@prefix dbpprop: .
@prefix dbpedia: .
dbpedia:Fluxbuntu dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:GNewSense dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
@prefix dbpedia-owl: .
dbpedia:Linus_Torvalds dbpedia-owl:knownFor dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
@prefix ns3: .
dbpedia:Linus_Torvalds ns3:knownFor dbpedia:Linux_kernel ;
dbpprop:knownFor dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Skolelinux dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Damn_Small_Linux dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Con_Kolivas dbpedia-owl:knownFor dbpedia:Linux_kernel ;
ns3:knownFor dbpedia:Linux_kernel ;
dbpprop:knownFor dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
@prefix ns4: .
ns4:bolic dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:GoboLinux dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine dbpprop:operatingSystem dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:OpenZaurus dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Turbolinux dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
@prefix ns5: .
ns5:X dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Impi_Linux dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Easy_Peasy dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Jolicloud dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Kuki_Linux dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Linux4One dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Mundus_OS dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:SmoothWall dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Ubuntu_Buddhist_Remix dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Elive dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Linux dbpprop:doubleImageProperty dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
@prefix ns6: .
ns6:Linux dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Btrfs dbpprop:introductionOs dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Familiar_Linux dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:OCFS dbpprop:introductionOs dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Rusty_Russell dbpedia-owl:knownFor dbpedia:Linux_kernel ;
ns3:knownFor dbpedia:Linux_kernel ;
dbpprop:knownFor dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Udev dbpprop:operatingSystem dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Bharat_Operating_System_Solutions dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Calculate_Linux dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:CrunchBang_Linux dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:JFFS2 dbpprop:introductionOs dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Sacix dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:Spri dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
dbpedia:CentOS dbpprop:kernelType dbpedia:Linux_kernel .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix ns8: .
dbpedia:Linux_kernel rdf:type ns8:ComputingTimelines .
@prefix opencyc: .
dbpedia:Linux_kernel rdf:type opencyc:Mx4rYhbZtzqzEdac-wACs0uFOQ .
@prefix owl: .
dbpedia:Linux_kernel rdf:type owl:Thing ,
dbpedia-owl:Software ,
opencyc:Mx4rv51PzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ,
dbpedia-owl:Work ,
opencyc:Mx4rvi9EhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ,
ns8:Software106566077 .
@prefix foaf: .
dbpedia:Linux_kernel foaf:homepage ;
dbpprop:name "Linux"@en ;
dbpedia-owl:genre .
@prefix ns12: .
dbpedia:Linux_kernel owl:sameAs ns12:Linux_kernel ,
,
opencyc:Mx4rviFn3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA ;
foaf:name "Linux" .
@prefix ns13: .
dbpedia:Linux_kernel foaf:page ns13:Linux_kernel .
@prefix xsd: .
@prefix ns15: .
dbpedia:Linux_kernel ns15:releaseDate "1991-01-01T00:00:00-05:00"^^xsd:gYear ;
dbpedia-owl:author dbpedia:Linus_Torvalds ;
dbpedia-owl:license dbpedia:GNU_General_Public_License .
@prefix ns16: .
dbpedia:Linux_kernel ns16:license dbpedia:GNU_General_Public_License ;
dbpprop:reference ,
,
,
,
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@prefix rdfs: .
dbpedia:Linux_kernel rdfs:label "Noyau Linux"@fr ,
"Linux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB"@ja ,
"Nucleul Linux"@ro ,
"Linux\u5185\u6838"@zh ,
"Linux (j\u0105dro)"@pl ,
"Linuxov\u00E9 j\u00E1dro"@cs ,
"Linux \u00E7ekirde\u011Fi"@tr ,
"Kernel Linux"@it ,
"Linux (k\u00E4rna)"@sv ,
"\u042F\u0434\u0440\u043E \u041B\u0456\u043D\u0443\u043A\u0441"@uk ,
"Linux"@ca ,
"Linuxkernel"@nl ,
"Linux kernel"@en ,
"Linux (n\u00FAcleo)"@es ,
"Linux (ydin)"@fi ,
"Linux (kernel)"@pt ,
"Linux-rendszermag"@hu ,
"Linux (\u044F\u0434\u0440\u043E)"@ru ,
"Linux-kjernen"@no ,
"Linux (Kernel)"@de ;
dbpedia-owl:thumbnail ;
dbpedia-owl:developer ,
dbpedia:Linus_Torvalds ;
ns15:genre ;
ns15:author dbpedia:Linus_Torvalds ;
dbpprop:abstract "Linux es un n\u00FAcleo de sistema operativo libre tipo Unix. Es utilizado por la familia de sistemas operativos GNU/Linux. Lanzado bajo la licencia p\u00FAblica general de GNU y desarrollado gracias a contribuciones provenientes de todo el mundo, Linux es uno de los ejemplos m\u00E1s notables de software libre. Linux fue creado por Linus Torvalds en 1991. Muy pronto, la comunidad de Minix (un clon de Unix) contribuy\u00F3 en el c\u00F3digo y en ideas para el n\u00FAcleo Linux. Por aquel entonces, el Proyecto GNU ya hab\u00EDa creado muchos de los componentes necesarios para obtener un sistema operativo libre, pero su propio n\u00FAcleo era incompleto y por lo tanto no pod\u00EDan conseguir un sistema libre totalmente funcional. Es por esto que a pesar de las funcionalidades limitadas de la primera versi\u00F3n, r\u00E1pidamente Linux fue acumulando desarrolladores y usuarios que adoptaron el c\u00F3digo de estos proyectos para usar con el nuevo sistema operativo. Hoy en d\u00EDa el n\u00FAcleo Linux ha recibido contribuciones de miles de programadores."@es ,
"Il kernel Linux \u00E8 un software libero distribuito con licenza GNU General Public License; \u00E8 stato creato nel 1991 da Linus Torvalds. Integrato con il Sistema GNU, sviluppato da Richard Stallman, ha dato vita al sistema operativo GNU/Linux (chiamato comunemente con il solo nome Linux). Il kernel \u00E8 il \"cuore\" di un sistema operativo (nucleo) e fornisce tutte le funzioni essenziali per il sistema, in particolare la gestione della memoria, delle risorse del sistema e delle periferiche, assegnandole di volta in volta ai processi in esecuzione. La controparte del kernel \u00E8 la shell, ovvero l'interfaccia utente del sistema, la parte pi\u00F9 esterna. I programmi chiedono le risorse al kernel attraverso delle chiamate e non possono accedere direttamente all'hardware. Il kernel si occupa quindi di gestire il tempo processore, le comunicazioni e la memoria distribuendole ai processi in corso a seconda delle priorit\u00E0. L'architettura scelta da Torvalds per il kernel (ovvero una struttura monolitica, considerata da alcuni obsoleta a differenza della pi\u00F9 moderna architettura a microkernel) fu causa di un dibattito molto acceso con Andrew S. Tanenbaum nel 1992 sul newsgroup comp. os. minix. Sebbene oggi il kernel possa essere compilato in modo da avere un'immagine binaria ridotta al minimo e i driver caricabili da moduli esterni, l'architettura originaria \u00E8 chiaramente visibile: tutti i driver infatti devono avere una parte eseguita in kernel mode, anche quelli per cui ci\u00F2 non sarebbe affatto necessario (ad esempio i driver dei file system). Come ogni progetto che sia software libero, anche il kernel Linux \u00E8 in continua evoluzione e le nuove release sono reperibili sul sito http://www. kernel. org . La dimensione del kernel Linux cresce in maniera esponenziale, aggiungendo nuovi moduli, nuovo hardware supportato e cos\u00EC via. Linux \u00E8 un kernel che supporta il multitasking ed \u00E8 multi utente. Ci\u00F2 permette che diversi utenti (con privilegi differenziati) possano eseguire sullo stesso sistema diversi processi software in simultanea. Attualmente linux supporta gran parte dell'hardware disponibile per PC e supporta un numero enorme di architetture. Dato che il codice sorgente di Linux \u00E8 disponibile a tutti, \u00E8 ampiamente personalizzabile, al punto da rendere possibile, in fase di compilazione, l'esclusione di codice non strettamente indispensabile. La flessibilit\u00E0 di questo kernel lo rende adatto a tutte quelle tecnologie embedded emergenti e anche nei centri di calcolo distribuito fino ad essere incorporato in alcuni videoregistratori digitali e nei telefoni cellulari."@it ,
"J\u0105dro Linux \u2013 najwa\u017Cniejsza, wolna cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 uniksopodobnego systemu operacyjnego GNU/Linux napisana przez Linusa Torvaldsa w 1991 roku, a obecnie rozwijana przez licznych programist\u00F3w z ca\u0142ego \u015Bwiata. Pocz\u0105tkowo dzia\u0142a\u0142o na platformie Intel 80386, lecz p\u00F3\u017Aniej zosta\u0142o przeniesione na wiele innych platform. Najwi\u0119ksza cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 kodu napisana jest w j\u0119zyku C, z pewnymi rozszerzeniami GCC a pozosta\u0142a cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 to wstawki w asemblerze. Kod j\u0105dra Linuksa jest obj\u0119ty licencj\u0105 GNU General Public License, jest zatem oprogramowaniem FLOSS."@pl ,
"Linux\u662F\u6700\u53D7\u6B22\u8FCE\u7684\u81EA\u7531\u7535\u8111\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u5185\u6838\u3002\u5B83\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u7528C\u8BED\u8A00\u5199\u6210\uFF0C\u7B26\u5408POSIX\u6807\u51C6\u7684\u7C7BUnix\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u3002Linux\u6700\u65E9\u662F\u7531\u82AC\u5170\u9ED1\u5BA2\u6797\u7D0D\u65AF\u00B7\u6258\u74E6\u8332\u4E3A\u5C1D\u8BD5\u5728\u82F1\u7279\u5C14x86\u67B6\u6784\u4E0A\u63D0\u4F9B\u81EA\u7531\u514D\u8D39\u7684\u7C7BUnix\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u800C\u5F00\u53D1\u7684\u3002\u8BE5\u8BA1\u5212\u5F00\u59CB\u4E8E1991\u5E74\uFF0C\u8FD9\u91CC\u6709\u4E00\u4EFD\u6797\u7D0D\u65AF\u00B7\u6258\u74E6\u8332\u5F53\u65F6\u5728Usenet\u65B0\u95FB\u7EC4comp. os. minix\u6240\u767B\u8F7D\u7684\u5E16\u5B50\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4EFD\u8457\u540D\u7684\u5E16\u5B50\u6807\u5FD7\u7740Linux\u8BA1\u5212\u7684\u6B63\u5F0F\u5F00\u59CB\u3002 \u5728\u8BA1\u5212\u7684\u65E9\u671F\u6709\u4E00\u4E9BMinix \u9ED1\u5BA2\u63D0\u4F9B\u4E86\u534F\u52A9\uFF0C\u800C\u4ECA\u5929\u5168\u7403\u65E0\u6570\u7A0B\u5E8F\u5458\u6B63\u5728\u4E3A\u8BE5\u8BA1\u5212\u65E0\u507F\u63D0\u4F9B\u5E2E\u52A9\u3002 \u6280\u672F\u4E0A\u8BF4Linux\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u5185\u6838\u3002\u201C\u5185\u6838\u201D\u6307\u7684\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u63D0\u4F9B\u786C\u4EF6\u62BD\u8C61\u5C42\u3001\u78C1\u76D8\u53CA\u6587\u4EF6\u7CFB\u7EDF\u63A7\u5236\u3001\u591A\u4EFB\u52A1\u7B49\u529F\u80FD\u7684\u7CFB\u7EDF\u8F6F\u4EF6\u3002\u4E00\u4E2A\u5185\u6838\u4E0D\u662F\u4E00\u5957\u5B8C\u6574\u7684\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u3002\u4E00\u5957\u57FA\u4E8ELinux\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5B8C\u6574\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u53EB\u4F5CLinux\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\uFF0C\u6216\u662FGNU/Linux\u3002"@zh ,
"\u042F\u0434\u0440\u043E \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0443\u043A\u0441 \u2014 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u043E UNIX-\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0441\u044E\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u043B\u0456\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0437\u0456\u0454\u044E GNU General Public License (GPL), \u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0438 \u0437 \u0443\u0441\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0439\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0456\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u0420\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0443\u043A\u0441 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0432 \u041B\u0456\u043D\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0441 \u0443 1991 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456. \u0422\u0438\u043C \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043C, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442 GNU \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0435 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u043E, GNU Hurd \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u043D\u0435\u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0456 \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043A\u0456\u043D\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443 GNU \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0449\u043E \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u043B\u0438 \u0439\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043F\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0456 \u0446\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u044F\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0456 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0443\u043A\u0441."@uk ,
"A Linux-rendszermag vagy Linux-kernel egy ny\u00EDlt Unix-szer\u0171 oper\u00E1ci\u00F3s rendszermag, amelyet Linus Torvalds finn sz\u00E1m\u00EDt\u00E1stechnikus alkotott meg 1991-ben, az\u00F3ta pedig Linus vezet\u00E9s\u00E9vel sz\u00E1mtalan fejleszt\u0151 dolgozik rajta a vil\u00E1g minden t\u00E1j\u00E1r\u00F3l. Linus erdetileg az Intel 386-os processzor\u00E1ra fejlesztette, de k\u00E9s\u0151bb sz\u00E1mtalan m\u00E1s processzorra is alkalmazt\u00E1k. A Linux-kernel C-ben \u00EDr\u00F3dott, de tartalmaz assembly k\u00F3dr\u00E9szletet is (a GNU Assembler \u201EAT&T-style\u201D szintaxis\u00E1val). Mivel GPL licenccel fejlesztik, a Linux forr\u00E1sk\u00F3dja szabad szoftver. A Linux-kernellel a legt\u00F6bben a GNU/Linux oper\u00E1ci\u00F3s rendszer magjak\u00E9nt tal\u00E1lkoznak. Az ezen a kernelen alapul\u00F3 szoftver disztrib\u00FAci\u00F3kat GNU/Linux disztrib\u00FAci\u00F3knak nevezz\u00FCk."@hu ,
"Linux (dt. ) ist ein Betriebssystemkern (engl. kernel). Er wurde 1991 von dem Finnen Linus Torvalds f\u00FCr die x86-Architektur entwickelt und unter der freien GNU General Public License (GPL) ver\u00F6ffentlicht. Der Kern (Kernel) findet in einer Vielzahl von Distributionen und Betriebssystemen seine Anwendung. Der Begriff Linux bezeichnet somit gleicherma\u00DFen den Linux-Kern selbst, Linux-Distributionen wie auch Linux-basierte Systeme."@de ,
"Linux on suomalaisen Linus Torvaldsin alun perin kehitt\u00E4m\u00E4 k\u00E4ytt\u00F6j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4n ydin. Ydin tai kerneli on tietokoneohjelmiston keskeinen osa, joka mahdollistaa muiden ohjelmistojen toiminnan. K\u00E4ytt\u00F6j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4 on kernel mode tai supervisor mode -tilassa toimiva ohjelmisto, usein pelkk\u00E4 ydin . Linus Torvalds julkaisi ensimm\u00E4isen Linuxin version vuonna 1991. Arkikieless\u00E4 Linuxilla tarkoitetaan usein kokonaista k\u00E4ytt\u00F6j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4\u00E4, jonka ytimen\u00E4 on Linux. Sill\u00E4 voidaan viitata my\u00F6s jakeluversioon, joka sis\u00E4lt\u00E4\u00E4 Linux-k\u00E4ytt\u00F6j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4n lis\u00E4ksi erilaisia sovellusohjelmia. Joskus k\u00E4ytet\u00E4\u00E4n my\u00F6s termi\u00E4 GNU/Linux, sill\u00E4 sek\u00E4 k\u00E4ytt\u00F6j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4 ett\u00E4 sovellusohjelmistot sis\u00E4lt\u00E4v\u00E4t GNU-projektin tuottamia ohjelmistoja."@fi ,
"Linux \u00E7ekirde\u011Fi veya k\u0131saca Linux Unix benzeri i\u015Fletim dizgeleri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan i\u015Fletim dizgesi \u00E7ekirde\u011Fidir. Linux da\u011F\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 terimi, Linux \u00E7ekirde\u011Fi \u00FCzerine geli\u015Ftirilen \u00E7e\u015Fitli i\u015Fletim dizgelerini kapsar. Linux \u00E7ekirde\u011Fi GNU GPL 2 lisans\u0131na sahiptir ve D\u00FCnya'da pek \u00E7ok geli\u015Ftirici taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015Ftirilmektedir. Linus Torvalds'\u0131n 21 ya\u015F\u0131nda iken comp. os. minix'e att\u0131\u011F\u0131 ileti (\u0130ngilizce):"@tr ,
"Le noyau Linux est un noyau de syst\u00E8me d'exploitation de type UNIX. Le noyau Linux est un logiciel libre d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 essentiellement en C par une large communaut\u00E9 de contributeurs. Formellement, \u00AB Linux \u00BB est le nom du seul noyau, mais dans les faits, on appelle souvent \u00AB Linux \u00BB l'ensemble du syst\u00E8me d'exploitation, aussi appel\u00E9 \u00AB GNU/Linux \u00BB, voire l'ensemble d'une distribution Linux. Le noyau est le c\u0153ur du syst\u00E8me, c'est lui qui s'occupe de fournir aux logiciels une interface pour utiliser le mat\u00E9riel. Le noyau Linux a \u00E9t\u00E9 d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 par Linus Torvalds au d\u00E9but des ann\u00E9es 1990 pour les compatibles PC, d'architecture x86. Depuis, il a \u00E9t\u00E9 port\u00E9 sur nombre d'architectures dont m68k, PowerPC, StrongARM, Alpha, SPARC, MIPS, etc. Il peut \u00EAtre au c\u0153ur autant d'un ordinateur personnel que d'un superordinateur, voire d'un syst\u00E8me embarqu\u00E9 tel un t\u00E9l\u00E9phone portable ou un assistant personnel. Ses caract\u00E9ristiques principales sont d'\u00EAtre multit\u00E2che et multi-utilisateur. Il respecte les normes POSIX ce qui en fait un digne h\u00E9ritier des syst\u00E8mes UNIX. Au d\u00E9part, le noyau a \u00E9t\u00E9 con\u00E7u pour \u00EAtre monolithique. Ce choix technique fut l'occasion de d\u00E9bats enflamm\u00E9s avec Andrew S. Tanenbaum, professeur \u00E0 l'universit\u00E9 libre d'Amsterdam, qui avait d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 Minix, Andrew Tanenbaum arguant que les noyaux modernes se devaient d'\u00EAtre des micro-noyaux et Linus r\u00E9pondant que les performances des micronoyaux n'\u00E9taient pas bonnes. Depuis sa version 2.0, le noyau, bien que n'\u00E9tant pas un micro-noyau, est modulaire, c'est-\u00E0-dire que certaines fonctionnalit\u00E9s peuvent \u00EAtre ajout\u00E9es ou enlev\u00E9es du noyau \u00E0 la vol\u00E9e (en cours d'utilisation)."@fr ,
"Linux \u00E9s el nucli del sistema operatiu GNU/Linux. Fou desenvolupat inicialment per Linus Torvalds, i distribu\u00EFt amb la llic\u00E8ncia GPL de GNU. Normalment, el nucli es distribueix amb el conjunt d'utilitats de GNU, entorns d'escriptori i altres aplicacions, formant un sistema operatiu complet."@ca ,
"Linuxov\u00E9 j\u00E1dro nebo t\u00E9\u017E kernel Linuxu je v informatice ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro j\u00E1dro opera\u010Dn\u00EDho syst\u00E9mu. Pat\u0159\u00ED mezi unixov\u00E9 syst\u00E9my a je vyv\u00EDjeno pod licenc\u00ED GPLv2 a kompatibiln\u00EDmi spolu s v\u00FDjimkou, kter\u00E1 umo\u017E\u0148uje jeho pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n\u00ED spole\u010Dn\u011B s komer\u010Dn\u00EDm software. Prvn\u00ED verzi j\u00E1dra naprogramoval Linus Torvalds v roce 1991 a dodnes je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ED neform\u00E1ln\u00ED a respektovanou autoritou jeho v\u00FDvoje. Linus poskytl zdrojov\u00FD k\u00F3d ve\u0159ejn\u011B jako svobodn\u00FD software a d\u00EDky tomu se n\u00E1sledn\u011B k v\u00FDvoji p\u0159idaly tis\u00EDce program\u00E1tor\u016F z cel\u00E9ho sv\u011Bta. V sou\u010Dasn\u00E9 dob\u011B je Linux firmou Microsoft pova\u017Eov\u00E1n za d\u016Fle\u017Eit\u00E9ho konkurenta."@cs ,
"Denne artikkelen omhandler Linux-kjernen. For operativsystemet, se GNU/Linux. Linux-kjernen er en fri UNIX-lignende operativsystem-kjerne som ble skapt av finnen Linus Torvalds i 1991. I dag vedlikeholdes og videreutvikles den av et nettverk med brukere som blant annet best\u00E5r av store bedrifter som Intel, Red Hat, IBM, Hewlett Packard og Novell, men fortsatt st\u00E5r gruppen \u00ABamat\u00F8rer\u00BB for 3.9% av endringene. Linux-kjernen ble opprinnelig utviklet for Intels 80386-prosessor, men har senere blitt portet til mange andre plattformer. Den er skrevet nesten utelukkende i C med noen GNU C-spr\u00E5kutvidelser og AT&T assembler. Linux-kjernen er utviklet under GNU General Public License, og kildekoden er derfor fri programvare. Kjernen er best kjent som \u00ABhjertet\u00BB av operativsystemet Linux. Programvaresamlinger best\u00E5ende av Linux-kjernen og andre typer programvare, kalles Linux-distribusjoner. En slik distribusjon best\u00E5r i tillegg til Linux-kjernen av mye programvare for GNU-prosjektet, og mange mener derfor at man b\u00F8r kalle operativsystemet for GNU/Linux."@no ,
"Linux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306FGNU/Linux\u30AA\u30DA\u30EC\u30FC\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u30B7\u30B9\u30C6\u30E0\u3092\u69CB\u6210\u3059\u308B\u57FA\u672C\u8981\u7D20\u3068\u306A\u308B\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u3092\u53D6\u308A\u4E0A\u3052\u3066\u8A00\u3046\u3068\u304D\u306B\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u308B\u8A9E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 Linux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306F\u3001BSD\u7CFB\u306EUNIX\u306A\u3069\u3068\u7570\u306A\u308A\u3001\u5143\u306EUNIX\u306E\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9\u3092\u4E00\u5207\u5229\u7528\u305B\u305A\u306B\u4F5C\u8005\u304C\u30BC\u30ED\u304B\u3089\u30B9\u30AF\u30E9\u30C3\u30C1\u958B\u767A\u3057\u305F\u3068\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u30B3\u30D4\u30FC\u30EC\u30D5\u30C8\u306E\u30E9\u30A4\u30BB\u30F3\u30B9GPL\u306B\u5F93\u3063\u3066\u914D\u5E03\u3055\u308C\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u30E9\u30A4\u30BB\u30F3\u30B9\u3092\u5909\u66F4\u305B\u305A\u30BD\u30FC\u30B9\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9\u306E\u516C\u958B\u3068\u30B3\u30D4\u30FC\u306E\u81EA\u7531\u3092\u4FDD\u8A3C\u3059\u308C\u3070\u3001\u81EA\u7531\u306B\u30B3\u30D4\u30FC/\u914D\u4ED8/\u6539\u5909\u3057\u3066\u69CB\u308F\u306A\u3044\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4E8B\u304CLinux\u3092\u5171\u6709\u306E\u7269\u3068\u3057\u3066\u958B\u767A\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63A8\u9032\u3055\u305B\u305F\u3002Linux\u306E\u958B\u767A\u3068\u30A4\u30F3\u30BF\u30FC\u30CD\u30C3\u30C8\u306E\u767A\u5C55\u304C\u6642\u671F\u7684\u306B\u4E00\u81F4\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3001Linux \u306E\u56DE\u308A\u306B\u958B\u767A\u30B3\u30DF\u30E5\u30CB\u30C6\u30A3\u3092\u5F62\u6210\u3059\u308B\u306E\u306B\u5E78\u3044\u3057\u305F\u3002 \u307E\u305F\u3001\u958B\u767A\u306B\u969B\u3057\u3066\u3088\u308A\u30AA\u30FC\u30D7\u30F3\u306A\u958B\u767A\u4F53\u5236\u3092\u3068\u308A\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u30D0\u30B6\u30FC\u30EB\u65B9\u5F0F\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3001\u8AB0\u3067\u3082Linux Kernel Mailing List\u3078\u306EBug\u5831\u544A\u3084\u4FEE\u6B63\u3001\u6A5F\u80FD\u62E1\u5F35\u30D1\u30C3\u30C1\u3092\u516C\u958B\u3067\u304D\u3001\u305D\u306E\u4E2D\u304B\u3089\u6700\u7D42\u7684\u306B\u30EA\u30FC\u30CA\u30B9\u30FB\u30C8\u30FC\u30D0\u30EB\u30BA\u3068\u5F7C\u304C\u4EFB\u547D\u3057\u305F\u30E1\u30A4\u30F3\u30C6\u30CA\u30FC\u304C\u30B3\u30FC\u30C7\u30A3\u30CD\u30FC\u30BF\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3001\u516C\u5F0F\u7248\u306ELinux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306E\u8CEA\u3092\u4FDD\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u901A\u5E38\u3001Linux\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u3068\u547C\u3093\u3060\u3068\u304D\u3001\u30EA\u30FC\u30CA\u30B9\u304C\u516C\u958B\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u516C\u5F0F\u7248\u306E\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002Linux\u30C7\u30A3\u30B9\u30C8\u30EA\u30D3\u30E5\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\u3067\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u306F\u3001\u30EA\u30FC\u30CA\u30B9\u306E\u516C\u958B\u3057\u305F\u30AB\u30FC\u30CD\u30EB\u3092\u5143\u306B\u30D9\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u304C\u72EC\u81EA\u306E\u4FEE\u6B63\u3084\u5909\u66F4\u3092\u52A0\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002"@ja ,
"O Linux \u00E9 o n\u00FAcleo de um sistema operativo compat\u00EDvel com UNIX. Segundo Bach, Tanenbaum e Silberschatz, Galvin e Gagne, sistema operacional (sistema operativo) e n\u00FAcleo (quando monol\u00EDtico) podem ser considerados sin\u00F4nimos. Foi criado por Linus Torvalds, do Departamento de Ci\u00EAncia da Computa\u00E7\u00E3o da Universidade de Helsinki, com a ajuda de v\u00E1rios programadores volunt\u00E1rios por meio da Usenet em 1991, e subseq\u00FCentemente desenvolvido com a ajuda de programadores de todo o mundo como software livre (SL)."@pt ,
"The Linux kernel is an operating system kernel used by the Linux family of Unix-like operating systems. It is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software. The Linux kernel is released under the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2) plus proprietary licenses for some controversial BLOBs and is developed by contributors worldwide. Day-to-day development takes place on the Linux kernel mailing list. The Linux kernel was initially conceived and created by Finnish computer science student Linus Torvalds in 1991. Early on, the MINIX community contributed code and ideas to the Linux kernel. At the time, the GNU Project had created many of the components required for a free software operating system, but its own kernel, GNU Hurd, was incomplete and unavailable. The BSD operating system had not yet freed itself from legal encumbrances. This meant that despite the limited functionality of the early versions, Linux rapidly accumulated developers and users who adopted code from those projects for use with the new operating system. The Linux kernel has received contributions from thousands of programmers. Many Linux distributions have been released based upon the Linux kernel."@en ,
"Nucleul Linux (\u00EEn englez\u0103 \"kernel\") reprezint\u0103 nucleul sistemului de operare deschis care a fost creat de Linus Torvalds \u00EEn 1991 \u015Fi care a fost \u00EEmbun\u0103t\u0103\u0163it ulterior cu ajutorul programatorilor din \u00EEntreaga lume Acesta a fost dezvoltat ini\u0163ial pentru microprocesorul Intel 80386, \u00EEns\u0103 ulterior a fost portat pe multe alte platforme Este scris aprope \u00EEn \u00EEntregime \u00EEn limbajul de programare C, \u00EEmpreun\u0103 cu ni\u015Fte extensii GNU C \u015Fi cu c\u00EEteva linii de cod scrise \u00EEn limbajul de asamblare Dezvoltat sub licen\u0163a GNU GPL (GNU General Public License), codul surs\u0103 al nucleului Linux este software liber Nucleul este cel mai bine cunoscut ca principala component\u0103 a sistemului de operare GNU/Linux Distribu\u0163iile de software bazate pe nucleul Linux se numesc Distribu\u0163ii GNU/Linux"@ro ,
"De Linuxkernel is de kernel (kern) van besturingssystemen uit de Linuxfamilie. Voor de meeste gebruikers bevindt de kernel zich onder de spreekwoordelijke \"motorkap\": de gebruiker communiceert met de computer via een desktop en een gebruikersinterface, van de onderliggende techniek merken veel gebruikers weinig. De kernel bevat de basisfaciliteiten van Linux, zoals stuurprogramma's (drivers) en systeemaanroepen zoals read en write. Deze veelgebruikte basisfuncties zijn nodig om programma's te kunnen schrijven zonder dat je je zorgen moet maken over details, bijvoorbeeld hoe een read-actie (die invoer van een toetsenbord of ander invoerapparaat leest) werkt. De kernel is gecompileerd en is dus een binair bestand. Omdat de Linuxkernel vrije software is (want gepubliceerd onder de voorwaarden van de GPL), is de broncode ervan vrij beschikbaar. Zo kan iedereen met de nodige expertise de kernel veranderen en eventueel de veranderde versie beschikbaar stellen voor anderen. Dat dit laatste niet op noemenswaardige schaal gebeurt, wordt gezien als een bevestiging van de kwaliteiten van Linus Torvalds, de hoofdontwikkelaar en leider van het project. In 1990 begon hij een terminalemulator te ontwikkelen, maar hij wilde meer functies en besefte even later dat hij in feite de kernel voor een besturingssysteem aan het schrijven was. Op 5 oktober 1991 maakte Torvalds de eerste release bekend met een memorabele Usenetposting in de nieuwsgroep comp. os. minix."@nl ,
"Linux \u2014 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B, \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043C POSIX. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u041B\u0438\u043D\u0443\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0422\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0432 1991 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u0412 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D \u043D\u0430 \u0421\u0438 \u0441 \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 gcc \u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043C\u0431\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0435 (\u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C AT&T-\u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 GNU Assembler). \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0438\u044F\u0445 GNU General Public License. \u0422\u043E\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430 Linux \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u041B\u0438\u043D\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0422\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0441\u0430."@ru ,
"Linux \u00E4r en fri, Unix-liknande operativsystemsk\u00E4rna mest k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sin del i operativsystemet GNU/Linux. Linux anv\u00E4nds ocks\u00E5 utan GNU-programvaran, fr\u00E4mst i inbyggda system Projektet p\u00E5b\u00F6rjades av Linus Torvalds 1991 och utvecklades fr\u00E5n b\u00F6rjan inte med allm\u00E4nt bruk i \u00E5tanke, utan mest f\u00F6r att Torvalds ville l\u00E4ra sig mer om hur man bygger operativsystem. Torvalds leder forts\u00E4ttningsvis utvecklingsarbetet, ocks\u00E5 om han delegerat m\u00E5nga enskilda helheter. D\u00E5 Torvalds b\u00F6rjade arbeta p\u00E5 Linux hade GNU-projektet redan skapat m\u00E5nga av de n\u00F6dv\u00E4ndiga komponenterna f\u00F6r ett fritt operativsystem, men deras egen k\u00E4rna, GNU Hurd hade stora problem och var inte \u00E4nnu anv\u00E4ndbar. Linux kunde fylla detta behov och trots att de tidiga versionerna var mycket begr\u00E4nsade, blev kombinationen GNU och Linux snabbt popul\u00E4r. K\u00E4llkoden till Linux har n\u00E4stan \u00E4nda sen starten anv\u00E4nt GNUs programvarulicens GPL, n\u00E5got som m\u00E5nga p\u00E5st\u00E5r \u00E4r anledningen till att den blivit s\u00E5 framg\u00E5ngsrik och popul\u00E4r. Licensen kr\u00E4ver n\u00E4mligen att om man har gjort \u00E4ndringar i systemet som man vill sprida vidare m\u00E5ste man \u00E4ven g\u00F6ra \u00E4ndringarna i k\u00E4llkoden offentlig och fri f\u00F6r alla att anv\u00E4nda. P\u00E5 det s\u00E4ttet kommer alla f\u00F6rb\u00E4ttringar alla till godo. I en intervju 1997 sa Torvalds att bytet till GPL var \"det b\u00E4sta han n\u00E5gonsin gjort\". K\u00E4rnan Linux har trots detta aldrig ersatt Hurd som officiell k\u00E4rna inom GNU, utan Hurd utvecklas alltj\u00E4mt separat."@sv ;
rdfs:comment "Denne artikkelen omhandler Linux-kjernen. For operativsystemet, se GNU/Linux. Linux-kjernen er en fri UNIX-lignende operativsystem-kjerne som ble skapt av finnen Linus Torvalds i 1991. I dag vedlikeholdes og videreutvikles den av et nettverk med brukere som blant annet best\u00E5r av store bedrifter som Intel, Red Hat, IBM, Hewlett Packard og Novell, men fortsatt st\u00E5r gruppen \u00ABamat\u00F8rer\u00BB for 3.9% av endringene."@no ,
"Linuxov\u00E9 j\u00E1dro nebo t\u00E9\u017E kernel Linuxu je v informatice ozna\u010Den\u00ED pro j\u00E1dro opera\u010Dn\u00EDho syst\u00E9mu. Pat\u0159\u00ED mezi unixov\u00E9 syst\u00E9my a je vyv\u00EDjeno pod licenc\u00ED GPLv2 a kompatibiln\u00EDmi spolu s v\u00FDjimkou, kter\u00E1 umo\u017E\u0148uje jeho pou\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n\u00ED spole\u010Dn\u011B s komer\u010Dn\u00EDm software. Prvn\u00ED verzi j\u00E1dra naprogramoval Linus Torvalds v roce 1991 a dodnes je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ED neform\u00E1ln\u00ED a respektovanou autoritou jeho v\u00FDvoje."@cs ,
"Linux \u2014 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B, \u0441\u043E\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043C POSIX. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C \u041B\u0438\u043D\u0443\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0422\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0441\u043E\u043C \u0432 1991 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. \u0412 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D \u043D\u0430 \u0421\u0438 \u0441 \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 gcc \u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043C\u0431\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0435 (\u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C AT&T-\u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 GNU Assembler)."@ru ,
"Le noyau Linux est un noyau de syst\u00E8me d'exploitation de type UNIX. Le noyau Linux est un logiciel libre d\u00E9velopp\u00E9 essentiellement en C par une large communaut\u00E9 de contributeurs. Formellement, \u00AB Linux \u00BB est le nom du seul noyau, mais dans les faits, on appelle souvent \u00AB Linux \u00BB l'ensemble du syst\u00E8me d'exploitation, aussi appel\u00E9 \u00AB GNU/Linux \u00BB, voire l'ensemble d'une distribution Linux."@fr ,
"Linux (dt. ) ist ein Betriebssystemkern (engl. kernel). Er wurde 1991 von dem Finnen Linus Torvalds f\u00FCr die x86-Architektur entwickelt und unter der freien GNU General Public License (GPL) ver\u00F6ffentlicht. Der Kern (Kernel) findet in einer Vielzahl von Distributionen und Betriebssystemen seine Anwendung. Der Begriff Linux bezeichnet somit gleicherma\u00DFen den Linux-Kern selbst, Linux-Distributionen wie auch Linux-basierte Systeme."@de ,
"De Linuxkernel is de kernel (kern) van besturingssystemen uit de Linuxfamilie. Voor de meeste gebruikers bevindt de kernel zich onder de spreekwoordelijke \"motorkap\": de gebruiker communiceert met de computer via een desktop en een gebruikersinterface, van de onderliggende techniek merken veel gebruikers weinig. De kernel bevat de basisfaciliteiten van Linux, zoals stuurprogramma's (drivers) en systeemaanroepen zoals read en write."@nl ,
""@ja ,
"Linux \u00E9s el nucli del sistema operatiu GNU/Linux. Fou desenvolupat inicialment per Linus Torvalds, i distribu\u00EFt amb la llic\u00E8ncia GPL de GNU. Normalment, el nucli es distribueix amb el conjunt d'utilitats de GNU, entorns d'escriptori i altres aplicacions, formant un sistema operatiu complet."@ca ,
"Linux\u662F\u6700\u53D7\u6B22\u8FCE\u7684\u81EA\u7531\u7535\u8111\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u5185\u6838\u3002\u5B83\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u7528C\u8BED\u8A00\u5199\u6210\uFF0C\u7B26\u5408POSIX\u6807\u51C6\u7684\u7C7BUnix\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u3002Linux\u6700\u65E9\u662F\u7531\u82AC\u5170\u9ED1\u5BA2\u6797\u7D0D\u65AF\u00B7\u6258\u74E6\u8332\u4E3A\u5C1D\u8BD5\u5728\u82F1\u7279\u5C14x86\u67B6\u6784\u4E0A\u63D0\u4F9B\u81EA\u7531\u514D\u8D39\u7684\u7C7BUnix\u64CD\u4F5C\u7CFB\u7EDF\u800C\u5F00\u53D1\u7684\u3002\u8BE5\u8BA1\u5212\u5F00\u59CB\u4E8E1991\u5E74\uFF0C\u8FD9\u91CC\u6709\u4E00\u4EFD\u6797\u7D0D\u65AF\u00B7\u6258\u74E6\u8332\u5F53\u65F6\u5728Usenet\u65B0\u95FB\u7EC4comp. os."@zh ,
"Linux es un n\u00FAcleo de sistema operativo libre tipo Unix. Es utilizado por la familia de sistemas operativos GNU/Linux. Lanzado bajo la licencia p\u00FAblica general de GNU y desarrollado gracias a contribuciones provenientes de todo el mundo, Linux es uno de los ejemplos m\u00E1s notables de software libre. Linux fue creado por Linus Torvalds en 1991. Muy pronto, la comunidad de Minix (un clon de Unix) contribuy\u00F3 en el c\u00F3digo y en ideas para el n\u00FAcleo Linux."@es ,
"Linux \u00E7ekirde\u011Fi veya k\u0131saca Linux Unix benzeri i\u015Fletim dizgeleri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan i\u015Fletim dizgesi \u00E7ekirde\u011Fidir. Linux da\u011F\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 terimi, Linux \u00E7ekirde\u011Fi \u00FCzerine geli\u015Ftirilen \u00E7e\u015Fitli i\u015Fletim dizgelerini kapsar. Linux \u00E7ekirde\u011Fi GNU GPL 2 lisans\u0131na sahiptir ve D\u00FCnya'da pek \u00E7ok geli\u015Ftirici taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015Ftirilmektedir. Linus Torvalds'\u0131n 21 ya\u015F\u0131nda iken comp. os. minix'e att\u0131\u011F\u0131 ileti (\u0130ngilizce):"@tr ,
""@ro ,
"A Linux-rendszermag vagy Linux-kernel egy ny\u00EDlt Unix-szer\u0171 oper\u00E1ci\u00F3s rendszermag, amelyet Linus Torvalds finn sz\u00E1m\u00EDt\u00E1stechnikus alkotott meg 1991-ben, az\u00F3ta pedig Linus vezet\u00E9s\u00E9vel sz\u00E1mtalan fejleszt\u0151 dolgozik rajta a vil\u00E1g minden t\u00E1j\u00E1r\u00F3l. Linus erdetileg az Intel 386-os processzor\u00E1ra fejlesztette, de k\u00E9s\u0151bb sz\u00E1mtalan m\u00E1s processzorra is alkalmazt\u00E1k."@hu ,
"J\u0105dro Linux \u2013 najwa\u017Cniejsza, wolna cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 uniksopodobnego systemu operacyjnego GNU/Linux napisana przez Linusa Torvaldsa w 1991 roku, a obecnie rozwijana przez licznych programist\u00F3w z ca\u0142ego \u015Bwiata. Pocz\u0105tkowo dzia\u0142a\u0142o na platformie Intel 80386, lecz p\u00F3\u017Aniej zosta\u0142o przeniesione na wiele innych platform. Najwi\u0119ksza cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 kodu napisana jest w j\u0119zyku C, z pewnymi rozszerzeniami GCC a pozosta\u0142a cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 to wstawki w asemblerze."@pl ,
"Il kernel Linux \u00E8 un software libero distribuito con licenza GNU General Public License; \u00E8 stato creato nel 1991 da Linus Torvalds. Integrato con il Sistema GNU, sviluppato da Richard Stallman, ha dato vita al sistema operativo GNU/Linux (chiamato comunemente con il solo nome Linux)."@it ,
"O Linux \u00E9 o n\u00FAcleo de um sistema operativo compat\u00EDvel com UNIX. Segundo Bach, Tanenbaum e Silberschatz, Galvin e Gagne, sistema operacional (sistema operativo) e n\u00FAcleo (quando monol\u00EDtico) podem ser considerados sin\u00F4nimos."@pt ,
"The Linux kernel is an operating system kernel used by the Linux family of Unix-like operating systems. It is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software. The Linux kernel is released under the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2) plus proprietary licenses for some controversial BLOBs and is developed by contributors worldwide. Day-to-day development takes place on the Linux kernel mailing list."@en ,
"\u042F\u0434\u0440\u043E \u043B\u0456\u043D\u0443\u043A\u0441 \u2014 \u044F\u0434\u0440\u043E UNIX-\u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0441\u044E\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0434 \u043B\u0456\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0437\u0456\u0454\u044E GNU General Public License (GPL), \u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u044F\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0434\u044C\u043C\u0438 \u0437 \u0443\u0441\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0443, \u0449\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043B\u043E \u0439\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0456\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F."@uk ,
"Linux on suomalaisen Linus Torvaldsin alun perin kehitt\u00E4m\u00E4 k\u00E4ytt\u00F6j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4n ydin. Ydin tai kerneli on tietokoneohjelmiston keskeinen osa, joka mahdollistaa muiden ohjelmistojen toiminnan. K\u00E4ytt\u00F6j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4 on kernel mode tai supervisor mode -tilassa toimiva ohjelmisto, usein pelkk\u00E4 ydin . Linus Torvalds julkaisi ensimm\u00E4isen Linuxin version vuonna 1991. Arkikieless\u00E4 Linuxilla tarkoitetaan usein kokonaista k\u00E4ytt\u00F6j\u00E4rjestelm\u00E4\u00E4, jonka ytimen\u00E4 on Linux."@fi ,
"Linux \u00E4r en fri, Unix-liknande operativsystemsk\u00E4rna mest k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r sin del i operativsystemet GNU/Linux. Linux anv\u00E4nds ocks\u00E5 utan GNU-programvaran, fr\u00E4mst i inbyggda system Projektet p\u00E5b\u00F6rjades av Linus Torvalds 1991 och utvecklades fr\u00E5n b\u00F6rjan inte med allm\u00E4nt bruk i \u00E5tanke, utan mest f\u00F6r att Torvalds ville l\u00E4ra sig mer om hur man bygger operativsystem. Torvalds leder forts\u00E4ttningsvis utvecklingsarbetet, ocks\u00E5 om han delegerat m\u00E5nga enskilda helheter."@sv ;
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