@prefix rdf: . @prefix dbpedia: . @prefix ns2: . dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen rdf:type ns2:Anthropologists , ns2:SwissSociologists , ns2:German-languagePhilosophers . @prefix dbpedia-owl: . dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen rdf:type dbpedia-owl:Scientist , ns2:SwissAnthropologists , dbpedia-owl:Person . @prefix owl: . dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen rdf:type owl:Thing . @prefix ns5: . dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen ns5:birthPlace , dbpedia:December_22 ; ns5:deathPlace , dbpedia:November_25 ; owl:sameAs . @prefix foaf: . @prefix ns7: . dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen foaf:page ns7:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen . @prefix dbpprop: . dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen dbpprop:reference . @prefix rdfs: . dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen rdfs:label "Johann Jakob Bachofen"@it , "\u0411\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0444\u0435\u043D, \u0418\u043E\u0433\u0430\u043D\u043D \u042F\u043A\u043E\u0431"@ru , "Johann Jakob Bachofen"@pl , "Johann Jakob Bachofen"@de , "J\u30FBJ\u30FB\u30D0\u30C3\u30CF\u30AA\u30FC\u30D5\u30A7\u30F3"@ja , "Johann Jakob Bachofen"@no , "Johann Jakob Bachofen"@fr , "Johann Jakob Bachofen"@sv , "Johann Jakob Bachofen"@en , "Johann Jakob Bachofen"@es , "Johann Jakob Bachofen"@cs ; dbpedia-owl:thumbnail ; dbpedia-owl:birthDate "Johann Jacob Bachofen.jpg" ; dbpedia-owl:birthPlace , dbpedia:December_22 ; dbpedia-owl:deathPlace dbpedia:November_25 , ; ns5:nationality dbpedia:Switzerland ; dbpprop:abstract "Johann Jakob Bachofen \u2013 szwajcarski prawnik i badacz staro\u017Cytno\u015Bci. W 1841 roku zosta\u0142 profesorem prawa rzymskiego na Uniwersytecie Bazylejskim, w 1844 roku zosta\u0142 powo\u0142any na urz\u0105d radcy apelacyjnego. Znany przede wszystkim jako odkrywca matriarchatu \u2013 badaj\u0105c greckie i egipskie mity i symbole, stwierdzi\u0142 \u017Ce patriarchalna struktura spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa nie istnia\u0142a zawsze. W swym g\u0142\u00F3wnym dziele pt. Das Mutterrecht. Eine Untersuchung \u00FCber die Gynaikokratie der alten Welt nach ihrer religi\u00F6sen und rechtlichen Natur Bachofen opisa\u0142 poprzedzaj\u0105ce dzisiejsze spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwo matriarchalne, w kt\u00F3rym g\u0142ow\u0105 rodziny by\u0142a matka. Decyduj\u0105c\u0105 role odgrywa\u0142 w tym fakt, i\u017C zawsze mo\u017Cna w spos\u00F3b jednoznaczny stwierdzi\u0107, kto jest matk\u0105 dziecka \u2013 fakt ojcostwa nie jest ju\u017C taki pewny. A zatem w owym pierwotnym spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwie matriarchalnym to matka by\u0142a postaci\u0105, do kt\u00F3rej prowadzi\u0142y wszystkie szlaki \u017Cycia spo\u0142ecznego, ekonomicznego, kulturalnego i religijnego \u2013 z tego wzgl\u0119du by\u0142a te\u017C fundamentem \u0142adu spo\u0142ecznego; oddawano jej cze\u015B\u0107 jako \u017Cyciodajnej bogini. Bachofen przypuszcza\u0142, \u017Ce faz\u0119 matriarchaln\u0105 poprzedza\u0142a mniej cywilizowana faza heteryzmu, ugruntowana na naturalnej produktywno\u015Bci kobiety \u2013 epoka nieznaj\u0105ca instytucji ma\u0142\u017Ce\u0144stwa ani prawa. A zatem matriarchat stanowi epok\u0119 pomi\u0119dzy najni\u017Csz\u0105 form\u0105 kultury i patriarchatem, kt\u00F3ry ostatecznie zatryumfowa\u0142, w miar\u0119, jak odkrywano coraz lepsze metody stwierdzania ojcostwa. Zdaniem Bachofena, w fazie patriarchalnej g\u0142\u00F3wn\u0105 postaci\u0105 \u017Cycia spo\u0142ecznego by\u0142 ojciec reprezentuj\u0105cy zasady prawa, rozumu, sumienia oraz hieratycznej organizacji spo\u0142ecznej, wypieraj\u0105cej warto\u015Bci typowo matriarchalne, takie jak wolno\u015B\u0107, r\u00F3wno\u015B\u0107 i mi\u0142o\u015B\u0107. Bachofen powi\u0105za\u0142 form\u0119 produkcji z forma \u0142adu spo\u0142ecznego, dowodz\u0105c, i\u017C po epoce zorganizowanych patriarchalnie spo\u0142ecze\u0144stw my\u015Bliwych i zbieraczy kobiety znowu zdoby\u0142y wi\u0119ksze znaczenie dzi\u0119ki wytw\u00F3rczo\u015Bci domowej, a zatem \u017Ce matriarchat powr\u00F3ci\u0142. Po epoce zapomnienia Bachofena i jego dzie\u0142o odkry\u0142 Ludwig Klages. Idee Bachofena wywar\u0142y wp\u0142yw na takich my\u015Blicieli i pisarzy, jak: Lewis Henry Morgan, Friedrich Engels, Thomas Mann, Jane Ellen Harrison, Erich Fromm, Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Joseph Campbell, Otto Gross, Julius Evola, Walter Benjamin. Johann Jakob Bachofen zosta\u0142 pochowany na cmentarzu Wolfgottesacker, jednej z wa\u017Cniejszych nekropolii w Bazylei, obok takich osobowo\u015Bci jak historyk Rudolf Wackernagel (1855-1925), malarz Ernst St\u00FCckelberg (1831-1903) czy rektor oraz profesor Uniwersytetu Bazylejskiego Carl Gustav Jung (senior)."@pl , "Johann Jakob Bachofen var en sveitsisk rettshistoriker og professor, mest kjent for \u00E5 ha skapt begrepene matriarkat og gynaikokrati."@no , "\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Johann Jacob Bachofen. jpg J\u30FBJ\u30FB\u30D0\u30C3\u30CF\u30AA\u30FC\u30D5\u30A7\u30F3 J\u30FBJ\u30FB\u30D0\u30C3\u30CF\u30AA\u30FC\u30D5\u30A7\u30F3\uFF08Johann Jakob Bachofen\u30011815\u5E7412\u670822\u65E5 - 1887\u5E7411\u670825\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u30B5\u30F4\u30A3\u30CB\u30FC\u306B\u5F37\u304F\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u305F\u6B74\u53F2\u6CD5\u5B66\u6D3E\u306E\u4E00\u54E1\u3002 \u672C\u696D\u306F\u6CD5\u5B66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u53E4\u4EE3\u6CD5\u306E\u7814\u7A76\u3092\u901A\u3057\u3066\u53E4\u4EE3\u793E\u4F1A\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306E\u9020\u8A63\u3092\u6DF1\u3081\u3001\u3053\u308C\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306B\u3057\u305F\u8457\u4F5C\u3092\u767A\u8868\u3057\u3066\u6587\u5316\u4EBA\u985E\u5B66\u306B\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u305F\u3002\u7279\u306B\u3001\u53E4\u4EE3\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u306F\u5A5A\u59FB\u306B\u3088\u308B\u592B\u5A66\u95A2\u4FC2\u306F\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u3068\u3059\u308B\u4E71\u5A5A\u5236\u8AD6\u3084\u3001\u6BCD\u6A29\u5236\u8AD6\u3092\u8AAC\u3044\u305F\u3002"@ja , "Johann Jakob Bachofen byl \u0161v\u00FDcarsk\u00FD pr\u00E1vn\u00EDk (zakladatel pr\u00E1vn\u00ED komparatistiky) a historik n\u00E1bo\u017Eenstv\u00ED."@cs , "Johann Jakob Bachofen, n\u00E9 \u00E0 B\u00E2le le 22 d\u00E9cembre 1815, mort le 25 novembre 1887, \u00E9tait un juriste, philologue et sociologue suisse, th\u00E9oricien du matriarcat."@fr , "Johann Jakob Bachofen (1815 – 1887) was a Swiss anthropologist and sociologist, who is most often connected with his research into the matriarchal clans around which primates evolved into hominids, or Mutterrecht, the title of his seminal 1861 book Mother Right: An Investigation of the Religious and Juridical Character of Matriarchy in the Ancient World. This presented a radically new view of the role of women in a broad range of ancient societies. Bachofen assembled documentation demonstrating that motherhood is the source of human society, religion, morality, and decorum and he drew upon Lycia, Crete, Greece, Egypt, India, Central Asia, North Africa, and Spain. He concluded the work by connecting archaic mother right with the Christian veneration of the Virgin Mary. Bachofen's conclusions about archaic matriarchy still echo today. There was little initial reaction to Bachofen\u2019s theory of cultural evolution, largely because of his impenetrable literary style, but eventually, as well as furious criticism, the book inspired several generations of ethnologists, social philosophers, and even writers: Lewis Henry Morgan, Friedrich Engels, who drew on Bachofen for Origins of the Family, Private Property, and the State, Thomas Mann, Jane Ellen Harrison, who was inspired by Bachofen to devote her career to mythology, Walter Benjamin, Erich Fromm, Robert Graves, Rainer Maria Rilke, Joseph Campbell, Otto Gross and opponents such as Julius Evola. Friedrich Engels analysed Bachofen's views as follows: \"(1) That originally man lived in a state of sexual promiscuity, to describe which Bachofen uses the mistaken term \"hetaerism\"; (2) that such promiscuity excludes any certainty of paternity, and that descent could therefore be reckoned only in the female line, according to mother-right, and that this was originally the case amongst all the peoples of antiquity; (3) that since women, as mothers, were the only parents of the younger generation that were known with certainty, they held a position of such high respect and honor that it became the foundation, in Bachofen's conception, of a regular rule of women (gynaecocracy); (4) that the transition to monogamy, where the woman belonged to one man exclusively, involved a violation of a primitive religious law (that is, actually a violation of the traditional right of the other men to this woman), and that in order to expiate this violation or to purchase indulgence for it the woman had to surrender herself for a limited period. \" Though Bachofen applied evolutionary theories to the development of culture in a manner that is no longer considered valid, and though modern archaeology and literary analysis have invalidated many details of his historical conclusions, the origins of all modern studies of the role of women in classical antiquity begin with Bachofen, extending him, correcting him, denying his conclusions. Bachofen proposed four phases of cultural evolution which absorbed each other: 1) Hetairism. A wild nomadic 'tellurian' phase, characterised by him as communistic and polyamourous. Whose dominant deity he believed to have been an earthy proto Aphrodite. 2) Das Mutterecht. A matriarchal 'lunar' phase based on agriculture, characterised by him by the emergence of chthonic mystery cults and law. Whose dominant deity was an early Demeter according to Bachofen. 3) The Dionysian. A transitional phase when earlier traditions were masculinised as patriarchy began to emerge. Whose dominant deity was the original Dionysos. 4) The Apollonian. The patriarchal 'solar' phase, in which all trace of the Matriarchal and Dionysian past was eradicated and modern civilisation emerged. While based on an imaginative interpretation of the existing archeological evidence of his time, this model tells us as much about Bachofen's own time as it does the past. A selection of Bachofen's writings was translated as Myth, Religion and Mother Right (1967). A fuller edited English edition in several volumes is being published. As has been noted by Joseph Campbell [Occidental Mythology] and others, Bachofen's theories stand in radical opposition to the Aryan origin theories of religion, culture and society, and both Campbell and writers such as Evola have suggested that Bachofen's theories only adequately explain the development of religion among the pre-Aryan cultures of the Mediterranean and the Levant, and possibly Southern Asia, but that a separate, patriarchal development existed among the Aryan tribes which conquered Europe and Asia."@en , "Johann Jakob Bachofen war ein Schweizer Jurist und Altertumsforscher, dessen Werk Das Mutterrecht als Ursprung moderner Theorien zum Matriarchat gilt."@de , "Johann Jakob Bachofen fue un jurista, antrop\u00F3logo, soci\u00F3logo y fil\u00F3logo suizo, te\u00F3rico del matriarcado."@es , "\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B:Johann Jacob Bachofen. jpg \u0418. \u0411\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0444\u0435\u043D \u0418\u043E\u0433\u0430\u043D\u043D \u042F\u043A\u043E\u0431 \u0411\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0444\u0435\u043D (\u043D\u0435\u043C. Johann Jakob Bachofen) \u2014 \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0439, \u044D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444, \u044E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434. \u0412\u043D\u0451\u0441 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044E \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438 \u043E \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0441\u0435\u043C\u044C\u0435. \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043B \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E."@ru , "Johann Jakob Bachofen, f\u00F6dd 22 december 1815 i Basel, d\u00F6d 25 november 1887, schweizisk r\u00E4ttshistoriker, professor i Basel 1841-43, mest k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r myntandet av termerna matriarkat och gynaikokrati. Genom verk som Das Mutterrecht (1861) blev han en av banbrytarna f\u00F6r den j\u00E4mf\u00F6rande r\u00E4ttsvetenskapen. Han har vidare utgett artiklar i romersk r\u00E4tt och fornkunskap, s\u00E4rskilt om gravsymbolik och sl\u00E4ktskap. I Das Mutterrecht h\u00E4vdar han att det funnits andra r\u00E4ttssystem f\u00F6re den patriarkala ordningen. Den f\u00F6rsta ordningen \u00E4r acefalisk, orgiastisk och het\u00E4risk kultur. Bachofen, som betraktade m\u00E4nniskans samh\u00E4llen som evolution\u00E4ra, ans\u00E5g att m\u00E4nniskorna i begynnelsen levt i klaner styrda av kvinnor. Hans bel\u00E4gg f\u00F6r detta var de m\u00E5nga gamla myter som uppvisade en kvinnosyn starkt skild fr\u00E5n senare tiders uppfattning om kvinnans st\u00E4llning. Han fick en relativt stark st\u00E4llning inom marxismen p.g.a. Friedrich Engels' bok Familjens, privategendomens och statens ursprung. Teorierna fick mothugg bl.a. av Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, Otto Schrader och Hermann Hirt som pekade p\u00E5 att den indoeuropeiska kulturen hade varit patriarkal. Numera anses hans teorier sakna empirisk grund och \u00E4r d\u00E4rf\u00F6r i stort sett vederlagda (m\u00E5nga s\u00E5 kallade ursprungsbefolkningar anses dock fortfarande tillh\u00F6ra de mest j\u00E4mst\u00E4llda samh\u00E4llena som existerar). Bachofen var dock en av de f\u00F6rsta som betraktade kvinnans st\u00E4llning i historien och den feministiska historieskrivningen kan i n\u00E5gon m\u00E5n h\u00E4rledas tillbaka till honom."@sv ; rdfs:comment "Johann Jakob Bachofen (1815 – 1887) was a Swiss anthropologist and sociologist, who is most often connected with his research into the matriarchal clans around which primates evolved into hominids, or Mutterrecht, the title of his seminal 1861 book Mother Right: An Investigation of the Religious and Juridical Character of Matriarchy in the Ancient World. This presented a radically new view of the role of women in a broad range of ancient societies."@en , "\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Johann Jacob Bachofen."@ja , "Johann Jakob Bachofen var en sveitsisk rettshistoriker og professor, mest kjent for \u00E5 ha skapt begrepene matriarkat og gynaikokrati."@no , "Johann Jakob Bachofen fue un jurista, antrop\u00F3logo, soci\u00F3logo y fil\u00F3logo suizo, te\u00F3rico del matriarcado."@es , "Johann Jakob Bachofen byl \u0161v\u00FDcarsk\u00FD pr\u00E1vn\u00EDk (zakladatel pr\u00E1vn\u00ED komparatistiky) a historik n\u00E1bo\u017Eenstv\u00ED."@cs , "\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B:Johann Jacob Bachofen. jpg \u0418. \u0411\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0444\u0435\u043D \u0418\u043E\u0433\u0430\u043D\u043D \u042F\u043A\u043E\u0431 \u0411\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0444\u0435\u043D (\u043D\u0435\u043C. Johann Jakob Bachofen) \u2014 \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0439, \u044D\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444, \u044E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434. \u0412\u043D\u0451\u0441 \u043A\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044E \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438 \u043E \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0441\u0435\u043C\u044C\u0435. \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043B \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E."@ru , "Johann Jakob Bachofen, f\u00F6dd 22 december 1815 i Basel, d\u00F6d 25 november 1887, schweizisk r\u00E4ttshistoriker, professor i Basel 1841-43, mest k\u00E4nd f\u00F6r myntandet av termerna matriarkat och gynaikokrati. Genom verk som Das Mutterrecht (1861) blev han en av banbrytarna f\u00F6r den j\u00E4mf\u00F6rande r\u00E4ttsvetenskapen. Han har vidare utgett artiklar i romersk r\u00E4tt och fornkunskap, s\u00E4rskilt om gravsymbolik och sl\u00E4ktskap."@sv , "Johann Jakob Bachofen \u2013 szwajcarski prawnik i badacz staro\u017Cytno\u015Bci. W 1841 roku zosta\u0142 profesorem prawa rzymskiego na Uniwersytecie Bazylejskim, w 1844 roku zosta\u0142 powo\u0142any na urz\u0105d radcy apelacyjnego. Znany przede wszystkim jako odkrywca matriarchatu \u2013 badaj\u0105c greckie i egipskie mity i symbole, stwierdzi\u0142 \u017Ce patriarchalna struktura spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa nie istnia\u0142a zawsze. W swym g\u0142\u00F3wnym dziele pt. Das Mutterrecht."@pl , "Johann Jakob Bachofen, n\u00E9 \u00E0 B\u00E2le le 22 d\u00E9cembre 1815, mort le 25 novembre 1887, \u00E9tait un juriste, philologue et sociologue suisse, th\u00E9oricien du matriarcat."@fr , "Johann Jakob Bachofen war ein Schweizer Jurist und Altertumsforscher, dessen Werk Das Mutterrecht als Ursprung moderner Theorien zum Matriarchat gilt."@de ; foaf:depiction ; dbpedia-owl:nationality dbpedia:Switzerland . @prefix skos: . @prefix ns11: . dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen skos:subject ns11:Swiss_anthropologists , , , ns11:German-language_philosophers , ns11:Matriarchy , ns11:Men_and_feminism , ns11:Swiss_sociologists . @prefix ns12: . dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen dbpprop:wikiPageUsesTemplate ns12:infobox_scientist ; dbpprop:nationality dbpedia:Switzerland ; dbpprop:imageSize "150px"@en ; dbpprop:field dbpedia:Anthropology ; dbpprop:dateOfBirth "Johann Jacob Bachofen.jpg"@en . @prefix ns13: . dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen dbpprop:hasPhotoCollection ns13:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen ; ns5:individualisedPnd "118505645" . dbpedia:Johann_Bachofen dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen . dbpedia:Walter_Benjamin dbpedia-owl:influencedBy dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen ; ns5:influencedBy dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen ; dbpprop:influences dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen . dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen . dbpedia:Bachofen dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen . dbpedia:Johan_Bachofen dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen . @prefix yago: . yago:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen owl:sameAs dbpedia:Johann_Jakob_Bachofen .