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dbpprop:abstract "John Archibald Campbell was an American jurist. Campbell was born near Washington, Georgia, to Col. Duncan Greene Campbell (for whom the now-defunct Campbell County, Georgia was named). Considered a child prodigy, he graduated from the University of Georgia in 1825 at the age of 14, and immediately enrolled at the United States Military Academy for three years and would have graduated in 1830, but withdrew upon the death of his father and returned home to Georgia. He read law with former Georgia governor John Clark, and was admitted to the bar in 1829, at the age of 18 (this required a special act of the Georgia legislature). Campbell later moved to Alabama, establishing a practice in Montgomery. There he married Anne Goldthwaite and, in 1836, was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives. In 1839 he moved to Mobile and resumed private practice, but was elected again to the state legislature in 1843. Campbell was twice offered appointment to the Alabama Supreme Court, but declined on both occasions. In 1852 the death of John McKinley created a vacancy on the Supreme Court. President Millard Fillmore, a Whig, made three nominations to fill the vacancy, all of whom were denied confirmation by the Democratic-controlled Senate. After the election of Franklin Pierce, a Democrat, a group of sitting Supreme Court justices approached Pierce to recommend Campbell as a nominee; this is one of the few times sitting justices have made recommendations for new nominations. Pierce, who was hoping to stave off insurrection by appeasing the South, agreed to nominate the Alabaman Campbell, and he was approved by the Senate in March 1853. Campbell strongly opposed secession, and in early 1861 served as a mediator between William H. Seward, Simon Cameron, and the three Confederate commissioners Martin Crawford, Andre Roman, and John Forsyth, Jr.. Campbell had been instructed that the Lincoln administration's policy was for peace and reconciliation, not war, but during the meetings Campbell learned that the U.S. government was reinforcing Fort Sumter and had requested 75,000 volunteers, and Campbell decided that he had been lied to. Facing this, Campbell resigned from the Court on April 30, 1861, and returned to Alabama. A year later he was named Assistant Secretary of War by Confederate president Jefferson Davis, a position he held through the end of the war. After the fall of Richmond in 1865, Campbell was arrested and imprisoned at Fort Pulaski, in Georgia, for six months. After his release, he was reconciled and resumed his law practice in New Orleans, Louisiana. In this private practice he argued a number of cases before the U.S. Supreme Court including the Slaughterhouse Cases and a number of other cases designed to obstruct Radical Reconstruction in the South. Campbell served only eight years on the Supreme Court, though he remained in good health until his death in 1889 and could have served on the court for many years had the Civil War not intervened. He was regarded as a brilliant jurist."@en ,
"Figlio del Col. Duncan Greene Campbell (da cui prende il nome Campbell County, Georgia) e di Mary Williamson, nacque nella Wilkes County, Georgia il 24 giugno 1811. Bimbo prodigio, entr\u00F2 al Franklin College in Athens, Clarke County, Georgia all'et\u00E0 di 11 anni e si laure\u00F2 primo della sua classe nel 1826. Trascorse poi due anni come cadetto nell'Accademia Militare degli Stati Uniti a West Point, Orange County, New York, ma dovette rassegnare le dimissioni per prendersi cura della sua famiglia dopo la morte del padre. Studi\u00F2 legge sotto l'ex Governatore della Georgia John Clark e fu ammesso all'Ordine degli Avvocati con un atto speciale del Parlamento della Georgia nel 1829, considerato che aveva soltanto 18 anni. Si trasfer\u00EC poi a Montgomery, Contea di Montgomery, Alabama e spos\u00F2 Anne Esther Goldwaithe il 30 dicembre 1830. La sua conoscenza della material giuridica gli procur\u00F2 per tutta la vita notoriet\u00E0 e riconoscimenti. Nel 1836 fu eletto alla Casa dei Rappresntanti dell'Alabama e fu presidente del Comitato Bancario. Alla scadenza del mandato si trasfer\u00EC a Mobile, Contea di Mobile, Alabama. Gli furono offerte le cariche di Segretario dell'Ambasciata in Gran Bretagna dal Presidente U.S. Andrew Jackson e Giudice della Corte Suprema dell'Alabama dal Governatore Clement Comer Clay, ma egli le declin\u00F2 ambedue. Fu rieletto al Palamento dell'Alabama nel 1846 e fu Delegato alla Convenzione degli Stati del Sud a Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee (03-12 giugno 1850). Nel 1852 declin\u00F2 nuovamente l'incarico alla Corte Suprema dell'Alabama. L'anno successivo accett\u00F2 l'incarico di Giudice Associato della Corte Suprema degli Stati Uniti, offertogli lal Presidente U.S. Franklin Pierce ed unanimemente confermato dal Senato degli Stati Uniti. Noto come pensatore conservatore e fortemente fiducioso nel compromesso, sper\u00F2 che la secessione potesse essere evitata. Per questi motivi divenne mediatore fra il Segretario di Stato di Lincoln, William Henry Seward, ed i Commissari Confederati Martin Jenkins Crawford, John Forsyth ed Andr\u00E9 Bienvenu Roman nel marzo ed aprile 1861. Seward disse a Campbell che la politica dell'Amministrazione Lincoln era di pace e che egli avrebbe dovuto persuadere i Commissari Confederati ad aver piena fiducia nel governo U.S.. Ma mentre egli stava assicurando questa promessa i federali stavano organizzando una manovra di forza per rinforzare Fort Sumter e indurre il Sud ad aprire per primo le ostilit\u00E0. La successiva richiesta di 75.000 volontari per invadere il Sud fatta da Lincoln fu per Campbell conferma sufficiente che lui e la Confederazione erano stati ingannato con disonest\u00E0. Egli si dimise dal suo seggio il 30 aprile 1861 e torn\u00F2 a casa in Alabama. Il Presidente Jefferson Davis lo nomin\u00F2 Assistente Segretario del Dipartimento della Guerra il 21 ottobre 1862, una posizione che egli tenne con capacit\u00E0 fino alla fine della guerra. Il 3 febbraio 1865, con il Senatore Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter ed il Vice Presidente Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Campbell fu membro della fallita Conferenza di Pace di Hampton Roads. Dopo la caduta di Richmond fu arrestato il 22 maggio 1865 ed imprigionato con Hunter, James Alexander Seddon e George Alfred Trenholm a Fort Pulaski, nei pressi di Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia. Dopo il suo rilascio l'11 ottobre 1865 riprese la sua attivit\u00E0 legale a New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana e dovette trattare molti casi proprio davanti alla stessa Suprema Corte U.S. della quale era stato membro. Campbell mor\u00EC a Baltimora il 12 marzo 1889 ed \u00E8 sepolto nel cimitero di Green Mount."@it ;
rdfs:comment "John Archibald Campbell was an American jurist. Campbell was born near Washington, Georgia, to Col. Duncan Greene Campbell (for whom the now-defunct Campbell County, Georgia was named). Considered a child prodigy, he graduated from the University of Georgia in 1825 at the age of 14, and immediately enrolled at the United States Military Academy for three years and would have graduated in 1830, but withdrew upon the death of his father and returned home to Georgia."@en ,
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