3001\u201C\u6EFF\u4EBA\u201D\u3001\u201C\u65D7\u4EBA\u201D\u3001\u201C\u65D7\u65CF\u201D\u3001\u201C\u6EFF\u73E0\u201D\u3001\u201C\u66FC\u73E0\u201D\u3001\u201C\u5999\u5409\u7965\u201D\u7B49\u7A31\u3002\u662F\u4E2D\u56FD\u7684\u5C11\u6570\u6C11\u65CF\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F\u901A\u53E4\u65AF\u6C11\u65CF\u4E2D\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u652F\u7CFB\u3002\u6EE1\u65CF\u6709\u4EBA\u53E310,708,464\u4EBA\uFF0C\u5360\u4E2D\u56FD\u5C11\u6570\u6C11\u65CF\u4EBA\u53E3\u768410.2%\uFF0C\u662F\u4EC5\u6B21\u4E8E\u58EE\u65CF\u7684\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5927\u5C11\u6570\u65CF\u7FA4\u3002 \u6EE1\u65CF\u53CA\u5176\u524D\u8EAB\u6C11\u65CF\u672C\u4E16\u5C45\u4E8E\u5F53\u4ECA\u4E2D\u56FD\u4E1C\u5317\u53CA\u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u8FDC\u4E1C\u5916\u5174\u5B89\u5CAD\u5730\u533A\u3002\u5341\u4E03\u4E16\u7EAA\u4E2D\u671F\uFF0C\u7531\u6EFF\u65CF\u7D71\u6CBB\u8005\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u6E05\u671D\u5165\u4E3B\u4E2D\u539F\uFF0C\u7EDD\u5927\u591A\u6570\u516B\u65D7\u5C06\u58EB\u4EA6\u201C\u4ECE\u9F99\u5165\u5173\u201D\uFF0C\u5B9A\u5C45\u5317\u4EAC\uFF0C\u53C8\u62E8\u51FA\u4E00\u5C11\u90E8\u5206\u5728\u5173\u5185\u5404\u5904\u8981\u5730\u9A7B\u9632\u3002\u5F53\u65F6\u7559\u5B88\u4E1C\u5317\u7684\u516B\u65D7\u5175\u4E00\u5EA6\u53EA\u67091524\u4EBA\uFF0C\u53CD\u800C\u6240\u5269\u65E0\u51E0\u3002\u540E\u6765\uFF0C\u5C24\u5176\u662F\u4E0E\u6C99\u7687\u4FC4\u56FD\u53D1\u751F\u8FB9\u754C\u51B2\u7A81\u4E4B\u540E\uFF0C\u4F7F\u5F97\u7EDF\u6CBB\u8005\u91CD\u65B0\u91CD\u89C6\u4E1C\u4E09\u7701\u7684\u9632\u52A1\u3002\u4ED6\u4EEC\u5F00\u59CB\u6709\u8BA1\u5212\u7684\u4F7F\u65D7\u4EBA\u5411\u4E1C\u7701\u6545\u571F\u56DE\u6D41\uFF0C\u4F46\u5317\u4EAC\u59CB\u7EC8\u662F\u6E05\u4EE3\u6EE1\u65CF\u653F\u6CBB\u3001\u7ECF\u6D4E\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u201C\u5927\u672C\u8425\u201D\u3002\u96CD\u6B63\u5E1D\u66FE\u8A00\uFF0C\u201C\u9A7B\u9632\u4E4B\u5730\u4E0D\u8FC7\u51FA\u5DEE\u4E4B\u6240\uFF0C\u4EAC\u5E08\u4E43\u5176\u4E61\u571F\u3002\u201D\u6545\u7EC8\u6E05\u4E4B\u4E16\uFF0C\u4EAC\u65D7\u6587\u5316\u662F\u6E05\u4EE3\u6EFF\u65CF\u6587\u5316\u4E2D\u7684\u4E3B\u6D41\u3002\u76F4\u81F3\u6E05\u5BA4\u900A\u4F4D\u540E\u7684\u6C11\u56FD\u521D\u671F\uFF0C\u7531\u4E8E\u5173\u5185\u653F\u5C40\u4E0D\u7A33\uFF0C\u5BF9\u5305\u62EC\u4EAC\u65D7\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5173\u5185\u5404\u5730\u6EE1\u65CF\u4EBA\u58EB\u9020\u6210\u5F88\u5927\u7684\u51B2\u51FB\uFF0C\u4EBA\u53E3\u6570\u91CF\u5267\u51CF\uFF1B\u800C\u653F\u5C40\u76F8\u5BF9\u7A33\u5B9A\u3001\u53C8\u662F\u6EE1\u65CF\u6545\u4E61\u7684\u4E1C\u5317\u5730\u533A\u6B64\u540E\u91CD\u65B0\u6210\u4E3A\u6EE1\u65CF\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7126\u70B9\u3002 \u5F53\u4EE3\u6EE1\u65CF\u4EE5\u6563\u5C45\u4E3A\u4E3B\uFF0C\u4E3B\u8981\u5206\u5E03\u5728\u4E2D\u56FD\u5927\u9646\u5730\u533A\u3002\u5176\u4E2D\u5C45\u4E8E\u8FBD\u5B81\u8005\u4E3A\u6700\u591A\uFF0C\u53E6\u5916\u5728\u6CB3\u5317\u3001\u9ED1\u9F8D\u6C5F\u3001\u5409\u6797\u3001\u5167\u8499\u3001\u5317\u4EAC\u7B4931\u500B\u7701\u5340\u5E02\u5747\u6709\u5206\u5E03\u3002\u9664\u4E86\u6563\u5C45\u4E4B\u5916\uFF0C\u6EE1\u65CF\u4E5F\u6709\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u805A\u5C45\u533A\uFF0C\u5982\u5CAB\u5CA9\u3001\u6E05\u539F\u3001\u65B0\u5BBE\u3001\u672C\u6EAA\u3001\u6853\u4EC1\u3001\u5BBD\u7538\u3001\u4F0A\u901A\u3001\u9752\u9F99\u3001\u4E30\u5B81\u3001\u5BBD\u57CE\u6EE1\u65CF\u81EA\u6CBB\u53BF\u3001\u56F4\u573A\u6EE1\u65CF\u8499\u53E4\u65CF\u81EA\u6CBB\u53BF\u53CA\u6EE6\u5E73\u3001\u9686\u5316\u7B49\u6C11\u65CF\u53BF\u548C\u6570\u5341\u4E2A\u6EE1\u65CF\u81EA\u6CBB\u4E61\u9547\u3002\u4E0D\u540C\u5730\u533A\u7684\u6EE1\u65CF\u4EBA\u5728\u98CE\u4FD7\u4E0A\u5B58\u5728\u7740\u4E00\u5B9A\u5DEE\u5F02\u3002"@zh . "The Manchus are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria. For centuries, the Manchu ethnicity has acculturated with the majority Han ethnicity of China. Most Manchu today speak Standard Chinese, while the Manchu language is only spoken by elderly people in remote northeastern China and a few scholars; there are around ten thousand speakers of Xibe, a closely related language spoken in the Ili region of Xinjiang."@en . "Mant\u0161ut"@fi . . "\uB9CC\uC8FC\uC871\uC740 \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uC0C1\uD55C \uD241\uAD6C\uC2A4\uACC4 \uBBFC\uC871\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5EC\uC9C4\uC871\uC758 \uD6C4\uC2E0\uC73C\uB85C, \uC5EC\uC9C4\uC871\uC774 \uC138\uC6B4 \uAE08\uB098\uB77C\uB97C \uB2E4\uC2DC \uC138\uC6B4\uB2E4\uB294 \uB73B\uC73C\uB85C \uD6C4\uAE08\uC744 \uAC74\uAD6D\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uBCF8\uB798 \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC758 \uD55C\uC790\uB294 \u2018\u6EFF\u73E0\u2019\uC774\uB098, \uD55C\uC790\uAC00 \uC798\uBABB \uC804\uD574\uC838\uC11C \u2018\u6EFF\u6D32\u2019\uB77C\uB294 \uD55C\uC790\uB85C \uBD88\uB838\uC73C\uBA70, \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC5B4\uC758 \uBBFC\uC871\uBA85 Manju\uC758 \uCC28\uC74C\uC774\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D \uB0B4 55\uAC1C \uC18C\uC218\uBBFC\uC871\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC871\uC740 \uB300\uB300\uB85C \uB3D9\uBD81\uC9C0\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uC0B4\uC558\uC73C\uB098 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC778 \uC6D0\uC778\uC73C\uB85C \uC9C0\uAE08\uC740 \uAC70\uC758 \uC804\uAD6D \uAC01\uC9C0\uC5D0 \uBD84\uD3EC\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. 2000\uB144, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5D0 1,068\uB9CC \uBA85\uC774 \uC0B4\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC870\uC0AC\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uC694 \uBD84\uD3EC \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC740 \uB3D9\uBD81 3\uC131\uC73C\uB85C 7,185,461\uBA85\uC774 \uAC70\uC8FC\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uADF8\uC911 \uB7B4\uC624\uB2DD \uC131\uC774 4,952,859\uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB9CE\uB2E4. \uACFC\uAC70\uC5D0\uB294 \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC5B4\uB97C \uC77C\uC0C1\uC5B4\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uCCAD\uB098\uB77C \uC2DC\uB300\uC5D0 \uC9C4\uD589\uB41C \uBBFC\uC871 \uBB38\uD654\uC758 \uD55C\uC871\uD654(\u6F22\u65CF\u5316)\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uD604\uC7AC\uB294 \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC5B4\uC758 \uC0AC\uC6A9 \uC778\uAD6C\uB294 \uADF9\uC18C\uC218\uB85C, \uAC70\uC758 \uBAA8\uB450 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4. \uD604\uC7AC \uC2E0\uC7A5 \uC6E8\uC774\uC6B0\uC5BC \uC790\uCE58\uAD6C\uC5D0 \uAC70\uC8FC\uD558\uB294 \uC18C\uC218\uBBFC\uC871\uC778 \uC2DC\uBC84\uC871\uC740 \uAC74\uB96D\uC81C \uC2DC\uB300\uC5D0 \uC6D0\uC815\uAD70\uC73C\uB85C \uCC38\uAC00\uD558\uC5EC \uC815\uCC29\uD55C \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC871\uC758 \uD6C4\uC608\uC774\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC871\uACFC\uB294 \uB2E4\uB978 \uBCC4\uAC1C\uC758 \uBBFC\uC871\uC73C\uB85C \uAC04\uC8FC\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . "\uB9CC\uC8FC\uC871"@ko . . . "aih\u016Bn"@en . "De Mantsjoes zijn een Toengoezisch volk die haar oorsprong had in Noordoost-Azi\u00EB, in een gebied dat bekend is geworden als Mantsjoerije. De voorouders van hen stichtte de Jin-dynastie (1115-1234). Bij de opmars van de Mantsjoes, begin 17e eeuw, veroverden zij China dat toen onder het bestuur stond van de Ming-dynastie en stichtten daar het Qing-rijk, dat China bestuurde tot 1912, toen de Chinese Revolutie hen van de troon stootte. Vanaf de Qing-dynastie begon de sinificatie."@nl . "10700000"^^ . . . . . . "Mand\u017Euov\u00E9 je n\u00E1rodnost historicky poch\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00ED z Mand\u017Euska, dnes p\u0159ev\u00E1\u017En\u011B \u017Eij\u00EDc\u00ED v severn\u00ED \u010C\u00EDn\u011B. V \u010C\u00EDn\u011B tvo\u0159\u00ED 0,9% celkov\u00E9 \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00E9 populace. Jejich p\u016Fvodn\u00ED jazyk pat\u0159\u00ED do mand\u017Eusko-tunguzsk\u00E9 v\u011Btve altajsk\u00E9 rodiny, dnes je v\u0161ak pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n jen v n\u011Bkter\u00FDch venkovsk\u00FDch oblastech malou skupinou star\u00FDch lid\u00ED. Mand\u017Euov\u00E9 jsou v sou\u010Dasn\u00E9 dob\u011B z naprost\u00E9 m\u00EDry asimilov\u00E1ni \u010C\u00ED\u0148any, kter\u00FDm mand\u017Eusk\u00E1 dynastie \u010Cching v letech 1644-1912 na vlastn\u00EDm \u00FAzem\u00ED vl\u00E1dla."@cs . . . "Manx\u00FAs"@ca . "\u041C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0301\u0440\u044B\u00A0\u2014 \u0442\u0443\u043D\u0433\u0443\u0441\u043E-\u043C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434, \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u041C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0438 (\u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F - \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043E-\u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439). \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u00A0\u2014 10,682 \u043C\u043B\u043D; \u0438\u0437 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 5,39\u00A0\u043C\u043B\u043D \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041B\u044F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043D, 2,12\u00A0\u043C\u043B\u043D\u00A0\u2014 \u0425\u044D\u0431\u044D\u0439, 1,04\u00A0\u043C\u043B\u043D\u00A0\u2014 \u0425\u044D\u0439\u043B\u0443\u043D\u0446\u0437\u044F\u043D, 990 \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447\u00A0\u2014 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0426\u0437\u0438\u043B\u0438\u043D\u044C \u0438 500 \u0442\u044B\u0441\u044F\u0447\u00A0\u2014 \u0432\u043E \u0412\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u041C\u043E\u043D\u0433\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0438. \u0413\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0442 \u043D\u0430 \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0435. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043A\u0438\u00A0\u2014 \u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0437\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044B. \u041D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0441 XVII \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C, \u043B\u0438\u0448\u044C \u043D\u0435\u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0430\u044F \u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0441\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A, \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0430\u044F \u2014 \u043C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u043F\u0438\u0441\u044C\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C."@ru . "nisume efime efin"@en . "Manchu people"@en . . . "Mandsjuene er et tungusisk folk i Mandsjuria i n\u00E5v\u00E6rende nord\u00F8stre Kina. De utgj\u00F8r om lag 10 millioner mennesker (\u00E5r 2000). Det tradisjonelle spr\u00E5ket er mandsjuisk, men det benyttes bare av et f\u00E5tall. Mandsjuene beseiret p\u00E5 1600-tallet Ming-dynastiet, tok makten over Kina og innf\u00F8rte Qing-dynastiet i 1644. Det bestod til revolusjonen i 1911 som styrtet keiserd\u00F8mmmet. Mandsjuene var blant de opprinnelige innbyggerne i Mandsjuria og tilh\u00F8rer den mandsju-tungusiske grenen av den altaiske folke- og spr\u00E5kstammen. Mandsjuspr\u00E5ket var under Qing-dynastiet hoffets og den h\u00F8yre administrasjonens offisielle spr\u00E5k i det keiserlige Kina og m\u00E5tte som s\u00E5dant l\u00E6res av alle embedsmenn. Mandsjuene betraktet det tungusiske jurchenfolket som sine eldste forfedre, som kineserne kaller n\u00FCzhen. Etter kinesiske kilder bodde de i begynnelsen av 900-tallet mellom elvene Amur i nord og Sungari i vest, og var da understilt khitanerne, som antagelig ogs\u00E5 var av tungusisk herkomst. I 1114 gjorde jurchen-folket seg selvstendig og erobret under sin h\u00F8vding Aguda og hans dynasti, \u00ABJin\u00BB (gull), etterhvert hele det store khitanriket (hele \u00F8stre Sentralasia og en del av nordre Kina) samt andre deler av Kina, med selve hovedstaden Nanjing. Men etter Djengis Khan erobret Kina (1215), vendte hans ettertredere mot jurchen-folket. Jin-dynastiet ble styrtet (1234), og jurchenstammene ble trengt nordover til Liaodong, s\u00F8r i det senere Mandsjuria. I begynnelsen av 1600-tallet kom det opp en h\u00F8vding, Nurhaci, mandsjuenes nasjonalhelt, som forente flere andre beslektede stammer under det felles navnet mandsju og gjorde seg (1616) uavhengig av Ming-dynastiet i Kina. Hans etterf\u00F8lgere inntok Beijing (1644) og gjorde sju\u00E5rige Shunzi til keiser. Etter kort tid var hele det kinesiske rike erobret av mandsjuenes dynasti Qing, som bestod til 1911. Tradisjonelt var mandsjuene for det meste et bofast, jordbruks- og h\u00E5ndverksorientert folk. De gikk over til buddhismen. Bare noen f\u00E5 nordlige stammer, soloner, daurer og andre, som imidlertid snarere b\u00F8r kunne ansees som tunguser, holdt fast ved sin gamle sjamanisme og sitt nomadiske levesett. I milit\u00E6rt henseende var mandsjuene inndelt i \u00E5tte banner. Efter revolusjonen i 1911 mistet mandsjuene sin s\u00E6rstilling som privilegert gruppe og ble utsatt for et hardt assimilasjonstrykk. De er regnet med i Folkerepublikken Kina som en offentlig anerkjent nasjonal minoritet."@no . . . "Manchu Ethnic Towns/Townships"@en . . "\u6E80\u5DDE\u6C11\u65CF\uFF08\u6E80\u6D32\u6C11\u65CF\u3001\u30DE\u30F3\u30B8\u30E5\u307F\u3093\u305E\u304F\uFF09\u3001\u6E80\u5DDE\u65CF\uFF08\u6E80\u6D32\u65CF\u3001\u30DE\u30F3\u30B8\u30E5\u3046\u305E\u304F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u6E80\u6D32\uFF08\u4E2D\u56FD\u6771\u5317\u90E8\u3001\u6CBF\u6D77\u5DDE\u306A\u3069\uFF09\u306B\u767A\u7965\u3057\u305F\u30C4\u30F3\u30B0\u30FC\u30B9\u7CFB\u6C11\u65CF\u3002\u53E4\u304F\u306F\u5973\u771F\u65CF\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305F\u300217\u4E16\u7D00\u306B\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u4E2D\u56FD\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30E2\u30F3\u30B4\u30EB\u56FD\u306E\u5168\u571F\u3092\u652F\u914D\u3059\u308B\u6E05\u3092\u8208\u3057\u305F\u3002\u540C\u7CFB\u306E\u30C4\u30F3\u30B0\u30FC\u30B9\u6C11\u65CF\u306B\u30AA\u30ED\u30C1\u30E7\u30F3\u3001\u30A6\u30A3\u30EB\u30BF\u3001\u30CA\u30CA\u30A4\u3001\u30A8\u30F4\u30A7\u30F3\u30AD\u3001\u30B7\u30DC\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u4E2D\u56FD\u306E\u5C11\u6570\u6C11\u65CF\u3067\u306F\u3001\u30C1\u30EF\u30F3\u65CF\u306B\u6B21\u3050\u4EBA\u53E3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u300C\u6E80\u5DDE\u300D\u306E\u6F22\u5B57\u306F\u6E80\u6D32\u8A9E\u306E\u6C11\u65CF\u540DManju\uFF08\u30DE\u30F3\u30B8\u30E5\uFF09\u306E\u5F53\u3066\u5B57\u3067\u3001\u5143\u6765\u306F\u300C\u6E80\u6D32\u300D\u3068\u8868\u8A18\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u65E5\u672C\u3067\u306F\u4E00\u822C\u306B\u5E38\u7528\u6F22\u5B57\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u300C\u6E80\u5DDE\u300D\u3068\u8868\u8A18\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002 \u6E80\u6D32\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u8D77\u3053\u3063\u305F\u5730\u57DF\u306F\u3001\u897F\u6B27\u3067\u306F\u6E80\u6D32\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u571F\u5730\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610F\u5473\u3067\u30DE\u30F3\u30C1\u30E5\u30EA\u30A2\uFF08Manchuria\uFF09\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u3001\u6F22\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u3053\u308C\u306B\u5BFE\u5FDC\u3057\u3066\u6E80\u6D32\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u305F\u3081\u3001\u7279\u306B\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u3059\u5834\u5408\u306F\u3001\u6E80\u6D32\u6C11\u65CF\u30FB\u6E80\u6D32\u65CF\u30FB\u6E80\u6D32\u4EBA\u30FB\u6E80\u4EBA\u306A\u3069\u3068\u8868\u8A18\u3059\u308B\u3002 \u73FE\u4EE3\u306F\u3001\u4E2D\u83EF\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u306E55\u5C11\u6570\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4F4D\u7F6E\u4ED8\u3051\u3092\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u4E2D\u83EF\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u306E\u73FE\u652F\u914D\u5C64\u3092\u69CB\u6210\u3059\u308B\u6F22\u6C11\u65CF\u306F\u8FD1\u4EE3\u4EE5\u524D\u306B\u6E80\u6D32\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u6E05\u738B\u671D\u306B\u652F\u914D\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6B74\u53F2\u7684\u5C48\u8FB1\u3084\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u306E\u652F\u63F4\u3067\u6E80\u6D32\u56FD\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5F62\u3067\u305D\u306E\u60AA\u5922\u304C\u518D\u73FE\u3057\u305F\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6B74\u53F2\u7684\u7D4C\u7DEF\u304B\u3089\u3001\u6E80\u6D32\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u6C11\u65CF\u7684\u899A\u9192\u3092\u8B66\u6212\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u70BA\u306B\u6E80\u6D32\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8A00\u8449\u306B\u306F\u654F\u611F\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u5F7C\u3089\u306F\u6E80\u6D32\u65CF\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u6E80\u65CF\uFF08\u307E\u3093\u305E\u304F, m\u0103n z\u00FA, Manzu\uFF09\u3068\u547C\u3076\u30022000\u5E74\u306E\u4EBA\u53E3\u8ABF\u67FB\u3067\u306F\u6E80\u65CF\u4EBA\u53E3\u306F10,682,263\u4EBA\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002 \u304B\u3064\u3066\u4E2D\u56FD\u3092\u652F\u914D\u3057\u305F\u6E05\u671D\u65D7\u4EBA\u306E\u672B\u88D4\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u4E2D\u56FD\u5168\u571F\u306B\u6563\u5728\u3059\u308B\u3002\u6E80\u65CF\u306E\u904E\u534A\u6570\u306F\u3001\u907C\u5BE7\u7701\u306B\u5C45\u4F4F\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u304C\u3001\u6CB3\u5317\u7701\u3001\u5409\u6797\u7701\u3001\u9ED2\u7ADC\u6C5F\u7701\u3001\u5185\u30E2\u30F3\u30B4\u30EB\u81EA\u6CBB\u533A\u3001\u65B0\u7586\u30A6\u30A4\u30B0\u30EB\u81EA\u6CBB\u533A\u3001\u7518\u7C9B\u7701\u3001\u5C71\u6771\u7701\u306B\u3082\u5206\u5E03\u3057\u3001\u5317\u4EAC\u3001\u5929\u6D25\u3001\u6210\u90FD\u3001\u897F\u5B89\u3001\u5E83\u5DDE\u3001\u9280\u5DDD\u306A\u3069\u306E\u5927\u90FD\u5E02\u3084\u305D\u306E\u4ED6\u4E2D\u5C0F\u90FD\u5E02\u306B\u3082\u5C45\u4F4F\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . "tongki fuka ak\u016B hergen"@en . "Los manch\u00FAes son un grupo \u00E9tnico, originario de Manchuria. Fueron los fundadores de la dinast\u00EDa Qing que gobern\u00F3 China hasta el a\u00F1o 1911. Actualmente, su poblaci\u00F3n es de aproximadamente 10.000.000 de personas que se concentran en las provincias de Liaoning, Jilin y Heilongjiang. Los manch\u00FAes forman una de las 56 minor\u00EDas \u00E9tnicas oficialmente reconocidas por el gobierno de la Rep\u00FAblica Popular China."@es . . "cicigar"@en . "\u6E80\u5DDE\u6C11\u65CF"@ja . "The Manchus are members of an indigenous people of Manchuria and the largest branch of the Tungusic peoples also known as red tasseled Manchus because red tassel is their traditional hat adornment. They are distributed throughout China as the fourth largest ethnic group and the third largest ethnic minority group. Manchus conquered China and established the Qing Dynasty in 1644. The dynasty came to an end in 1912 when the country became a republic. As a result of the conquest in the 17th century, almost all the Manchus followed regent prince Dorgon (\u1869\u1823\u1875\u1864\u1823\u1828) and Shunzhi Emperor to their new capital Beijing and settled down. There were only 1524 Banner soldiers left in Manchuria at the time. After the border conflicts with Russians, Qing's emperors started to realize the strategic importance of Manchuria and gradually sent Manchus back to where they originally came from. However, during the period of Qing, Beijing was always the only focal point of Manchus in political, economic and cultural aspects. Yongzheng Emperor said, \"Garrisons are the places of stationed work, Beijing is their homeland. \" After the fall of Qing Empire, especially the establishments of Manchu autonomous areas by PRC government, Manchuria became significant to Manchus again. Nowadays, Manchu residents can be found in 31 Chinese provincal regions. Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing has over 100,000 Manchu residents. About half of the population live in Liaoning province and about one-fifth in Hebei province. There are a number of Manchu autonomous counties in both provinces."@en . "sure kundulen han"@en . "Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi M\u00E3n hay Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi M\u00E3n Ch\u00E2u l\u00E0 m\u1ED9t d\u00E2n t\u1ED9c thu\u1ED9c nh\u00F3m ng\u01B0\u1EDDi Tungus c\u00F3 ngu\u1ED3n g\u1ED1c t\u1EEB v\u00F9ng M\u00E3n Ch\u00E2u (nay l\u00E0 \u0111\u00F4ng nam Nga v\u00E0 \u0111\u00F4ng b\u1EAFc Trung Qu\u1ED1c)."@vi . "Os Manchu s\u00E3o um grupo \u00E9tnico que teve origem no nordeste da Manch\u00FAria. Eles conquistaram a dinastia Ming no s\u00E9culo 17 e fundaram a dinastia Qing, que governou a China at\u00E9 1911. Hoje, os Manchus foram em grande parte assimilados pelos Chineses Han que os rodeavam e a l\u00EDngua manchu encontra-se quase extinta. Eles formam uma das 56 nacionalidades oficialmente reconhecidas pela Rep\u00FAblica Popular da China."@pt . . "fulgiyan sorson manju"@en . "\u2190\"Manchu\" redirects here. For other uses, see Manchu (disambiguation). Template:Manchus Template:Contains Manchu text The Manchus are members of an indigenous people of Manchuria also known as red tasseled Manchus because of their traditional hat ornaments. Manchus are the largest branch of the Tungusic peoples and are chiefly distributed throughout China, forming the fourth largest ethnic group and the third largest ethnic minority group in that country. They can be found in 31 Chinese provincial regions. It is also the largest minority group in China without an autonomous region. Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing has over 100,000 Manchu residents. About half of the population live in Liaoning province and one-fifth in Hebei province. There are a number of Manchu autonomous counties in China, such as Xinbin, Xiuyan, Qinglong, Fengning, Yitong, Qingyuan, Weichang, Kuancheng, Benxi, Kuandian, Huanren, Fengcheng, Beizhen and over 300 Manchu towns and townships."@en . "10682263"^^ . . . "Os Manchu s\u00E3o um grupo \u00E9tnico que teve origem no nordeste da Manch\u00FAria. Eles conquistaram a dinastia Ming no s\u00E9culo 17 e fundaram a dinastia Qing, que governou a China at\u00E9 1911. Hoje, os Manchus foram em grande parte assimilados pelos Chineses Han que os rodeavam e a l\u00EDngua manchu encontra-se quase extinta. Eles formam uma das 56 nacionalidades oficialmente reconhecidas pela Rep\u00FAblica Popular da China."@pt . "M\u01CEnz\u00FA"@en . "daicing gurunref|The meaning of \"daicing\" is debatable. It has been reported that the word was imported from Mongolian means \"fighting country\"|group=note"@en . "The Manchus are members of an indigenous people of Manchuria also known as red tasseled Manchus because of their traditional hat ornaments. They are the largest branch of the Tungusic peoples and are chiefly distributed throughout China, forming the fourth largest ethnic group and the third largest ethnic minority group in that country. Manchus conquered China and established the Qing Dynasty in 1644. The dynasty came to an end in 1912 when the country became a republic. As a result of the conquest in the 17th century, almost all the Manchus followed regent prince Dorgon (\u1869\u1823\u1875\u1864\u1823\u1828) and Shunzhi Emperor to their new capital Beijing and mainly settled down there. Few of them were sent to other places of mainland China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet as garrisons. There were only 1524 Banner soldiers left in Manchuria at the time. After the border conflicts with Russians, Qing's emperors started to realize the strategic importance of Manchuria and gradually sent Manchus back to where they originally came from. However, during the period of Qing, Beijing was always the only focal point of Manchus in political, economic and cultural aspects. Yongzheng Emperor said, \"Garrisons are the places of stationed works, Beijing is their homeland. \" After the fall of Qing Empire, especially the establishments of Manchu autonomous areas by PRC government, Manchuria became significant to Manchus again. Nowadays, Manchu residents can be found in 31 Chinese provincal regions. Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing has over 100,000 Manchu residents. About half of the population live in Liaoning province and one-fifth in Hebei province. There are a number of Manchu autonomous counties in both provinces."@en . . 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"manju gurun"@en . "Die Mandschu sind ein Volk in der Mandschurei im Nordosten Chinas und nach den Zhuang die zweitgr\u00F6\u00DFte der 55 anerkannten ethnischen Minderheiten Chinas. Von den knapp 11 Millionen Angeh\u00F6rigen der Gruppe sprechen die meisten Chinesisch in dem jeweiligen Dialekt ihrer Wohnorte, also vor allem den Nordostdialekt. Nur noch einige Dutzend alte Menschen beherrschen die mandschurische Sprache, die damit so gut wie ausgestorben ist."@de . . "genggiyen han"@en . . 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"beging"@en . . "Manchu Autonomous Counties"@en . . "The Manchus are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria. For centuries, the Manchu ethnicity has acculturated with the majority Han ethnicity of China. Most Manchu today speak Standard Chinese, while the Manchu language is only spoken by elderly people in remote northeastern China and a few scholars; there are around ten thousand speakers of Xibe, a closely related language spoken in the Ili region of Xinjiang. In recent years, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in Manchu culture among both ethnic Manchus and Han. The number of Chinese today with some Manchu ancestry is quite large\u2014with 10.68 million members (in China), Manchu is the 3rd largest ethnic group in China after the Han and the Zhuang. The adoption of favorable policies towards ethnic minorities (such as preferential university admission, government employment opportunities and exemption from the one child policy) has encouraged some people with mixed Han and Manchu ancestry to re-identify themselves as Manchu. During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels (such as general Wu Sangui), they came to power in China and Manchu clan Aisin Gioro founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which established a republican government in its place."@en . "Els manx\u00FAs s\u00F3n un poble tung\u00FAs originari de Manx\u00FAria (avui dia nord-est de la Xina). \u00C9s una de les 56 nacionalitats reconegudes per la RPX."@ca . "manju"@en . "Los manch\u00FAes son un grupo \u00E9tnico, originario de Manchuria. Fueron los fundadores de la dinast\u00EDa Qing que gobern\u00F3 China hasta el a\u00F1o 1911. Actualmente, su poblaci\u00F3n es de aproximadamente 10.000.000 de personas que se concentran en las provincias de Liaoning, Jilin y Heilongjiang. Los manch\u00FAes forman una de las 56 minor\u00EDas \u00E9tnicas oficialmente reconocidas por el gobierno de la Rep\u00FAblica Popular China."@es . "ju\u0161en"@en . . "The Distribution of Manchu Population in People's Republic of China"@en . . "Manchu"@pt . "De Mantsjoes zijn een Toengoezisch volk die haar oorsprong had in Noordoost-Azi\u00EB, in een gebied dat bekend is geworden als Mantsjoerije. De voorouders van hen stichtte de Jin-dynastie (1115-1234). Bij de opmars van de Mantsjoes, begin 17e eeuw, veroverden zij China dat toen onder het bestuur stond van de Ming-dynastie en stichtten daar het Qing-rijk, dat China bestuurde tot 1912, toen de Chinese Revolutie hen van de troon stootte. Vanaf de Qing-dynastie begon de sinificatie. Ze begonnen met het veranderen van hun achternamen in een Chinese achternaam, een fenomeen dat na de val van de Qing nog versnelde. Tegenwoordig zijn ze de op twee na grootste Chinese minderheid. De Mantsjoes wonen vooral in de Chinese provincie Liaoning. Andere gebieden zijn Hebei, Peking, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Binnen-Mongoli\u00EB, Sinkiang, Gansu, Shandong, Tianjin, Chengdu, Xi'an, Yinchuan en Kanton. Ze spreken meestal een Han-Chinese taal en nauwelijks nog het Mantsjoe. In 2000 telde Volksrepubliek China 10,68 miljoen Mantsjoes."@nl . 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"A mandzsu n\u00E9p a tunguz n\u00E9pcsoporthoz tartozik. Eredetileg Mandzs\u00FAri\u00E1ban \u00E9ltek. A tizenhetedik sz\u00E1zadban megd\u00F6nt\u00F6tt\u00E9k a Ming-dinaszti\u00E1t \u00E9s megalap\u00EDtott\u00E1k a Csing-dinaszti\u00E1t, mely uralkodott K\u00EDna f\u00F6l\u00F6tt eg\u00E9szen a cs\u00E1sz\u00E1rs\u00E1g megd\u00F6nt\u00E9s\u00E9ig 1912-ben. A mandzsuk nagyj\u00E1b\u00F3l asszimil\u00E1l\u00F3dtak a t\u00F6bbs\u00E9gi han n\u00E9pbe. A mandzsu nyelv majdnem kihalt, \u00E9s mostan\u00E1ban csak izol\u00E1lt rur\u00E1lis helyeken besz\u00E9lik \u00C9szakkelet-K\u00EDn\u00E1ban. Kb. m\u00E9g t\u00EDzezren besz\u00E9lik a Sibe (Xibo) dialektust a Xinjiang tartom\u00E1ny Ili r\u00E9gi\u00F3j\u00E1ban."@hu . "\u041C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u044B"@ru . "Mandchous"@fr . "Mand\u017Euov\u00E9"@cs . . "\u21B3 Macau"@en . "\u041C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0438"@uk . "Mand\u017Curowie \u2013 nar\u00F3d wywodz\u0105cy si\u0119 z plemion tungusko-mand\u017Curskich a\u0142tajskiej rodziny j\u0119zykowej, zamieszkuj\u0105cych od zamierzch\u0142ych czas\u00F3w p\u00F3\u0142nocno-wschodni\u0105 Mand\u017Curi\u0119. Lud ten od XVII wieku do 1911 roku w\u0142ada\u0142 Chinami. W tym czasie niemal zupe\u0142nie zasymilowa\u0142 si\u0119 z Chi\u0144czykami, trac\u0105c tym samym sw\u0105 kulturow\u0105 odr\u0119bno\u015B\u0107. Obecnie stanowi\u0105 mniejszo\u015B\u0107 na terenie Mand\u017Curii oraz D\u017Cungarii, \u017Cyj\u0105c w rozproszeniu w\u015Br\u00F3d ludno\u015Bci chi\u0144skiej."@pl . "Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi M\u00E3n"@vi . "\uB9CC\uC8FC\uC871\uC740 \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC5D0\uC11C \uBC1C\uC0C1\uD55C \uD241\uAD6C\uC2A4\uACC4 \uBBFC\uC871\uC774\uB2E4. \uC5EC\uC9C4\uC871\uC758 \uD6C4\uC2E0\uC73C\uB85C, \uC5EC\uC9C4\uC871\uC774 \uC138\uC6B4 \uAE08\uB098\uB77C\uB97C \uB2E4\uC2DC \uC138\uC6B4\uB2E4\uB294 \uB73B\uC73C\uB85C \uD6C4\uAE08\uC744 \uAC74\uAD6D\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uBCF8\uB798 \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC758 \uD55C\uC790\uB294 \u2018\u6EFF\u73E0\u2019\uC774\uB098, \uD55C\uC790\uAC00 \uC798\uBABB \uC804\uD574\uC838\uC11C \u2018\u6EFF\u6D32\u2019\uB77C\uB294 \uD55C\uC790\uB85C \uBD88\uB838\uC73C\uBA70, \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC5B4\uC758 \uBBFC\uC871\uBA85 Manju\uC758 \uCC28\uC74C\uC774\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D \uB0B4 55\uAC1C \uC18C\uC218\uBBFC\uC871\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uB2E4. \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC871\uC740 \uB300\uB300\uB85C \uB3D9\uBD81\uC9C0\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uC0B4\uC558\uC73C\uB098 \uC5EC\uB7EC \uAC00\uC9C0 \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC778 \uC6D0\uC778\uC73C\uB85C \uC9C0\uAE08\uC740 \uAC70\uC758 \uC804\uAD6D \uAC01\uC9C0\uC5D0 \uBD84\uD3EC\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. 2000\uB144, \uC911\uAD6D\uC5D0 1,068\uB9CC \uBA85\uC774 \uC0B4\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC870\uC0AC\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uC694 \uBD84\uD3EC \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC740 \uB3D9\uBD81 3\uC131\uC73C\uB85C 7,185,461\uBA85\uC774 \uAC70\uC8FC\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uADF8\uC911 \uB7B4\uC624\uB2DD \uC131\uC774 4,952,859\uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uB9CE\uB2E4. \uACFC\uAC70\uC5D0\uB294 \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC5B4\uB97C \uC77C\uC0C1\uC5B4\uB85C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD558\uACE0 \uC788\uC5C8\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uCCAD\uB098\uB77C \uC2DC\uB300\uC5D0 \uC9C4\uD589\uB41C \uBBFC\uC871 \uBB38\uD654\uC758 \uD55C\uC871\uD654(\u6F22\u65CF\u5316)\uB85C \uC778\uD574 \uD604\uC7AC\uB294 \uB9CC\uC8FC\uC5B4\uC758 \uC0AC\uC6A9 \uC778\uAD6C\uB294 \uADF9\uC18C\uC218\uB85C, \uAC70\uC758 \uBAA8\uB450 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB97C \uC0AC\uC6A9\uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . "Manch\u00FA"@es . "Mandsjuene er et tungusisk folk i Mandsjuria i n\u00E5v\u00E6rende nord\u00F8stre Kina. De utgj\u00F8r om lag 10 millioner mennesker (\u00E5r 2000). Det tradisjonelle spr\u00E5ket er mandsjuisk, men det benyttes bare av et f\u00E5tall. Mandsjuene beseiret p\u00E5 1600-tallet Ming-dynastiet, tok makten over Kina og innf\u00F8rte Qing-dynastiet i 1644. Det bestod til revolusjonen i 1911 som styrtet keiserd\u00F8mmmet."@no . . . "\u6EE1\u65CF\uFF08\u6EE1\u8BED\uFF1A15px\uFF0C\u8F6C\u5199\uFF1Amanju\uFF09\uFF0C\u5168\u7A31\u6EFF\u6D32\u65CF\uFF0C\u53E6\u6709\u201C\u6EFF\u6D32\u4EBA\u201D\u3001\u201C\u6EFF\u4EBA\u201D\u3001\u201C\u65D7\u4EBA\u201D\u3001\u201C\u65D7\u65CF\u201D\u3001\u201C\u6EFF\u73E0\u201D\u3001\u201C\u66FC\u73E0\u201D\u3001\u201C\u5999\u5409\u7965\u201D\u7B49\u7A31\u3002\u662F\u4E2D\u56FD\u7684\u5C11\u6570\u6C11\u65CF\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F\u901A\u53E4\u65AF\u6C11\u65CF\u4E2D\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u652F\u7CFB\u3002\u6EE1\u65CF\u6709\u4EBA\u53E310,708,464\u4EBA\uFF0C\u5360\u4E2D\u56FD\u5C11\u6570\u6C11\u65CF\u4EBA\u53E3\u768410.2%\uFF0C\u662F\u4EC5\u6B21\u4E8E\u58EE\u65CF\u7684\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5927\u5C11\u6570\u65CF\u7FA4\u3002 \u6EE1\u65CF\u53CA\u5176\u524D\u8EAB\u6C11\u65CF\u672C\u4E16\u5C45\u4E8E\u5F53\u4ECA\u4E2D\u56FD\u4E1C\u5317\u53CA\u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u8FDC\u4E1C\u5916\u5174\u5B89\u5CAD\u5730\u533A\u3002\u5341\u4E03\u4E16\u7EAA\u4E2D\u671F\uFF0C\u7531\u6EFF\u65CF\u7D71\u6CBB\u8005\u5EFA\u7ACB\u7684\u6E05\u671D\u5165\u4E3B\u4E2D\u539F\uFF0C\u7EDD\u5927\u591A\u6570\u516B\u65D7\u5C06\u58EB\u4EA6\u201C\u4ECE\u9F99\u5165\u5173\u201D\uFF0C\u5B9A\u5C45\u5317\u4EAC\uFF0C\u53C8\u62E8\u51FA\u4E00\u5C11\u90E8\u5206\u5728\u5173\u5185\u5404\u5904\u8981\u5730\u9A7B\u9632\u3002\u5F53\u65F6\u7559\u5B88\u4E1C\u5317\u7684\u516B\u65D7\u5175\u4E00\u5EA6\u53EA\u67091524\u4EBA\uFF0C\u53CD\u800C\u6240\u5269\u65E0\u51E0\u3002\u540E\u6765\uFF0C\u5C24\u5176\u662F\u4E0E\u6C99\u7687\u4FC4\u56FD\u53D1\u751F\u8FB9\u754C\u51B2\u7A81\u4E4B\u540E\uFF0C\u4F7F\u5F97\u7EDF\u6CBB\u8005\u91CD\u65B0\u91CD\u89C6\u4E1C\u4E09\u7701\u7684\u9632\u52A1\u3002\u4ED6\u4EEC\u5F00\u59CB\u6709\u8BA1\u5212\u7684\u4F7F\u65D7\u4EBA\u5411\u4E1C\u7701\u6545\u571F\u56DE\u6D41\uFF0C\u4F46\u5317\u4EAC\u59CB\u7EC8\u662F\u6E05\u4EE3\u6EE1\u65CF\u653F\u6CBB\u3001\u7ECF\u6D4E\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u201C\u5927\u672C\u8425\u201D\u3002\u96CD\u6B63\u5E1D\u66FE\u8A00\uFF0C\u201C\u9A7B\u9632\u4E4B\u5730\u4E0D\u8FC7\u51FA\u5DEE\u4E4B\u6240\uFF0C\u4EAC\u5E08\u4E43\u5176\u4E61\u571F\u3002\u201D\u6545\u7EC8\u6E05\u4E4B\u4E16\uFF0C\u4EAC\u65D7\u6587\u5316\u662F\u6E05\u4EE3\u6EFF\u65CF\u6587\u5316\u4E2D\u7684\u4E3B\u6D41\u3002\u76F4\u81F3\u6E05\u5BA4\u900A\u4F4D\u540E\u7684\u6C11\u56FD\u521D\u671F\uFF0C\u7531\u4E8E\u5173\u5185\u653F\u5C40\u4E0D\u7A33\uFF0C\u5BF9\u5305\u62EC\u4EAC\u65D7\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5173\u5185\u5404\u5730\u6EE1\u65CF\u4EBA\u58EB\u9020\u6210\u5F88\u5927\u7684\u51B2\u51FB\uFF0C\u4EBA\u53E3\u6570\u91CF\u5267\u51CF\uFF1B\u800C\u653F\u5C40\u76F8\u5BF9\u7A33\u5B9A\u3001\u53C8\u662F\u6EE1\u65CF\u6545\u4E61\u7684\u4E1C\u5317\u5730\u533A\u6B64\u540E\u91CD\u65B0\u6210\u4E3A\u6EE1\u65CF\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7126\u70B9\u3002 \u5F53\u4EE3\u6EE1\u65CF\u4EE5\u6563\u5C45\u4E3A\u4E3B\uFF0C\u4E3B\u8981\u5206\u5E03\u5728\u4E2D\u56FD\u5927\u9646\u5730\u533A\u3002\u5176\u4E2D\u5C45\u4E8E\u8FBD\u5B81\u8005\u4E3A\u6700\u591A\uFF0C\u53E6\u5916\u5728\u6CB3\u5317\u3001\u9ED1\u9F8D\u6C5F\u3001\u5409\u6797\u3001\u5167\u8499\u3001\u5317\u4EAC\u7B4931\u500B\u7701\u5340\u5E02\u5747\u6709\u5206\u5E03\u3002\u9664\u4E86\u6563\u5C45\u4E4B\u5916\uFF0C\u6EE1\u65CF\u4E5F\u6709\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u805A\u5C45\u533A\uFF0C\u5982\u5CAB\u5CA9\u3001\u6E05\u539F\u3001\u65B0\u5BBE\u3001\u672C\u6EAA\u3001\u6853\u4EC1\u3001\u5BBD\u7538\u3001\u4F0A\u901A\u3001\u9752\u9F99\u3001\u4E30\u5B81\u3001\u5BBD\u57CE\u6EE1\u65CF\u81EA\u6CBB\u53BF\u3001\u56F4\u573A\u6EE1\u65CF\u8499\u53E4\u65CF\u81EA\u6CBB\u53BF\u53CA\u6EE6\u5E73\u3001\u9686\u5316\u7B49\u6C11\u65CF\u53BF\u548C\u6570\u5341\u4E2A\u6EE1\u65CF\u81EA\u6CBB\u4E61\u9547\u3002\u4E0D\u540C\u5730\u533A\u7684\u6EE1\u65CF\u4EBA\u5728\u98CE\u4FD7\u4E0A\u5B58\u5728\u7740\u4E00\u5B9A\u5DEE\u5F02\u3002"@zh . . "Mand\u017Curowie \u2013 nar\u00F3d wywodz\u0105cy si\u0119 z plemion tungusko-mand\u017Curskich a\u0142tajskiej rodziny j\u0119zykowej, zamieszkuj\u0105cych od zamierzch\u0142ych czas\u00F3w p\u00F3\u0142nocno-wschodni\u0105 Mand\u017Curi\u0119. Lud ten od XVII wieku do 1911 roku w\u0142ada\u0142 Chinami. W tym czasie niemal zupe\u0142nie zasymilowa\u0142 si\u0119 z Chi\u0144czykami, trac\u0105c tym samym sw\u0105 kulturow\u0105 odr\u0119bno\u015B\u0107. Obecnie stanowi\u0105 mniejszo\u015B\u0107 na terenie Mand\u017Curii oraz D\u017Cungarii, \u017Cyj\u0105c w rozproszeniu w\u015Br\u00F3d ludno\u015Bci chi\u0144skiej."@pl . "ilan boo"@en . "Les Mandchous sont un peuple d'Asie vivant principalement en Mandchourie. Les Jurchens prirent le nom de Mandchous quand ils envahirent la Chine au XVII\u00A0si\u00E8cle."@fr . "Mantsjoes"@nl . "ni\u0161an saman i bithe"@en . "mainly Atheists or Agnostics nowadays"@en . "Manci\u00F9 \u00E8 il nome con il quale viene riconosciuta dopo il XVII secolo l'antica etnia Jurchi. Gli Jurchi affondano le proprie radici nel II millennio a.C. ed oltre. Attualmente questo gruppo fa parte dei 56 gruppi etnici riconosciuti ufficialmente dalla Repubblica popolare cinese. Sono originari della Manciuria, regione situata a. Nel XVII secolo, i manci\u00F9 sconfissero la dinastia Ming e fondarono la dinastia Qing."@it . "niyamniyan"@en . "Die Mandschu sind ein Volk in der Mandschurei im Nordosten Chinas und nach den Zhuang die zweitgr\u00F6\u00DFte der 55 anerkannten ethnischen Minderheiten Chinas. Von den knapp 11 Millionen Angeh\u00F6rigen der Gruppe sprechen die meisten Chinesisch in dem jeweiligen Dialekt ihrer Wohnorte, also vor allem den Nordostdialekt. Nur noch einige Dutzend alte Menschen beherrschen die mandschurische Sprache, die damit so gut wie ausgestorben ist. Das verwandte Xibenisch, das im autonomen Kreis Qapqal der Xibe in Xinjiang noch gesprochen wird, ist jedoch in Wirklichkeit ein Dialekt des Mandschurischen."@de . "Man3-tsu2"@en . "\u6EE1\u65CF"@en . "buku"@en . "\u041C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0438\u00A0\u2014 \u0442\u0443\u043D\u0433\u0443\u0441\u043E-\u043C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434, \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E-\u0441\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E\u00A0\u2014 \u041C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0456\u0457. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C 10.862\u00A0\u043C\u043B\u043D. , \u0437 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 5,39\u00A0\u043C\u043B\u043D \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041B\u044F\u043E\u043D\u0456\u043D; 2,12\u00A0\u043C\u043B\u043D\u00A0\u2014 \u0425\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0439; 1,04\u00A0\u043C\u043B\u043D\u00A0\u2014 \u0425\u0435\u0439\u043B\u0443\u043D\u0446\u0437\u044F\u043D; 990 \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0447\u00A0\u2014 \u0426\u0437\u0456\u043B\u0456\u043D\u044C \u0442\u0430 500 \u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F\u0447\u00A0\u2014 \u0443 \u0412\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u041C\u043E\u043D\u0433\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0457. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u043C\u043E\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E, \u0449\u043E \u043C\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u043C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u043C\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u0456\u0437 \u0432\u0436\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443. \u0407\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043A\u0438\u00A0\u2014 \u043D\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0413\u043B\u0430\u0437\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438. \u0423 12 \u0441\u0442. , \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0433\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u043A\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043D\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u043C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u041F\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E-\u0421\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044E \u0426\u0437\u0438\u043D\u044C (\u0417\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0430). \u0406\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F \u0426\u0437\u0438\u043D\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448 \u044F\u043A 100 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0437\u043D\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0433\u043E\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438. 1644 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u043C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043E\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u044E \u0426\u0456\u043D, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u0430 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0454\u043C \u0434\u043E 1912 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443."@uk . "Mand\u017Curowie"@pl . "Template:Manchus Template:Contains Manchu text The Manchus are members of an indigenous people of Manchuria also known as red tasseled Manchus because of their traditional hat ornaments. Manchus are the largest branch of the Tungusic peoples and are chiefly distributed throughout China, forming the fourth largest ethnic group and the third largest ethnic minority group in that country. They can be found in 31 Chinese provincial regions. It is also the largest minority group in China without an autonomous region. Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing has over 100,000 Manchu residents. About half of the population live in Liaoning province and one-fifth in Hebei province. There are a number of Manchu autonomous counties in China, such as Xinbin, Xiuyan, Qinglong, Fengning, Yitong, Qingyuan, Weichang, Kuancheng, Benxi, Kuandian, Huanren, Fengcheng, Beizhen and over 300 Manchu towns and townships."@en . "Mandschu"@de . "The Manchus are members of an indigenous people of Manchuria also known as red tasseled Manchus because of their traditional hat adornments. They are the largest branch of the Tungusic peoples who mainly distribute throughout China as the fourth largest ethnic group and the third largest ethnic minority group. Manchus conquered China and established the Qing Dynasty in 1644. The dynasty came to an end in 1912 when the country became a republic. As a result of the conquest in the 17th century, almost all the Manchus followed regent prince Dorgon (\u1869\u1823\u1875\u1864\u1823\u1828) and Shunzhi Emperor to their new capital Beijing and mainly settled down there. Few of them were sent to other places of mainland China, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet as garrisons. There were only 1524 Banner soldiers left in Manchuria at the time. After the border conflicts with Russians, Qing's emperors started to realize the strategic importance of Manchuria and gradually sent Manchus back to where they originally came from. However, during the period of Qing, Beijing was always the only focal point of Manchus in political, economic and cultural aspects. Yongzheng Emperor said, \"Garrisons are the places of stationed works, Beijing is their homeland. \" After the fall of Qing Empire, especially the establishments of Manchu autonomous areas by PRC government, Manchuria became significant to Manchus again. Nowadays, Manchu residents can be found in 31 Chinese provincal regions. Among them, Liaoning has the largest population and Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Beijing has over 100,000 Manchu residents. About half of the population live in Liaoning province and one-fifth in Hebei province. There are a number of Manchu autonomous counties in both provinces."@en . "Mandsjuer"@no . "\u6EFF\u65CF"@en . . . "Manchuer"@sv . "Manci\u00F9 \u00E8 il nome con il quale viene riconosciuta dopo il XVII secolo l'antica etnia Jurchi. Gli Jurchi affondano le proprie radici nel II millennio a.C. ed oltre. Attualmente questo gruppo fa parte dei 56 gruppi etnici riconosciuti ufficialmente dalla Repubblica popolare cinese. Sono originari della Manciuria, regione situata a. Nel XVII secolo, i manci\u00F9 sconfissero la dinastia Ming e fondarono la dinastia Qing. L'impero Qing fu presente in Cina fino al 1912, quando venne instaurata la Repubblica di Cina dopo la rivoluzione Xinhai. I manci\u00F9 vennero in seguito e in larga parte assimilati agli han, un processo che ha cambiato molte caratteristiche di entrambe le etnie. Il mancese \u00E8 una lingua pressoch\u00E9 estinta, essendo parlata solo da piccoli gruppi di persone delle aree rurali nel nord-est della Cina. Negli ultimi anni, comunque, c'\u00E8 stato un ritorno di interesse verso la cultura manci\u00F9. I cinesi con antenati manci\u00F9 oggi sono infatti moltissimi, anche se molti di loro identificano loro stessi come han. L'adozione di politiche favorevoli alle minoranze etniche (come ammissioni preferenziali all'universit\u00E0 o opportunit\u00E0 di lavoro speciali) ha anche incoraggiato molti manci\u00F9 a ritrovare la propria origine e identificarsi nel popolo originario della Manciuria."@it . "\u0161ongkoro"@en . . "\u2190\"Manchu\" redirects here. For other uses, see Manchu (disambiguation). Template:Manchus Template:Contains Manchu text The Manchus are members of an indigenous people of Manchuria also known as red tasseled Manchus because of their traditional hat ornaments. Manchus are the largest branch of the Tungusic peoples and are chiefly distributed throughout China, forming the fourth largest ethnic group and the third largest ethnic minority group in that country."@en . . "N/A"@en . . . . . "amaga aisin gurun"@en . . "Mant\u0161ut ovat kansa, jonka perinteinen kotialue on Mant\u0161uria, joka sijaitsee nykyisin Kiinassa. Mant\u0161ujen oma kieli, mant\u0161un kieli, on uhanalainen kieli, sill\u00E4 nykyiset mant\u0161ut puhuvat p\u00E4\u00E4osin \u00E4idinkielen\u00E4\u00E4n kiinaa. Mant\u0161uja on noin 10 miljoonaa. Mant\u0161ut ovat yksi Kiinan kansantasavallan 55 virallisesti rekister\u00F6idyst\u00E4 v\u00E4hemmist\u00F6kansallisuudesta, mik\u00E4 takaa heille tiettyj\u00E4 etuuksia, esimerkiksi yhden lapsen politiikka ei koske v\u00E4hemmist\u00F6kansallisuuksia."@fi . . "Manci\u00F9"@it . . "10700000"^^ . "Manchuer (\u00E4ldre \u00E4ven mandsjuer) \u00E4r ett tungusiskt folk i Manchuriet i nuvarande nord\u00F6stra Kina. De uppg\u00E5r till omkring 10 miljoner. Det traditionella spr\u00E5ket \u00E4r manchuiska, men det talas endast av ett f\u00E5tal. Manchuerna besegrade p\u00E5 1600-talet Mingdynastin, tog makten \u00F6ver Kina och skapade Qingdynastin \u00E5r 1644, som varade till revolutionen 1911 som st\u00F6rtade kejsard\u00F6met."@sv . "Els manx\u00FAs s\u00F3n un poble tung\u00FAs originari de Manx\u00FAria (avui dia nord-est de la Xina). \u00C9s una de les 56 nacionalitats reconegudes per la RPX."@ca . . "\u6EE1\u65CF"@zh . . "hai\u0161enwei"@en . . . "Template:Manchus Template:Contains Manchu text The Manchus are members of an indigenous people of Manchuria also known as red tasseled Manchus because of their traditional hat ornaments. Manchus are the largest branch of the Tungusic peoples and are chiefly distributed throughout China, forming the fourth largest ethnic group and the third largest ethnic minority group in that country. They can be found in 31 Chinese provincial regions."@en . . . "Les Mandchous sont un peuple d'Asie vivant principalement en Mandchourie. Les Jurchens prirent le nom de Mandchous quand ils envahirent la Chine au XVII\u00A0si\u00E8cle."@fr . . "Mandzsuk"@hu .