@prefix dbpprop: .
@prefix dbpedia: .
dbpedia:John_Tyler dbpprop:state .
dbpprop:successor ;
dbpprop:after ;
dbpprop:successor .
dbpedia:Calhoun_College dbpprop:namedFor .
dbpedia:Andrew_Jackson dbpprop:vicePresident ;
dbpprop:vicepresident .
dbpedia:James_Buchanan dbpprop:predecessor ;
dbpprop:before .
dbpedia:James_Monroe dbpprop:war .
dbpedia:Martin_Van_Buren dbpprop:predecessor .
dbpprop:before ;
dbpprop:preceded .
dbpedia:George_McDuffie dbpprop:alongside .
dbpedia:List_of_counties_in_Alabama dbpprop:data .
dbpedia:List_of_counties_in_Florida dbpprop:data .
dbpedia:List_of_counties_in_South_Carolina dbpprop:data .
dbpedia:List_of_counties_in_Texas dbpprop:data .
dbpprop:name ;
dbpprop:runningMate ,
;
dbpprop:vpName .
dbpedia:Rembrandt_Peale dbpprop:patrons .
dbpedia:John_Quincy_Adams dbpprop:vicePresident ;
dbpprop:vicepresident .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix ns3: .
rdf:type ns3:UnitedStatesSecretariesOfState ,
ns3:AmericanPoliticalTheorists ,
ns3:LitchfieldLawSchoolAlumni ,
ns3:VicePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates ,
ns3:SouthCarolinaLawyers ,
ns3:UnitedStatesSenatorsFromSouthCarolina ,
ns3:DefendersOfSlavery .
@prefix owl: .
rdf:type owl:Thing ,
ns3:UnitedStatesSecretariesOfWar ,
ns3:VicePresident110751265 .
@prefix dbpedia-owl: .
rdf:type dbpedia-owl:Person ,
ns3:AmericanPeopleOfTheWarOf1812 ,
ns3:PeopleFromSouthCarolina ,
dbpedia-owl:OfficeHolder ;
dbpprop:name "John Caldwell Calhoun"@en ,
"John C. Calhoun"@en ,
"Calhoun, John Caldwell"@en .
@prefix xsd: .
@prefix ns7: .
ns7:birthDate "1782-03-18"^^xsd:date ;
ns7:birthPlace ;
ns7:deathDate "1850-03-31"^^xsd:date ;
ns7:deathPlace ;
ns7:almaMater dbpedia:Yale_University ,
dbpedia:Tapping_Reeve_Law_School ;
dbpedia-owl:party dbpedia:Nullifier_Party ,
,
;
owl:sameAs ,
,
.
@prefix foaf: .
foaf:name "John Caldwell Calhoun" ;
foaf:page ;
dbpedia-owl:religion dbpedia:Unitarianism ;
ns7:religion dbpedia:Unitarianism ;
dbpedia-owl:spouse dbpedia:Floride_Calhoun ;
ns7:spouse dbpedia:Floride_Calhoun ;
dbpprop:reference ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
@prefix rdfs: .
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"John C. Calhoun"@no ,
"John C. Calhoun"@nl ,
"John C. Calhoun"@fi ,
"John C. Calhoun"@es ,
"John C. Calhoun"@pl ,
"John C. Calhoun"@ro ,
"John Calhoun"@it ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun"@pt ,
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"John C. Calhoun"@de ,
"John C. Calhoun"@cs ,
"\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30FB\u30AB\u30EB\u30D5\u30FC\u30F3"@ja ,
"John C. Calhoun"@en ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun"@fr ,
"John C. Calhoun"@sv ,
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dbpedia-owl:thumbnail ;
dbpedia-owl:birthDate "1782-03-18"^^xsd:date ;
dbpedia-owl:birthPlace ;
dbpedia-owl:deathDate "1850-03-31"^^xsd:date ;
dbpedia-owl:deathPlace ;
dbpedia-owl:almaMater dbpedia:Yale_University ,
dbpedia:Tapping_Reeve_Law_School ;
dbpprop:abstract "Fu Vice Presidente sotto la presidenza di John Quincy Adams e di Andrew Jackson dal 1825 al 1832 quando si dimise per entrare in Senato. Nato in North Carolina, dopo l'approvazione nel 1832 da parte del Congresso americano di nuovi dazi nei confronti delle merci straniere, egli si pose a capo di un sentimento di ribellione verso la politica protezionistica nazionale, tanto da proporre il concetto della \"nullificazione\": qualora il governo federale avesse imboccato direzioni politiche contrarie all'interesse dei singoli stati, lo Stato che vedeva intaccati i propri interessi poteva nullificare, ossia non adottare, i provvedimenti contestati."@it ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun a fost un om politic \u015Fi filosof din Carolina de Sud, SUA din prima jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea."@ro ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun var en ledende s\u00F8rstatspolitiker og politisk filosof fra South Carolina, USA. Han var best kjent som talsmann for slaveri, og hans id\u00E9er f\u00F8rte til den amerikanske borgerkrigen et ti\u00E5r etter hans d\u00F8d. Calhoun hadde flere toppolitiske verv i USA i l\u00F8pet av sin karriere. Han satt i Representantenes hus i Kongressen fra 1810 fram til 1817, da han ble landets krigsminister (forl\u00F8peren til dagens forsvarsminister) under president Monroe. Denne posisjonen satt han fram til han ble USAs 7. visepresident, f\u00F8rst under president John Quincy Adams, s\u00E5 under president Andrew Jackson. Han trakk seg fra stillingen som visepresident for \u00E5 kunne sitte i Senatet, hvor han f\u00F8lte han hadde mer makt. 1. april 1844 ble han USAs utenriksminister i president Tylers regjering, en stilling han beholdt i nesten et \u00E5r fram til presidentskiftet i 1845. Calhoun d\u00F8de av tuberkulose i 1850 og ble gravlagt i hjemstaten South Carolina."@no ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun fue un l\u00EDder pol\u00EDtico de los estados del sur de los Estados Unidos, un destacado fil\u00F3sofo pol\u00EDtico de la primera mitad del siglo XIX y uno de los principales actores en las grandes disputas pol\u00EDticas en su pa\u00EDs. En estas disputas desempe\u00F1\u00F3 un destacado papel como vocero y defensor de la esclavitud, de la nullification y la de los derechos electorales de las minor\u00EDas, especialmente de grupos como los due\u00F1os de esclavos. Sus ideas son consideradas vitales para la crisis constitucional futura que finalizar\u00EDa en la Guerra de Secesi\u00F3n, una d\u00E9cada despu\u00E9s de su muerte. Se desempe\u00F1\u00F3 como miembro de la legislatura estatal de su nativa Carolina del Sur durante un breve per\u00EDodo, en la cual fue uno de los impulsores de la legislaci\u00F3n que convirti\u00F3 a su estado natal en el primero en otorgar el sufragio universal masculino (de personas blancas). Posteriormente dio inicio a una larga y exitosa carrera pol\u00EDtica a nivel federal. Se inici\u00F3 como nacionalista ac\u00E9rrimo, del grupo que estaban a favor de la guerra con el Reino Unido en 1812, as\u00ED como partidario de la ejecuci\u00F3n de medidas de mejoras internas por medio de obras p\u00FAblicas. Estas posiciones cambiaron a lo largo de la d\u00E9cada de 1820, cuando se enfrent\u00F3 con el llamado \"Pacto corrupto\" de 1825, que deriv\u00F3 en asumir posturas favorables a los llamados \"derechos de los estados\", reivindicados por Thomas Jefferson y James Madison en sus conocidas \"Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions\" de 1798. Pese a fallecer m\u00E1s de una d\u00E9cada antes de iniciarse la Guerra Civil, Calhoum se convirti\u00F3 en una fuente de inspiraci\u00F3n para los secesionistas que crearon los Estados Confederados de Am\u00E9rica. Apodado como el \"casto hombre de acero\" por su determinaci\u00F3n inquebrantable de defender las causas que hab\u00EDa hecho propias, este sure\u00F1o invent\u00F3 y defendi\u00F3 la teor\u00EDa de la \"nullification\", en la cual argumentaba que los estados en ejercicios de sus derechos pod\u00EDan declarar nulas aquellas leyes federales que consideraran que violaran la Constituci\u00F3n. Fue a su vez un gran defensor de la esclavitud, a la cual calificaba de un \"bien positivo\" m\u00E1s que un \"mal necesario\". Su apasionada defensa de esta instituci\u00F3n permiti\u00F3 en parte la escalada en el enfrentamiento con los norte\u00F1os abolicionistas, llevando a los habitantes de los estados del sur cada vez m\u00E1s cerca de la idea de secesi\u00F3n. John C. Calhoun se desempa\u00F1\u00F3 en varios empleos federales (a los cuales el denominaba \"nacionales\"), tanto como s\u00E9ptimo vicepresidente de los Estados Unidos entre 1828 y 1832, durante las presidencias de John Quincy Adams y Andrew Jackson. Renunci\u00F3 a tal cargo para ser electo para el Senado federal, donde ejercer\u00EDa mucho m\u00E1s poder e influencias que c\u00F3mo segundo hombre del presidente. Ejerci\u00F3 tambi\u00E9n como representante ante la C\u00E1mara respectiva entre 1810 y 1817, como d\u00E9cimo secretario de Guerra (1817-1824) y como d\u00E9cimo sexto secretario de Estado en 1844 y 1845, bajo la presidencia de John Tyler."@es ,
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\u30AB\u30EB\u30DB\u30FC\u30F3\u306E\u7FA9\u7406\u306E\u606F\u5B50\u30C8\u30DE\u30B9\u30FB\u30B0\u30EA\u30FC\u30F3\u30FB\u30AF\u30EC\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306F\u30AF\u30EC\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u5927\u5B66\u306E\u5275\u7ACB\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u73FE\u5728\u540C\u5927\u5B66\u306F\u30AB\u30EB\u30D5\u30FC\u30F3\u304C\u5BB6\u3068\u547C\u3093\u3060\u30D5\u30A9\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\u30D2\u30EB\u306E\u8CA1\u7523\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u304F\u3002"@ja ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun est un important politicien am\u00E9ricain durant la premi\u00E8re moiti\u00E9 du moiti\u00E9 du XIX si\u00E8cle. Il est le premier vice-pr\u00E9sident des \u00C9tats-Unis d'Am\u00E9rique \u00E0 \u00EAtre n\u00E9 apr\u00E8s l'ind\u00E9pendance am\u00E9ricaine, donc citoyen am\u00E9ricain."@fr ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun afkomstig uit South Carolina was een vooraanstaande Amerikaanse politicus uit het Zuiden. Van 1817-1825 was hij minister van Defensie (Oorlog) onder James Monroe. Hij was van 1825-1829 vicepresident onder president John Quincy Adams en aansluitend van 1829-1832 vicepresident onder Andrew Jackson. Ook was hij kort minister van Buitenlandse zaken (1844-1845) onder president John Tyler. In de eerste helft van de 19de eeuw was hij een spilfiguur in de politiek en werd het best bekend als voorstander van de slavernij."@nl ,
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"John Caldwell Calhoun war der 7. Vizepr\u00E4sident der Vereinigten Staaten von 1825 bis 1832 unter den Pr\u00E4sidenten John Quincy Adams und Andrew Jackson und langj\u00E4hriger Senator. Calhoun absolvierte - mit Unterbrechungen - ein Studium der Rechtswissenschaften. Nach der Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt im Jahr 1807 begann er neben der T\u00E4tigkeit auf dem landwirtschaftlichen Anwesen der Familie in Abbeville zu praktizieren. 1811 heiratete er eine entfernte Cousine, Floride Bonneau Colhoun, mit der er 10 Kinder hatte. In den Jahren 1808 und 1809 geh\u00F6rte er als Abgeordneter dem Repr\u00E4sentantenhaus von South Carolina an. Vom 4. M\u00E4rz 1811 bis zum 3. November 1817 vertrat er f\u00FCr die Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei und als Nachfolger von Joseph Calhoun den sechsten Kongresswahlbezirk seines Heimatstaates South Carolina im Repr\u00E4sentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten. Vom 8. Oktober 1817 bis zum 4. M\u00E4rz 1825 war er als Nachfolger von William H. Crawford zum Kriegsminister im Kabinett von James Monroe bestellt worden. Anschlie\u00DFend war er bis zum 28. Dezember 1832 Vizepr\u00E4sident in den Regierungen der Pr\u00E4sidenten John Quincy Adams und Andrew Jackson. Nachdem er zum Senator gew\u00E4hlt worden war, trat der zu den Demokraten geh\u00F6rende Politiker am 28. Dezember 1832 im Zuge der Nullifikationskrise von seinem Amt zur\u00FCck. Dies war der erste von nur zwei Vizepr\u00E4sidenten-R\u00FCcktritten; der zweite war der von Spiro Theodore Agnew. Bedeutung erlangte er weniger als Vizepr\u00E4sident denn als Wortf\u00FChrer im Senat, wobei er politisch den weiten Weg vom Nationalisten und Einpeitscher des Krieges von 1812 zum Wortf\u00FChrer der S\u00FCdstaaten und ihrer Sezessionsbestrebungen zur\u00FCcklegte. Im Interesse der S\u00FCdstaaten formulierte er die Nullifikationsdoktrin, die besagte, dass Einzelstaaten das Recht h\u00E4tten, solche Bundesgesetze, die ihnen sch\u00E4dlich seien, nicht umzusetzen. In der Krise von 1832, bei der es um ein umstrittenes Zollgesetz ging, wurden sogar Bundestruppen in South Carolina eingesetzt, als es erstmals mit Sezession gedroht hatte. In dieser Krise handelte Calhoun als Wortf\u00FChrer der s\u00FCdstaatlichen Pflanzeraristokratie und bei der Sezession von 1861 berief man sich nicht zuletzt auf ihn. Calhoun vertrat seinen Bundesstaat als Nachfolger von Robert Y. Hayne bis zum 3. M\u00E4rz 1843 und dann erneut vom 26. November 1845 bis zu seinem Tod am 31. M\u00E4rz 1850 im Senat. W\u00E4hrend der Jahre 1845 und 1846 war er dort Vorsitzender im Ausschuss f\u00FCr Finanzen (Senate Committee on Finance). Vom 1. April 1844 bis zum 10. M\u00E4rz 1845 geh\u00F6rte er als Au\u00DFenminister dem Kabinett von John Tyler an. John C. Calhoun starb an Tuberkulose und wurde auf dem St. Philip\u2019s Churchyard in Charleston in South Carolina beigesetzt. In den 1960er Jahren benannte die United States Navy das U-Boot USS John C. Calhoun (SSBN-630) nach ihm."@de ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun byl ji\u017Eansk\u00FD politik z Ji\u017En\u00ED Karol\u00EDny. Byl 7. viceprezident USA v administrativ\u011B prezident\u016F J. Q. Adamse a A. Jacksona. V roce 1832 se jako prvn\u00ED viceprezident v historii vzdal sv\u00E9ho \u00FA\u0159adu, nebo\u0165 dosp\u011Bl k n\u00E1zoru, \u017Ee jako sen\u00E1tor bude m\u00EDt mnohem v\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED pozici."@cs ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun \u2013 polityk ameryka\u0144ski, dzia\u0142acz Partii Demokratyczno-Republika\u0144skiej, 7. wiceprezydent Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych. W latach 1817-1825 by\u0142 sekretarzem wojny w administracji prezydenta Jamesa Monroe, nast\u0119pnie wiceprezydentem przy prezydentach Johnie Quincy Adamsie i Andrew Jacksonie; 28 grudnia 1832 by\u0142 pierwszym wiceprezydentem USA w historii, kt\u00F3ry sam zrezygnowa\u0142 z pe\u0142nionej funkcji, gdy zosta\u0142 senatorem z rodzinnego stanu Karolina Po\u0142udniowa. W 1844 zosta\u0142 sekretarzem stanu w administracji Johna Tylera (po tragicznej \u015Bmierci Abla P. Ushura); pe\u0142ni\u0142 t\u0119 funkcj\u0119 przez rok, do ko\u0144ca prezydentury Tylera. W 1957 Senat USA uzna\u0142 Calhouna za jednego z pi\u0119ciu najwybitniejszych senator\u00F3w w historii USA. Najgor\u0119tszy zwolennik utrzymania niewolnictwa."@pl ,
"John C. Calhoun oli yhdysvaltalainen valtiomies, joka toimi uransa aikana senaattorina, sotaministerin\u00E4, ulkoministerin\u00E4 ja varapresidenttin\u00E4. H\u00E4n oli yksi \"suuresta triumviraatista\" yhdess\u00E4 Daniel Websterin ja Henry Clayn kanssa."@fi ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun, f\u00F6dd 18 mars 1782 i Abbeville i Sydkarolina, d\u00F6d 31 mars 1850 i Washington D.C. , var en amerikansk politiker. Han har framf\u00F6r allt g\u00E5tt till historien som en av slaveriets fr\u00E4msta f\u00F6rsvarare. Calhoun var USA:s sjunde och en av tv\u00E5 som tj\u00E4nstgjort som vicepresident f\u00F6r tv\u00E5 presidenter, n\u00E4mligen John Quincy Adams och Andrew Jackson. Calhoun framtr\u00E4dde tidigt som en f\u00F6respr\u00E5kare av utvidgade r\u00E4ttigheter f\u00F6r delstaterna gentemot den federala regeringen. Han h\u00E4vdade bland annat att delstaterna skulle ha en absolut vetor\u00E4tt mot alla federala lagar som de ans\u00E5g strida mot . Calhouns syns\u00E4tt i denna fr\u00E5ga gjorde honom till en viktig f\u00F6rebild f\u00F6r de grupper som ville bryta ut Sydstaterna ur USA. Att han dessutom h\u00E4vdade att slaveriet inte bara var till f\u00F6rdel f\u00F6r samh\u00E4llet utan \u00E4ven f\u00F6r den f\u00F6rslavade individen minskade inte hans popularitet i de kretsar som efterstr\u00E4vade ett Amerikas konfedererade stater. Calhoun uts\u00E5gs efter sju \u00E5r i 1817 till krigsminister av James Monroe och uppr\u00E4tth\u00F6ll tj\u00E4nsten fram till 1824 d\u00E5 han tillfr\u00E5gades om han ville st\u00E4lla upp som Adams vicepresidentkandidat, vilket han accepterade. Fr\u00E5n 1825 till 1829 tj\u00E4nstgjorde Calhoun sin f\u00F6rsta period som vicepresident och fortsatte sedan utan avbrott under Jackson fram till 1832 d\u00E5 han avgick f\u00F6r att i st\u00E4llet kandidera f\u00F6r en plats i som representant f\u00F6r Sydkarolina. Han gjorde ett kort \u00E5terintr\u00E4de som minister 1844\u20131845 d\u00E5 han tj\u00E4nstgjorde som utrikesminister under president John Tyler Som senator framstod Calhoun som den ledande slaverif\u00F6respr\u00E5karen i senaten under 1830- och 1840-talen och intog en omedg\u00F6rlig, n\u00E4stan fanatisk, st\u00E5ndpunkt i fr\u00E5gan. Han motsatte sig h\u00E5rdnackat alla former av abolitionism och arbetade aktivt f\u00F6r att slaveriet skulle inf\u00F6ras \u00E4ven i territorierna. Under sin tid som f\u00F6rsvarsminister grundade Calhoun mot vilja det som sedermera kom att bli den mest korrumperade myndigheten i, Office of Indian Affairs."@sv ,
"\u7EA6\u7FF0\u00B7\u5361\u5FB7\u5A01\u5C14\u00B7\u5361\u5C14\u970D\u6069\uFF08John Caldwell Calhoun\uFF0C1782\u5E743\u670818\u65E5\uFF0D1850\u5E743\u670831\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\uFF0C\u5357\u5361\u7F57\u6765\u7EB3\u5DDE\u4EBA\u3002\u4ED6\u662F19\u4E16\u7EAA\u524D\u534A\u53F6\u6700\u8457\u540D\u7684\u7F8E\u56FD\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002 \u867D\u7136\u5361\u5C14\u970D\u6069\u5728\u7F8E\u56FD\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4E89\u7206\u53D1\u524D\u5341\u5E74\u5C31\u901D\u4E16\u4E86\uFF0C\u4F46\u4ED6\u662F\u540E\u6765\u77ED\u547D\u7684\u7F8E\u5229\u5805\u806F\u76DF\u570B\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u7CBE\u795E\u8BBE\u8BA1\u5E08\u3002\u5361\u5C14\u970D\u6069\u4EAB\u6709\u201C\u94F8\u94C1\u4EBA\u201D\u4E4B\u79F0\uFF0C\u539F\u56E0\u662F\u4ED6\u6BEB\u4E0D\u52A8\u6447\u5730\u575A\u6301\u4ED6\u7684\u4FE1\u4EF0\u3002\u4ED6\u63D0\u51FA\u4E86\u65E0\u6548\u8BBA\u7684\u7406\u8BBA\u3002\u8FD9\u4E2A\u6781\u7AEF\u7406\u8BBA\u7684\u5185\u5BB9\u662F\u4EFB\u4F55\u5DDE\u5728\u8BA4\u4E3A\u4EFB\u4F55\u8054\u90A6\u6CD5\u5F8B\u8FDD\u53CD\u5BAA\u6CD5\u7684\u8BDD\u53EF\u4EE5\u5BA3\u79F0\u8FD9\u4E2A\u6CD5\u5F8B\u65E0\u6548\u3002\u4ED6\u662F\u5974\u96B6\u5236\u7684\u5F3A\u70C8\u652F\u6301\u8005\u3002\u4ED6\u7EF4\u62A4\u5974\u96B6\u5236\uFF0C\u8BF4\u5974\u96B6\u5236\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u201C\u6B63\u5F53\u7684\u8D22\u4EA7\u201D\uFF0C\u800C\u4E0D\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u5FC5\u8981\u7684\u574F\u4E8B\u3002\u4ED6\u5BF9\u5974\u96B6\u5236\u7684\u5F3A\u70C8\u7EF4\u62A4\u662F\u5357\u65B9\u9488\u5BF9\u5317\u65B9\u4E0D\u65AD\u589E\u5F3A\u7684\u53CD\u5974\u96B6\u5236\u6001\u5EA6\u5F00\u59CB\u5A01\u80C1\u9000\u51FA\u8054\u90A6\u7684\u56E0\u7D20\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002 \u5361\u5C14\u970D\u6069\u7684\u8FD9\u4E2A\u9057\u4EA7\u4F7F\u5F97\u4ED6\u4E0E\u5357\u65B9\u53CD\u53DB\u606F\u606F\u76F8\u8FDE\u3002\u4F46\u662F\u5361\u5C14\u970D\u6069\u751F\u524D\u5374\u59CB\u7EC8\u4E3A\u8054\u90A6\u653F\u5E9C\u670D\u52A1\u3002\u4ED6\u5728\u534E\u76DB\u987F\u54E5\u4F26\u6BD4\u4E9A\u7279\u533A\u4EFB\u591A\u4E2A\u9AD8\u804C\u3002\u4ED6\u662F\u7B2C\u4E03\u4EFB\u7F8E\u56FD\u526F\u603B\u7EDF\uFF1A\u9996\u5148\u4EFB\u7EA6\u7FF0\u00B7\u6606\u897F\u00B7\u4E9A\u5F53\u65AF\uFF081825\u5E74\u81F31829\u5E74\uFF09\u3001\u540E\u6765\u4EFB\u5B89\u5FB7\u9C81\u00B7\u6770\u514B\u900A\uFF08\u4ECE1829\u5E74\u81F31832\u5E74\uFF09\u7684\u526F\u603B\u7EDF\u30021832\u5E74\u8F9E\u804C\u540E\u4EFB\u7F8E\u56FD\u53C2\u8BAE\u9662\u8BAE\u5458\uFF0C\u5728\u53C2\u8BAE\u9662\u91CC\u4ED6\u7684\u52BF\u529B\u66F4\u52A0\u52A0\u5F3A\u3002\u4ECE1810\u5E74\u52301817\u5E74\u4ED6\u8FD8\u66FE\u4EFB\u7F8E\u56FD\u4F17\u8BAE\u9662\u8BAE\u5458\uFF0C\u4ECE1817\u5E74\u52301824\u5E74\u7F8E\u56FD\u6218\u4E89\u90E8\u90E8\u957F\uFF0C\u4ECE1844\u5E74\u52301845\u5E74\u7F8E\u56FD\u56FD\u52A1\u537F\u3002"@zh ,
"\u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D \u041A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u0432\u0435\u043B\u043B \u041A\u044D\u043B\u0445\u0443\u043D \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043B\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u044E\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043B\u043E\u0431\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043E\u0432 \u0432 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0446\u0435-\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445, \u0443\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043E\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043A\u0443. \u0415\u0433\u043E \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044C \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u044E\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u041A\u0428\u0410."@ru ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun foi um importante pol\u00EDtico e fil\u00F3sofo pol\u00EDtico da Carolina do Sul, nos Estados Unidos da Am\u00E9rica, na primeira metade do s\u00E9culo XIX. Al\u00E9m de ter sido Vice-presidente dos Estados Unidos da Am\u00E9rica sob as presid\u00EAncias de John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) e de Andrew Jackson (1829-1832), \u00E9 conhecido pela defesa da escravid\u00E3o, causa que levou os Estados Unidos \u00E0 Guerra da Secess\u00E3o uma d\u00E9cada ap\u00F3s sua morte. Foi ainda Secret\u00E1rio de Estado."@pt ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 \u2013 March 31, 1850) was the 7th Vice President of the United States and a leading Southern politician from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. Calhoun was an advocate of slavery, states' rights, limited government, and nullification. He was the second man to serve as Vice President under two administrations,; the first Vice President to have been born after the American Revolution; and the first Vice President to resign from office. Calhoun briefly served in the South Carolina legislature. There he wrote legislation making South Carolina the first state to adopt universal suffrage for white men. Although Calhoun died nearly 11 years before the start of the American Civil War, he was an advocate of secession. Nicknamed the \"cast-iron man\" for his determination to defend the causes in which he believed, Calhoun supported state's rights and nullification, under which states could declare null and void federal laws which they deemed to be unconstitutional. He was an outspoken proponent of the institution of slavery, which he famously defended as a \"positive good\" rather than as a \"necessary evil\". His rhetorical defense of slavery was partially responsible for escalating Southern threats of secession in the face of mounting abolitionist sentiment in the North. Calhoun was one of the \"Great Triumvirate\" or the \"Immortal Trio\" of statesmen, along with his Congressional colleagues Daniel Webster and Henry Clay. Calhoun served in the House of Representatives (1810\u20131817) and the United States Senate (1832-1843). He was appointed Secretary of War (1817\u20131824) under James Monroe and Secretary of State (1844\u20131845) under John Tyler."@en ;
rdfs:comment "John Caldwell Calhoun fue un l\u00EDder pol\u00EDtico de los estados del sur de los Estados Unidos, un destacado fil\u00F3sofo pol\u00EDtico de la primera mitad del siglo XIX y uno de los principales actores en las grandes disputas pol\u00EDticas en su pa\u00EDs. En estas disputas desempe\u00F1\u00F3 un destacado papel como vocero y defensor de la esclavitud, de la nullification y la de los derechos electorales de las minor\u00EDas, especialmente de grupos como los due\u00F1os de esclavos."@es ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 \u2013 March 31, 1850) was the 7th Vice President of the United States and a leading Southern politician from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. Calhoun was an advocate of slavery, states' rights, limited government, and nullification. He was the second man to serve as Vice President under two administrations,; the first Vice President to have been born after the American Revolution; and the first Vice President to resign from office."@en ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun foi um importante pol\u00EDtico e fil\u00F3sofo pol\u00EDtico da Carolina do Sul, nos Estados Unidos da Am\u00E9rica, na primeira metade do s\u00E9culo XIX. Al\u00E9m de ter sido Vice-presidente dos Estados Unidos da Am\u00E9rica sob as presid\u00EAncias de John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) e de Andrew Jackson (1829-1832), \u00E9 conhecido pela defesa da escravid\u00E3o, causa que levou os Estados Unidos \u00E0 Guerra da Secess\u00E3o uma d\u00E9cada ap\u00F3s sua morte. Foi ainda Secret\u00E1rio de Estado."@pt ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun, f\u00F6dd 18 mars 1782 i Abbeville i Sydkarolina, d\u00F6d 31 mars 1850 i Washington D.C. , var en amerikansk politiker. Han har framf\u00F6r allt g\u00E5tt till historien som en av slaveriets fr\u00E4msta f\u00F6rsvarare. Calhoun var USA:s sjunde och en av tv\u00E5 som tj\u00E4nstgjort som vicepresident f\u00F6r tv\u00E5 presidenter, n\u00E4mligen John Quincy Adams och Andrew Jackson. Calhoun framtr\u00E4dde tidigt som en f\u00F6respr\u00E5kare av utvidgade r\u00E4ttigheter f\u00F6r delstaterna gentemot den federala regeringen."@sv ,
"\u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D \u041A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u0432\u0435\u043B\u043B \u041A\u044D\u043B\u0445\u0443\u043D \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043B\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u044E\u0436\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043B\u043E\u0431\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043E\u0432 \u0432 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435."@ru ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun a fost un om politic \u015Fi filosof din Carolina de Sud, SUA din prima jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea."@ro ,
""@zh ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun est un important politicien am\u00E9ricain durant la premi\u00E8re moiti\u00E9 du moiti\u00E9 du XIX si\u00E8cle. Il est le premier vice-pr\u00E9sident des \u00C9tats-Unis d'Am\u00E9rique \u00E0 \u00EAtre n\u00E9 apr\u00E8s l'ind\u00E9pendance am\u00E9ricaine, donc citoyen am\u00E9ricain."@fr ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun \u2013 polityk ameryka\u0144ski, dzia\u0142acz Partii Demokratyczno-Republika\u0144skiej, 7. wiceprezydent Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych. W latach 1817-1825 by\u0142 sekretarzem wojny w administracji prezydenta Jamesa Monroe, nast\u0119pnie wiceprezydentem przy prezydentach Johnie Quincy Adamsie i Andrew Jacksonie; 28 grudnia 1832 by\u0142 pierwszym wiceprezydentem USA w historii, kt\u00F3ry sam zrezygnowa\u0142 z pe\u0142nionej funkcji, gdy zosta\u0142 senatorem z rodzinnego stanu Karolina Po\u0142udniowa."@pl ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun var en ledende s\u00F8rstatspolitiker og politisk filosof fra South Carolina, USA. Han var best kjent som talsmann for slaveri, og hans id\u00E9er f\u00F8rte til den amerikanske borgerkrigen et ti\u00E5r etter hans d\u00F8d. Calhoun hadde flere toppolitiske verv i USA i l\u00F8pet av sin karriere. Han satt i Representantenes hus i Kongressen fra 1810 fram til 1817, da han ble landets krigsminister (forl\u00F8peren til dagens forsvarsminister) under president Monroe."@no ,
"John C. Calhoun oli yhdysvaltalainen valtiomies, joka toimi uransa aikana senaattorina, sotaministerin\u00E4, ulkoministerin\u00E4 ja varapresidenttin\u00E4. H\u00E4n oli yksi \"suuresta triumviraatista\" yhdess\u00E4 Daniel Websterin ja Henry Clayn kanssa."@fi ,
""@ja ,
"Fu Vice Presidente sotto la presidenza di John Quincy Adams e di Andrew Jackson dal 1825 al 1832 quando si dimise per entrare in Senato."@it ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun war der 7. Vizepr\u00E4sident der Vereinigten Staaten von 1825 bis 1832 unter den Pr\u00E4sidenten John Quincy Adams und Andrew Jackson und langj\u00E4hriger Senator. Calhoun absolvierte - mit Unterbrechungen - ein Studium der Rechtswissenschaften. Nach der Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt im Jahr 1807 begann er neben der T\u00E4tigkeit auf dem landwirtschaftlichen Anwesen der Familie in Abbeville zu praktizieren."@de ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun byl ji\u017Eansk\u00FD politik z Ji\u017En\u00ED Karol\u00EDny. Byl 7. viceprezident USA v administrativ\u011B prezident\u016F J. Q. Adamse a A. Jacksona. V roce 1832 se jako prvn\u00ED viceprezident v historii vzdal sv\u00E9ho \u00FA\u0159adu, nebo\u0165 dosp\u011Bl k n\u00E1zoru, \u017Ee jako sen\u00E1tor bude m\u00EDt mnohem v\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED pozici."@cs ,
"John Caldwell Calhoun afkomstig uit South Carolina was een vooraanstaande Amerikaanse politicus uit het Zuiden. Van 1817-1825 was hij minister van Defensie (Oorlog) onder James Monroe. Hij was van 1825-1829 vicepresident onder president John Quincy Adams en aansluitend van 1829-1832 vicepresident onder Andrew Jackson. Ook was hij kort minister van Buitenlandse zaken (1844-1845) onder president John Tyler."@nl ,
"\u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D \u041A\u043E\u043B\u0434\u0432\u0435\u043B\u043B \u041A\u0435\u043B\u0445\u0443\u043D \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448 \u0432\u043F\u043B\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0438\u0446\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u043B\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0457\u0445\u043D\u0456\u0445 \u0456\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0443\u0440\u044F\u0434\u0456."@uk ;
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dbpprop:date "August 2009"@en ;
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