"Articles related to James Madison"@en . . "162.56"^^ . . . . . "James Madison (1751ko martxoaren 16a - 1836ko ekainaren 28a), Estatu Batuetako laugarren presidentea (1809 - 1817) izan zen. Konstituzioaren aitatzat jotzen da, agiriaren autore nagusia izan baitzen. Konstituzioaren lehenengo 10 zuzenketen arduraduna izan zen (Bill of Rights). Izan ere, Madisonek uste zuen botereen arteko oreka beharrezkoa zela gehiengoak gizabanakoen eskubideak zapal ez zitzan. George Washingtonekin batera lan egin zuen gobernu federala eratzeko, baina Alderdi Federalista delakoaren ekimenei aurre egin zien. Azken hauek Estatu Batuetako Lehenengo Bankua banku zentralaren (pribatuaren) aldekoak ziren. Thomas Jeffersonen agindupean, Madison Napoleonengandik Louisiana erosteaz arduratu zen."@eu . . . . . . . . . "1801-05-02"^^ . . "James Madison"@pt . . "James MADISON [\u011Dejmz madison] estis la kvara prezidento de Usono, naski\u011Dis en la 16-a de marto 1751 en Point Conway, Virginio. Li mortis 85-jara\u011Da, en la 28-a de junio 1836 en Montpelier, Virginio, pro kormisfunkcio. Madison estis usona ministro pri eksteraj rilatoj dum la administrado de Thomas Jefferson kaj li intertraktis la a\u0109eton de la Luiziana Teritorio. Dolley Payne Todd estis lia edzino. Li estis 163 cm alta, kaj pezis nur 45 kg. Li estis Episkopano. Dum lia administrado (1809-1817) okazis; \n* 1812-1815- La Milito de 1812 kontra\u016D Britio."@eo . . "right"@en . . "James Madison"@nl . . . . "None"@en . . . . . . . "Ba \u00E9 James Madison (16 M\u00E1rta 1751 - 28 Meitheamh 1836) 4\u00FA uachtar\u00E1n na St\u00E1t Aontaithe Mheirice\u00E1. Bh\u00ED s\u00E9 i bhfeidhmeannas \u00F3n 4 M\u00E1rta 1809 go dt\u00ED an 4 M\u00E1rta 1817."@ga . . . . "James Madison"@ga . . . . . . . "James Madison"@in . . . . "1809-03-03"^^ . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . "\u30B8\u30A7\u30FC\u30E0\u30BA\u30FB\u30DE\u30C7\u30A3\u30BD\u30F3"@ja . "Member of the"@en . . . . "\u03A4\u03B6\u03AD\u03B9\u03BC\u03C2 \u039C\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD"@el . . . . . . . "to the Congress of the Confederation"@en . . "\u5C0F\u8A79\u59C6\u58EB\u00B7\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AJames Madison Jr.\uFF0C1751\u5E743\u670816\u65E5\uFF0D1836\u5E746\u670828\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\u3001\u958B\u570B\u5143\u52DB\u3001\u7B2C\u56DB\u4EFB\u7E3D\u7D71 \uFF081809\u5E74\uFF0D1817\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u56E0\u5728\u8D77\u8349\u548C\u529B\u85A6\u300A\u7F8E\u570B\u61B2\u6CD5\u300B\u548C\u300A\u6B0A\u5229\u6CD5\u6848\u300B\u4E2D\u7684\u95DC\u9375\u4F5C\u7528\u88AB\u8B7D\u70BA\u300C\u61B2\u6CD5\u4E4B\u7236\u300D\u3002 \u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u51FA\u751F\u65BC\u5F17\u5409\u5C3C\u4E9E\u5DDE\u5BCC\u88D5\u7684\u7A2E\u690D\u5712\u5BB6\u5EAD\uFF0C\u65BC\u7F8E\u570B\u7368\u7ACB\u6230\u722D\u671F\u9593\u4EFB\u5927\u9678\u6703\u8B70\u548C\u7DAD\u5409\u5C3C\u4E9E\u4E0B\u8B70\u9662\u6210\u54E1\u3002\u57281780\u5E74\u4EE3\u672B\u671F\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5354\u52A9\u7D44\u7E54\u5236\u61B2\u6703\u8B70\uFF0C\u5236\u5B9A\u65B0\u61B2\u6CD5\u4F86\u66FF\u63DB\u5931\u9748\u7684\u90A6\u806F\u689D\u4F8B\u3002\u6703\u5F8C\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u6210\u70BA\u4FEE\u61B2\u904B\u52D5\u7684\u9818\u8896\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002\u4ED6\u8207\u7D04\u7FF0\u00B7\u5091\u4F0A\u53CA\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u00B7\u6F22\u5BC6\u723E\u9813\u5171\u540C\u7DE8\u5BEB\u300A\u806F\u90A6\u9EE8\u4EBA\u6587\u96C6\u300B\uFF0C\u529B\u633A\u61B2\u6CD5\u3002 1788\u5E74\u61B2\u6CD5\u901A\u904E\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u9078\u5165\u773E\u8B70\u9662\u3002\u671F\u9593\uFF0C\u4ED6\u6210\u70BA\u55AC\u6CBB\u00B7\u83EF\u76DB\u9813\u7E3D\u7D71\u89AA\u5BC6\u7684\u9867\u554F\uFF0C\u662F\u7B2C\u4E00\u5C46\u570B\u6703\u6700\u7A81\u51FA\u7684\u6210\u54E1\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u5354\u52A9\u901A\u904E\u6CD5\u6848\uFF0C\u5EFA\u7ACB\u65B0\u653F\u5E9C\u3002\u56E0\u8D77\u8349\u524D\u5341\u689D\u61B2\u6CD5\u4FEE\u6B63\u6848\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u4E5F\u88AB\u8B7D\u70BA\u201C\u6B0A\u5229\u6CD5\u6848\u4E4B\u7236\u201D\u3002\u96D6\u7136\u65B0\u61B2\u6CD5\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E86\u5F37\u6709\u529B\u7684\u806F\u90A6\u653F\u5E9C\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u83EF\u76DB\u9813\u4EFB\u671F\u5167\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u53CD\u5C0D\u8CA1\u52D9\u90E8\u9577\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u00B7\u6F22\u5BC6\u723E\u9813\u4E3B\u5F35\u7684\u4E2D\u592E\u96C6\u6B0A\u3002\u70BA\u4E86\u53CD\u5C0D\u6F22\u5BC6\u723E\u9813\uFF0C\u6258\u99AC\u65AF\u00B7\u5091\u4F5B\u905C\u548C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u6210\u7ACB\u4E86\u6C11\u4E3B\u5171\u548C\u9EE8\uFF0C\u8207\u6F22\u5BC6\u723E\u9813\u7684\u806F\u90A6\u9EE8\u6297\u8861\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u570B\u5BB6\u7B2C\u4E00\u5C0D\u4E3B\u8981\u653F\u9EE8\u3002\u5728\u5091\u4F5B\u905C1800\u5E74\u52DD\u9078\u5F8C\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u88AB\u4EFB\u547D\u70BA\u570B\u52D9\u537F\uFF081801-1809\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u5728\u4EFB\u5167\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u4E3B\u6301\u8CFC\u8CB7\u8DEF\u6613\u65AF\u5B89\u90A3\uFF0C\u5C07\u570B\u571F\u9762\u7A4D\u7FFB\u500D\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . "120469"^^ . . . . . . . . "James Madison, Jr., n\u00E9 le 16 mars 1751 dans le comt\u00E9 de King George (colonie de Virginie) et mort le 28 juin 1836 \u00E0 Orange (Virginie), est un homme d'\u00C9tat am\u00E9ricain, quatri\u00E8me pr\u00E9sident des \u00C9tats-Unis, en fonction de 1809 \u00E0 1817."@fr . "James Madison (Port Conway (Virginia), 16 maart 1751 \u2013 Montpelier (Virginia), 28 juni 1836) was een Amerikaans staatsman, politiek filosoof en slavenhouder. Tussen 1809 en 1817 diende hij als de vierde president van de Verenigde Staten. Tijdens zijn presidentschap raakte het land weer in oorlog met het Verenigd Koninkrijk."@nl . . . . "no"@en . . . . "George Clinton"@en . . "James Madison (16 de marzo de 1751-28 de junio de 1836) fue un pol\u00EDtico y te\u00F3rico pol\u00EDtico estadounidense. Fue el cuarto presidente de los Estados Unidos desde 1809 hasta el a\u00F1o 1817. Est\u00E1 considerado como uno de los m\u00E1s influyentes \"Padres fundadores de los Estados Unidos\" por su contribuci\u00F3n a la redacci\u00F3n de la Constituci\u00F3n de los Estados Unidos y a la Carta de Derechos de los Estados Unidos, hasta el punto de ser apodado \"El Padre de la Constituci\u00F3n\"."@es . . . . . . . "\u041C\u044D\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043D, \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043C\u0441"@ru . . "James Madison va ser un advocat, pol\u00EDtic, President dels Estats Units entre 1809 i 1817, i un dels \"Pares Fundadors\" de la Constituci\u00F3 dels Estats Units m\u00E9s influents, fins a tal punt que reb\u00E9 el sobrenom de \"El Pare de la Constituci\u00F3\". Entre 1787 i 1788 va escriure juntament amb Alexander Hamilton i John Jay una s\u00E8rie d'assajos publicats en diversos diaris de l'estat de Nova York anomenats que van ajudar a la ratificaci\u00F3 de la Llei Fonamental i que encara avui dia s\u00F3n considerats uns dels escrits m\u00E9s importants per a la interpretaci\u00F3 constitucional. De fet, Madison va ser l'autor m\u00E9s prol\u00EDfic dels tres i va escriure els dos cap\u00EDtols m\u00E9s importants de la s\u00E8rie: \"El Federalista N\u00FAm. 10\" i \"El Federalista N\u00FAm. 51\". Com a representant del Congr\u00E9s va treballar amb el president George Washington en les tasques de formar el primer govern dels Estats Units. A m\u00E9s a m\u00E9s, va crear juntament amb Thomas Jefferson el primer Partit Republic\u00E0 (posteriorment conegut com a Partit Dem\u00F2crata-Republic\u00E0) que s'oposava a les tesis defensades pel Partit Federalista."@ca . . "James Madison, f\u00F6dd 16 mars 1751, d\u00F6d 28 juni 1836, var USA:s fj\u00E4rde president 1809\u20131817, och brukar omtalas som en av \u201Dkonstitutionens f\u00E4der\u201D, d\u00E5 han tillsammans med John Jay och Alexander Hamilton f\u00F6rfattade de 85 ess\u00E4er som g\u00E5r under namnet \u201DFederalist Papers\u201D."@sv . . . . . . . . "James Madison Jr. (March 16, 1751 \u2013 June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father. He served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights."@en . "Eleanor Rose Conway Madison"@en . . . . . . "\u0393\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u0386\u03B3\u03B3\u03BB\u03BF \u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE, \u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5 \u03A4\u03B6\u03AD\u03B9\u03BC\u03C2 \u039C\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD (\u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2). \u039F \u03A4\u03B6\u03AD\u03B9\u03BC\u03C2 \u039C\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD (\u03B1\u03B3\u03B3\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: James Madison, 16 \u039C\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1751 - 28 \u0399\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1836) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF 4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03B5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u00AB\u0399\u03B4\u03C1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03A0\u03B1\u03C4\u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2\u00BB \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0397\u03BD\u03C9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2. \u0394\u03B9\u03B5\u03C4\u03AD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5 \u03A0\u03C1\u03CC\u03B5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 4 \u039C\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1809 \u03AD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 4 \u039C\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1817."@el . . . . . . . . . "\u30B8\u30A7\u30FC\u30E0\u30BA\u30FB\u30DE\u30C7\u30A3\u30BD\u30F3\u30FB\u30B8\u30E5\u30CB\u30A2\uFF08James Madison, Jr.\u30011751\u5E743\u670816\u65E5 - 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Lady\uFF09\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u300D\u3068\u8A00\u53CA\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u304C\u30D5\u30A1\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30EC\u30C7\u30A3\u306E\u8A9E\u6E90\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u90B8\u5B85\u3092\u69CB\u3048\u305F\u30E2\u30F3\u30C8\u30D4\u30EA\u30A2\u306F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u56FD\u5B9A\u6B74\u53F2\u5EFA\u9020\u7269\u306B\u767B\u9332\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u6B74\u4EE3\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u306E\u4E2D\u3067\u4E00\u756A\u5C0F\u67C4\u306A\u4EBA\u7269\u3067\u3001\u8EAB\u9577\u306F5\u30D5\u30A3\u30FC\u30C84\u30A4\u30F3\u30C1\uFF08\u7D04163cm\uFF09\u3001\u4F53\u91CD\u306F100\u30DD\u30F3\u30C9\uFF08\u7D0445kg\uFF09\u3060\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison (* 5. M\u00E4rzjul. / 16. M\u00E4rz 1751greg. in , King George County, Kolonie Virginia; \u2020 28. Juni 1836 in Montpelier, Virginia) war von 1809 bis 1817 der vierte Pr\u00E4sident der Vereinigten Staaten und einer der Gr\u00FCnderv\u00E4ter der Vereinigten Staaten. Den Ideen der Aufkl\u00E4rung verpflichtet, war er Autor gro\u00DFer Teile der Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten und entwarf die Bill of Rights. Unter Pr\u00E4sident Thomas Jefferson diente er als Au\u00DFenminister und war unter anderem f\u00FCr den Erwerb von Louisiana von Frankreich verantwortlich. W\u00E4hrend seiner Amtszeit als Pr\u00E4sident f\u00FChrte er die Vereinigten Staaten zwischen 1812 und 1815 im Britisch-Amerikanischen Krieg."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1794-09-15"^^ . "James Madison Jr."@en . . . "James Madison"@en . "James Madison"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison Jr."@en . . "1809-03-04"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043C\u0441 \u041C\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0441\u043E\u043D"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . "from Virginia"@en . . . . . . "\u0393\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u0386\u03B3\u03B3\u03BB\u03BF \u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE, \u03B4\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B5 \u03A4\u03B6\u03AD\u03B9\u03BC\u03C2 \u039C\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD (\u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C3\u03C6\u03B1\u03B9\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03C2). \u039F \u03A4\u03B6\u03AD\u03B9\u03BC\u03C2 \u039C\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03BD (\u03B1\u03B3\u03B3\u03BB\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: James Madison, 16 \u039C\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1751 - 28 \u0399\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1836) \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF 4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03CC\u03B5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u00AB\u0399\u03B4\u03C1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03A0\u03B1\u03C4\u03AD\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2\u00BB \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u0397\u03BD\u03C9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03A0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD \u0391\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2. \u0394\u03B9\u03B5\u03C4\u03AD\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5 \u03A0\u03C1\u03CC\u03B5\u03B4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 4 \u039C\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1809 \u03AD\u03C9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 4 \u039C\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 1817."@el . . . "5"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison (16 Maret 1751 \u2013 28 Juni 1836) adalah politikus Amerika dan Presiden Amerika Serikat ke-4 (1809\u20131817). Ia merupakan salah seorang Bapak Pendiri negara Amerika Serikat."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison, Jr. (Port Conway, 16 de mar\u00E7o de 1751 \u2013 Orange, 28 de junho de 1836) foi um advogado e pol\u00EDtico estadunidense. Foi o quarto Presidente dos Estados Unidos, entre 1809 e 1817. Ele \u00E9 considerado o \"Pai da Constitui\u00E7\u00E3o\" devido ao papel que desempenhou na elabora\u00E7\u00E3o e promo\u00E7\u00E3o da Constitui\u00E7\u00E3o e da Declara\u00E7\u00E3o dos Direitos. Madison herdou uma planta\u00E7\u00E3o em Montpelier, na Virg\u00EDnia, e teve centenas de escravos durante a sua vida. Madison serviu como membro da C\u00E2mara de Delegados da Virg\u00EDnia e membro do Congresso Continental antes da Conven\u00E7\u00E3o Constitucional. Ap\u00F3s a Conven\u00E7\u00E3o, tornou-se um dos l\u00EDderes do movimento de ratifica\u00E7\u00E3o da Constitui\u00E7\u00E3o, tanto na Virg\u00EDnia como a n\u00EDvel nacional. O trabalho que desenvolveu com Alexander Hamilton e John Jay resultou no conjunto de ensaios O Federalista, uma das mais importantes disserta\u00E7\u00F5es a favor da Constitui\u00E7\u00E3o. As opini\u00F5es pol\u00EDticas de Madison foram mudando ao longo da sua vida. Durante as delibera\u00E7\u00F5es da Constitui\u00E7\u00E3o, apoiava a ideia de um governo nacional, por\u00E9m, mais tarde, a sua prefer\u00EAncia passou a ser por governos estaduais mais fortes, antes de concluir que a melhor seria um meio termo entre estes opostos. Em 1789, Madison tornou-se l\u00EDder da C\u00E2mara dos Representantes, elaborando v\u00E1rias leis b\u00E1sicas e as primeiras dez emendas da Constitui\u00E7\u00E3o dos Estados Unidos. Madison trabalhou com o Presidente George Washington na organiza\u00E7\u00E3o do novo governo federal. Depois de se afastar do Partido Federalista de Alexander Hamilton em 1791, Madison e Thomas Jefferson criaram o Partido Democrata-Republicano. Em resposta \u00E0s Alien and Sedition Acts (leis de estrangeiros e de sedi\u00E7\u00E3o), Jefferson e Madison criaram as Resolu\u00E7\u00F5es de Kentucky e da Virg\u00EDnia, onde argumentam que os Estados t\u00EAm poder para anular leis inconstitucionais. Como Secret\u00E1rio de Estado de Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809), Madison fiscalizou a compra da Luisiana, que duplicou o tamanho da na\u00E7\u00E3o dos Estados Unidos. Madison sucedeu a Jefferson como Presidente em 1809 e foi reeleito em 1813, tendo liderado o pa\u00EDs em prosperidade durante v\u00E1rios anos. Em 1812, Ap\u00F3s o falhan\u00E7o de conversa\u00E7\u00F5es diplom\u00E1ticas e da aplica\u00E7\u00E3o de um embargo comercial ao Reino Unido, Madison declarou guerra ao pa\u00EDs em 1812. A guerra resultou num p\u00E2ntano administrativo, uma vez que os Estados Unidos n\u00E3o possu\u00EDam nem um ex\u00E9rcito forte, nem um sistema financeiro. Assim, Madison acabaria por apoiar a cria\u00E7\u00E3o de um governo nacional e de um ex\u00E9rcito mais fortes, assim como de um banco nacional, algo a que se tinha oposto durante v\u00E1rios anos. Considerado um dos Pais Fundadores mais importantes do pa\u00EDs, historiadores e acad\u00EAmicos normalmente o avaliam como um bom presidente."@pt . . . . . "James Madison (Port Conway, 16 marzo 1751 \u2013 Port Conway, 28 giugno 1836) \u00E8 stato un politico statunitense.\u00C8 stato il 4\u00BA presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America dal 1809 al 1817, nonch\u00E9 uno dei maggiori esponenti, insieme a Thomas Jefferson, del Republican Party, poi ribattezzato dagli storici Partito Democratico-Repubblicano. \u00C8 considerato uno dei padri fondatori degli Stati Uniti e uno dei principali autori della Costituzione. Per la sua salute precaria non pot\u00E9 arruolarsi nell'esercito di George Washington, ma diede il suo contribuito alla causa delle colonie con l'attivit\u00E0 di giurista. Partecip\u00F2 alla stesura della Costituzione e si preoccup\u00F2 anche di convincere i vari stati ad accettarla. La convinzione che segn\u00F2 maggiormente il pensiero politico teorico di Madison era che la nuova repubblica necessitasse di controlli ed equilibri di poteri onde tutelare i diritti individuali dalla tirannia della maggioranza. Come segretario di Stato di Jefferson (1801-1809), Madison segu\u00EC l'acquisto della Louisiana, che raddoppi\u00F2 le dimensioni della nazione, e appoggi\u00F2 lo sfortunato embargo del 1807. Come presidente, guid\u00F2 la nazione nella guerra del 1812 contro la Gran Bretagna. Durante e dopo la guerra, Madison cambi\u00F2 molte delle sue posizioni. Nel 1815 sostenne la creazione della seconda banca nazionale, una forte politica militare e alti dazi sui beni importati per proteggere le nuove fabbriche aperte durante la guerra."@it . . . . . . . "James Madison (1751ko martxoaren 16a - 1836ko ekainaren 28a), Estatu Batuetako laugarren presidentea (1809 - 1817) izan zen. Konstituzioaren aitatzat jotzen da, agiriaren autore nagusia izan baitzen. Konstituzioaren lehenengo 10 zuzenketen arduraduna izan zen (Bill of Rights). Izan ere, Madisonek uste zuen botereen arteko oreka beharrezkoa zela gehiengoak gizabanakoen eskubideak zapal ez zitzan. George Washingtonekin batera lan egin zuen gobernu federala eratzeko, baina Alderdi Federalista delakoaren ekimenei aurre egin zien. Azken hauek Estatu Batuetako Lehenengo Bankua banku zentralaren (pribatuaren) aldekoak ziren. Thomas Jeffersonen agindupean, Madison Napoleonengandik Louisiana erosteaz arduratu zen. Haren presidentaldian, Alderdi Errepublikanoko kidea zela (Ingalaterrari gogor egitearen aldekoa), 1812ko gerra egin zuen Erresuma Batuaren kontra. Artean gerra irabazi gabe zegoela (1815eko hasiera), betoa jarri zion 1814an Estatu Batuetako Bigarren Bankua sortzeko Kongresuaren proposamenari. 1815erako, armada indartsua sortzearen alde agertu zen, eta proposatu zuen mugetan tarifa altuak ezartzea, gerra garaian irekitako lantegi berriak babesteko. Gerra ondoko testuinguru berrian, ez zuen galarazi oraingoan Estatu Batuetako Bigarren Bankua sortzea (1816), Kongresuak hala erabakita."@eu . . . . "1786-11-06"^^ . . . . . "The US Presidents/James Madison"@en . . . . . . . . "James Madison"@pl . "James Madison"@de . . . "no"@en . "1836-06-28"^^ . . "\u8A79\u59C6\u65AF\u00B7\u9EA6\u8FEA\u900A"@zh . "1836-06-28"^^ . . . . "James Madison (Port Conway (Virginia), 16 maart 1751 \u2013 Montpelier (Virginia), 28 juni 1836) was een Amerikaans staatsman, politiek filosoof en slavenhouder. Tussen 1809 en 1817 diende hij als de vierde president van de Verenigde Staten. Tijdens zijn presidentschap raakte het land weer in oorlog met het Verenigd Koninkrijk. James Madison heeft een belangrijke rol gespeeld bij het ontstaan van de Verenigde Staten van Amerika. Hij was een van de voornaamste auteurs van de Grondwet van de Verenigde Staten en de daaropvolgende Bill of Rights. Met zijn artikelen in de Federalist Papers die de nieuwe grondwet verdedigden, be\u00EFnvloedde hij de publieke opinie. Mede dankzij Madison kregen de Verenigde Staten een federatieve staatsvorm. Hij diende als afgevaardigde in het Huis van Afgevaardigden en was minister van Buitenlandse Zaken in het kabinet van president Thomas Jefferson. James Madison is een van de Founding Fathers van de VS en staat bekend als de Father of the Constitution (Vader van de Grondwet). Op 14 september 1794 huwde Madison met , de latere first lady, met wie hij geen kinderen zou hebben. Het echtpaar verschilde aanzienlijk in leeftijd en temperament: de veertien jaar jongere Dolley was een hartelijke en vrolijke vrouw en een gastvrouw die de politieke loopbaan van haar man bevorderde. Madison was korzelig en gereserveerd."@nl . "James Madison"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "220"^^ . . . . . "James Madison"@cs . . . . "Delegate from Virginia"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison (16. b\u0159ezna 1751 , Virginie \u2013 28. \u010Dervna 1836 , Virginie) byl americk\u00FD politik, politick\u00FD filosof a 4. prezident Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F americk\u00FDch. Je jedn\u00EDm z hlavn\u00EDch autor\u016F americk\u00E9 Deklarace nez\u00E1vislosti (1776). V roce 1788 napsal v\u00EDce ne\u017E t\u0159etinu z 85 \u010Dl\u00E1nk\u016F zvan\u00FDch Listy federalist\u016F, ve kter\u00FDch byla obhajov\u00E1na ratifikace \u00DAstavy USA. Slou\u017Eil v Kongresu Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F, vypracoval mnoho z\u00E1kladn\u00EDch z\u00E1kon\u016F a prvn\u00EDch deset dodatk\u016F \u00DAstavy. Nejz\u00E1kladn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED p\u0159esv\u011Bd\u010Den\u00ED Madisona jako politick\u00E9ho teoretika bylo, \u017Ee nov\u00E1 republika pot\u0159ebuje zabr\u00E1nit zvy\u0161ov\u00E1n\u00ED vlivu r\u016Fzn\u00FDch z\u00E1jmov\u00FDch skupin. Jako p\u0159edseda Sn\u011Bmovny reprezentant\u016F Madison \u00FAzce spolupracoval s prezidentem Georgem Washingtonem na organizov\u00E1n\u00ED nov\u00E9 feder\u00E1ln\u00ED vl\u00E1dy. Po roztr\u017Ece s ministrem financ\u00ED Alexandrem Hamiltonem zalo\u017Eil Madison spolu s Thomasem Jeffersonem stranu, kterou nazvali Republican Party (pozd\u011Bji Democratic-Republican Party) v opozici v\u016F\u010Di Federalist\u016Fm, zejm\u00E9na v\u016F\u010Di n\u00E1rodn\u00ED bance a smlouv\u011B s Velkou Brit\u00E1ni\u00ED, tzv. Jay Treaty. Napsal tajn\u011B spolu s Thomasem Jeffersonem Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions na protest proti Z\u00E1konu o cizinc\u00EDch a pomluv\u00E1ch (Alien and Sedition Acts). V roce 1812 vyhl\u00E1sil v\u00E1lku Velk\u00E9 Brit\u00E1nii. Madison je jedin\u00FDm prezidentem v d\u011Bjin\u00E1ch Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F, za jeho\u017E prezidentov\u00E1n\u00ED zem\u0159eli dva viceprezidenti v \u00FA\u0159adu."@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . "President of the United States"@en . . ""@en . "Elbridge Gerry"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison (Port Conway, 16 marzo 1751 \u2013 Port Conway, 28 giugno 1836) \u00E8 stato un politico statunitense.\u00C8 stato il 4\u00BA presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America dal 1809 al 1817, nonch\u00E9 uno dei maggiori esponenti, insieme a Thomas Jefferson, del Republican Party, poi ribattezzato dagli storici Partito Democratico-Repubblicano. \u00C8 considerato uno dei padri fondatori degli Stati Uniti e uno dei principali autori della Costituzione."@it . "James Madison (16. b\u0159ezna 1751 , Virginie \u2013 28. \u010Dervna 1836 , Virginie) byl americk\u00FD politik, politick\u00FD filosof a 4. prezident Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F americk\u00FDch. Je jedn\u00EDm z hlavn\u00EDch autor\u016F americk\u00E9 Deklarace nez\u00E1vislosti (1776). V roce 1788 napsal v\u00EDce ne\u017E t\u0159etinu z 85 \u010Dl\u00E1nk\u016F zvan\u00FDch Listy federalist\u016F, ve kter\u00FDch byla obhajov\u00E1na ratifikace \u00DAstavy USA. Slou\u017Eil v Kongresu Spojen\u00FDch st\u00E1t\u016F, vypracoval mnoho z\u00E1kladn\u00EDch z\u00E1kon\u016F a prvn\u00EDch deset dodatk\u016F \u00DAstavy. Nejz\u00E1kladn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED p\u0159esv\u011Bd\u010Den\u00ED Madisona jako politick\u00E9ho teoretika bylo, \u017Ee nov\u00E1 republika pot\u0159ebuje zabr\u00E1nit zvy\u0161ov\u00E1n\u00ED vlivu r\u016Fzn\u00FDch z\u00E1jmov\u00FDch skupin."@cs . ""@en . . . . "\u0414\u0436\u0435\u0301\u0439\u043C\u0441 \u041C\u044D\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043D (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. 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"James MADISON [\u011Dejmz madison] estis la kvara prezidento de Usono, naski\u011Dis en la 16-a de marto 1751 en Point Conway, Virginio. Li mortis 85-jara\u011Da, en la 28-a de junio 1836 en Montpelier, Virginio, pro kormisfunkcio. Madison estis usona ministro pri eksteraj rilatoj dum la administrado de Thomas Jefferson kaj li intertraktis la a\u0109eton de la Luiziana Teritorio. Dolley Payne Todd estis lia edzino. Li estis 163 cm alta, kaj pezis nur 45 kg. Li estis Episkopano. Dum lia administrado (1809-1817) okazis; \n* 1812-1815- La Milito de 1812 kontra\u016D Britio."@eo . . . . . . 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"James Madison Jr. (March 16, 1751 \u2013 June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father. He served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights. Madison was born into a prominent planter family in Virginia. He served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the Continental Congress during and after the American Revolutionary War. Unsatisfied with the weak national government established by the Articles of Confederation, he helped organize the Constitutional Convention, which produced a new constitution. Madison's Virginia Plan was the basis for the Convention's deliberations, and he was an influential voice at the convention. He became one of the leaders in the movement to ratify the Constitution, and joined Alexander Hamilton and John Jay in writing The Federalist Papers, a series of pro-ratification essays which remains prominent among works of political science in American history. Madison emerged as an important leader in the House of Representatives and was a close adviser to President George Washington. During the early 1790s, Madison opposed the economic program and the accompanying centralization of power favored by Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton. Alongside Thomas Jefferson, he organized the Democratic\u2013Republican Party in opposition to Hamilton's Federalist Party. After Jefferson was elected president in 1800, Madison served as his Secretary of State from 1801 to 1809. While Madison was Secretary of State, Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase, and later, as President, Madison oversaw related disputes in the Northwest territories. Madison was elected president in 1808. Motivated by the desire for acquiring land held by Britain, Spain, and Native Americans, and after diplomatic protests with a trade embargo failed to end British seizures of American shipped goods, he led the United States into the War of 1812. The war was an administrative morass and ended inconclusively, but many Americans saw it as a successful \"second war of independence\" against Britain. Madison was re-elected in 1812, albeit by a smaller margin. The war convinced Madison of the necessity of a stronger federal government. He presided over the creation of the Second Bank of the United States and the enactment of the protective Tariff of 1816. By treaty or through war, Native American tribes ceded 23,000,000 acres (9,300,000 ha) of land to the United States under Madison's presidency. Retiring from public office at the end of his presidency in 1817, Madison returned to his plantation, Montpelier, and died there in 1836. Like Jefferson and Washington, Madison was a wealthy slave owner who never privately reconciled his republican beliefs with his slave ownership. Forced to pay debts, he never freed his slaves. Among historians and in polls of leading historians, Madison is considered one of the most important Founding Fathers of the United States, and these historians have generally ranked him as an above-average president, although they are critical of how Madison executed the War of 1812. Madison's name is commemorated in many landmarks across the nation, both publicly and privately, with prominent examples including Madison Square Garden, James Madison University, and the USS James Madison."@en . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison (16 de marzo de 1751-28 de junio de 1836) fue un pol\u00EDtico y te\u00F3rico pol\u00EDtico estadounidense. Fue el cuarto presidente de los Estados Unidos desde 1809 hasta el a\u00F1o 1817. Est\u00E1 considerado como uno de los m\u00E1s influyentes \"Padres fundadores de los Estados Unidos\" por su contribuci\u00F3n a la redacci\u00F3n de la Constituci\u00F3n de los Estados Unidos y a la Carta de Derechos de los Estados Unidos, hasta el punto de ser apodado \"El Padre de la Constituci\u00F3n\". Madison hered\u00F3 su hacienda, Montpelier, en Virginia, y fue due\u00F1o de cientos de esclavos. Sirvi\u00F3 como miembro de la casa de delegados de Virginia y como miembro del Congreso Continental antes de la introducci\u00F3n de la constituci\u00F3n estadounidense. Despu\u00E9s de la Convenci\u00F3n de Filadelfia, Madison fue una de las personas que dirigi\u00F3 el movimiento para aprobar la nueva constituci\u00F3n tanto a nivel nacional como en Virginia. Su colaboraci\u00F3n con Alexander Hamilton y John Jay produjo los ensayos conocidos como The Federalist Papers (Las Ponencias Federalistas), art\u00EDculos considerados como la base principal sobre la que se ratific\u00F3 la constituci\u00F3n de los Estados Unidos. Madison cambi\u00F3 de parecer en cuanto a su pol\u00EDtica personal. Al principio cre\u00EDa que lo mejor ser\u00EDa un gobierno central fuerte mientras que al final lleg\u00F3 a apoyar la idea de que los estados deber\u00EDan tener m\u00E1s poder que el gobierno central. Al final de su vida lleg\u00F3 a aceptar una idea equilibrada en la cual los estados y el gobierno federal comparten el poder por igual. En 1789, Madison lleg\u00F3 a ser un l\u00EDder en la C\u00E1mara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos en la cual escribi\u00F3 muchas leyes fundamentales. Es reconocido como el escritor de las primeras 10 enmiendas a la constituci\u00F3n de los Estados Unidos, las cuales se conocen como la Carta de Derechos. Trabaj\u00F3 de cerca con el nuevo presidente George Washington en la organizaci\u00F3n del nuevo gobierno federal. Rompiendo lazos con Hamilton y el Partido Federalista en 1791, \u00E9l y Thomas Jefferson organizaron el Partido Dem\u00F3crata-Republicano. En respuesta a las Leyes de Extranjer\u00EDa y Sedici\u00F3n Jefferson y Madison escribieron las Resoluciones de Virginia y Kentucky, argumentando que los estados tienen la potestad de anular leyes por inconstitucionales. Sirviendo como secretario de estado de Jefferson, Madison supervis\u00F3 la Compra de la Luisiana, la cual dobl\u00F3 el tama\u00F1o del pa\u00EDs. Madison lleg\u00F3 a ser presidente despu\u00E9s de Jefferson y fue reelegido en 1813. Su presidencia consigui\u00F3 una prosperidad que dur\u00F3 varios a\u00F1os. Despu\u00E9s de una serie de protestas diplom\u00E1ticas y un Embargo comercial contra el Reino Unido, dirigi\u00F3 a los Estados Unidos a la guerra anglo-estadounidense de 1812. La guerra fue una decisi\u00F3n desastrosa, ya que el pa\u00EDs no ten\u00EDa ni un ej\u00E9rcito fuerte, ni un sistema financiero potente. Adem\u00E1s, el pa\u00EDs no ten\u00EDa un banco central, algo a lo que Madison se opuso a lo largo de toda su vida."@es . "James Madison"@sv . . . . . . "James Madison"@eu . . . "\u062C\u064A\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0646"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "15950"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1751-03-16"^^ . "James Madison"@en . . . . . . . . "Montpelier, Virginia, U.S."@en . "US History/Presidents"@en . "James Madison (ur. 16 marca 1751 w (Wirginia), zm. 28 czerwca 1836 w (Wirginia)) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski polityk i prawnik; 4. prezydent Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych (1809-1817), wcze\u015Bniej cz\u0142onek Izby Reprezentant\u00F3w (1789-1797) i 5. sekretarz stanu Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych (1801-1809). Sygnatariusz Konstytucji Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--10-30"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043C\u0441 \u041C\u0435\u0301\u0434\u0456\u0441\u043E\u043D \u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. James Madison Jr.; \u00AB\u0411\u0430\u0442\u044C\u043A\u043E \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457\u00BB; 16 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044F 1751, \u2014 28 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u044F 1836) \u2014 4-\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0443 1809\u20131817 \u0440\u0440., \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0456\u0437 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0456\u043B\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430."@uk . "James Madison"@es . . . . . . . . "\u0414\u0436\u0435\u0301\u0439\u043C\u0441 \u041C\u044D\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043D (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. James Madison Jr.; 5 (16) \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 1751 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0443\u044D\u0439, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0433\u0438\u043D\u0438\u044F \u2014 28 \u0438\u044E\u043D\u044F 1836 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0441\u0430\u0434\u044C\u0431\u0430 \u041C\u043E\u043D\u0442\u043F\u0438\u043B\u0438\u0435\u0440, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0433\u0438\u043D\u0438\u044F) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0438\u0437 \u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0438 \u0411\u0438\u043B\u043B\u044F \u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Author:James Madison"@en . . . "James Madison"@ca . . . . . . "James Madison, f\u00F6dd 16 mars 1751, d\u00F6d 28 juni 1836, var USA:s fj\u00E4rde president 1809\u20131817, och brukar omtalas som en av \u201Dkonstitutionens f\u00E4der\u201D, d\u00E5 han tillsammans med John Jay och Alexander Hamilton f\u00F6rfattade de 85 ess\u00E4er som g\u00E5r under namnet \u201DFederalist Papers\u201D."@sv . "Ba \u00E9 James Madison (16 M\u00E1rta 1751 - 28 Meitheamh 1836) 4\u00FA uachtar\u00E1n na St\u00E1t Aontaithe Mheirice\u00E1. Bh\u00ED s\u00E9 i bhfeidhmeannas \u00F3n 4 M\u00E1rta 1809 go dt\u00ED an 4 M\u00E1rta 1817."@ga . . . "James Madison (* 5. M\u00E4rzjul. / 16. M\u00E4rz 1751greg. in , King George County, Kolonie Virginia; \u2020 28. Juni 1836 in Montpelier, Virginia) war von 1809 bis 1817 der vierte Pr\u00E4sident der Vereinigten Staaten und einer der Gr\u00FCnderv\u00E4ter der Vereinigten Staaten. Den Ideen der Aufkl\u00E4rung verpflichtet, war er Autor gro\u00DFer Teile der Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten und entwarf die Bill of Rights. Unter Pr\u00E4sident Thomas Jefferson diente er als Au\u00DFenminister und war unter anderem f\u00FCr den Erwerb von Louisiana von Frankreich verantwortlich. W\u00E4hrend seiner Amtszeit als Pr\u00E4sident f\u00FChrte er die Vereinigten Staaten zwischen 1812 und 1815 im Britisch-Amerikanischen Krieg."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--02-11"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "1783-11-01"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Offices and distinctions"@en . . . "162.56"^^ . "1781-03-01"^^ . . "( \uBE44\uC2B7\uD55C \uC774\uB984\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C4 \uC789\uAE00\uB79C\uB4DC\uC758 \uCD95\uAD6C \uC120\uC218 \uC81C\uC784\uC2A4 \uBA54\uB514\uC2A8\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uD574\uB2F9 \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uC870\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uC81C\uC784\uC2A4 \uB9E4\uB514\uC2A8 \uC8FC\uB2C8\uC5B4(James Madison Jr., 1751\uB144 3\uC6D4 16\uC77C ~ 1836\uB144 6\uC6D4 28\uC77C)\uB294 \"\uBBF8\uAD6D \uD5CC\uBC95\"\uC758 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uD2C0 \uC911\uC758 \uD558\uB098\uC774\uC790 \uBBF8\uAD6D \uC758\uD68C\uC5D0 \uBC84\uC9C0\uB2C8\uC544\uC8FC \uD558\uC6D0\uACFC \uD1A0\uBA38\uC2A4 \uC81C\uD37C\uC2A8 \uC544\uB798 \uAD6D\uBB34\uC7A5\uAD00\uC744 \uC9C0\uB0B8 \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC758 4\uB300 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \"\uBBF8\uAD6D \uD5CC\uBC95\uC758 \uC544\uBC84\uC9C0\"\uB85C \uBD88\uB9B0 \uB9E4\uB514\uC2A8\uC740 1787\uB144 \uD544\uB77C\uB378\uD53C\uC544 \uC81C\uD5CC\uD68C\uC758\uC758 \uACB0\uC131\uC790, \uC0AC\uC808\uB2E8\uACFC \uAE30\uB85D\uC790\uB85C\uC11C \uC9C0\uB3C4\uC801\uC778 \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uC8FC\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uC758\uD55C \uD5CC\uBC95\uC758 \uCC44\uD0DD\uC744 \uC704\uD558\uC5EC \uC601\uD5A5\uC801\uC778 \uC8FC\uCC3D\uC790\uC774\uBA70 \uC0C8\uB85C\uC6B4 \uC5F0\uBC29 \uD5CC\uC7A5\uC5D0\uC11C \uAD8C\uB9AC\uC7A5\uC804\uC744 \uD3EC\uD568\uD55C \uAC00\uC7A5 \uAC15\uB825\uD55C \uC9C0\uC9C0\uC790\uC600\uB2E4. \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB354 \uD574\uBC00\uD134\uACFC \uC874 \uC81C\uC774\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uB9E4\uB514\uC2A8\uC740 \uC0C8\uB86D\uAC8C \uB3C5\uB9BD\uD55C \uBBF8\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uB41C \uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uC774\uB860, \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801 \uAD00\uB840\uC640 \uD2B9\uC815 \uC694\uC778\uB4E4\uC5D0 \uAE30\uCD08\uB97C \uB450\uC5B4 \uC81C\uC548\uB41C \uD5CC\uBC95\uC744 \uC9C0\uD0A8 \uC815\uBD80\uC5D0 85\uAC1C \uC218\uD544\uC758 \uC77C\uB828 \uC5F0\uBC29\uC8FC\uC758\uC790 \uB17C\uC9D1\uC744 \uC800\uC11C\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uCD08\uC548\uB41C \uD5CC\uBC95\uC740 \uD2B9\uC815 \uC2DC\uBBFC\uC758 \uAD8C\uB9AC\uB97C \uC5F4\uAC70\uD558\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uC73C\uB098 \uB300\uC2E0 \uC815\uBD80\uC758 \uAD8C\uB825\uB4E4\uC744 \uC881\uAC8C \uADDC\uC815\uC9C0\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uAD8C\uB9AC\uC7A5\uC804\uC758 \uC0C1\uB300\uB4E4, \uD2B9\uD788 \uD574\uBC00\uD134\uC740 \uD2B9\uC815 \uAD8C\uB9AC \uBA85\uBA85\uC774 \uC815\uBD80\uC5D0 \uC758\uD558\uC5EC \uBCF4\uD638\uB420 \uB098\uC5F4\uB41C \uC790\uB4E4\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC544\uBB34 \uB2E4\uB978 \uAD8C\uB9AC\uB4E4\uC744 \uC554\uC2DC\uD560 \uAC83 \uAC19\uC740 \uAC71\uC815\uC774 \uB4E4\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD5CC\uBC95\uC758 \uBE44\uC900\uC5D0 \uC774\uC5B4 \uB9E4\uB514\uC2A8\uC740 1789\uB144\uC758 \uCCAB \uC758\uD68C\uC5D0\uC11C 1791\uB144\uC5D0 \uAD8C\uB9AC\uC7A5\uC804\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uBE44\uC900\uB418\uACE0 \uCC44\uD0DD\uB41C \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uC790\uC720 - 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"\u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043C\u0441 \u041C\u0435\u0301\u0434\u0456\u0441\u043E\u043D \u043C\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. James Madison Jr.; \u00AB\u0411\u0430\u0442\u044C\u043A\u043E \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457\u00BB; 16 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044F 1751, \u2014 28 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u044F 1836) \u2014 4-\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0443 1809\u20131817 \u0440\u0440., \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0456\u0437 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0442\u0430 \u0411\u0456\u043B\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430."@uk . . . . . . . "1.6256"^^ . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . "James Madison"@eo . . "1789-03-04"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5C0F\u8A79\u59C6\u58EB\u00B7\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AJames Madison Jr.\uFF0C1751\u5E743\u670816\u65E5\uFF0D1836\u5E746\u670828\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u7F8E\u56FD\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\u3001\u958B\u570B\u5143\u52DB\u3001\u7B2C\u56DB\u4EFB\u7E3D\u7D71 \uFF081809\u5E74\uFF0D1817\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u56E0\u5728\u8D77\u8349\u548C\u529B\u85A6\u300A\u7F8E\u570B\u61B2\u6CD5\u300B\u548C\u300A\u6B0A\u5229\u6CD5\u6848\u300B\u4E2D\u7684\u95DC\u9375\u4F5C\u7528\u88AB\u8B7D\u70BA\u300C\u61B2\u6CD5\u4E4B\u7236\u300D\u3002 \u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u51FA\u751F\u65BC\u5F17\u5409\u5C3C\u4E9E\u5DDE\u5BCC\u88D5\u7684\u7A2E\u690D\u5712\u5BB6\u5EAD\uFF0C\u65BC\u7F8E\u570B\u7368\u7ACB\u6230\u722D\u671F\u9593\u4EFB\u5927\u9678\u6703\u8B70\u548C\u7DAD\u5409\u5C3C\u4E9E\u4E0B\u8B70\u9662\u6210\u54E1\u3002\u57281780\u5E74\u4EE3\u672B\u671F\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5354\u52A9\u7D44\u7E54\u5236\u61B2\u6703\u8B70\uFF0C\u5236\u5B9A\u65B0\u61B2\u6CD5\u4F86\u66FF\u63DB\u5931\u9748\u7684\u90A6\u806F\u689D\u4F8B\u3002\u6703\u5F8C\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u6210\u70BA\u4FEE\u61B2\u904B\u52D5\u7684\u9818\u8896\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002\u4ED6\u8207\u7D04\u7FF0\u00B7\u5091\u4F0A\u53CA\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u00B7\u6F22\u5BC6\u723E\u9813\u5171\u540C\u7DE8\u5BEB\u300A\u806F\u90A6\u9EE8\u4EBA\u6587\u96C6\u300B\uFF0C\u529B\u633A\u61B2\u6CD5\u3002 1788\u5E74\u61B2\u6CD5\u901A\u904E\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u9078\u5165\u773E\u8B70\u9662\u3002\u671F\u9593\uFF0C\u4ED6\u6210\u70BA\u55AC\u6CBB\u00B7\u83EF\u76DB\u9813\u7E3D\u7D71\u89AA\u5BC6\u7684\u9867\u554F\uFF0C\u662F\u7B2C\u4E00\u5C46\u570B\u6703\u6700\u7A81\u51FA\u7684\u6210\u54E1\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u5354\u52A9\u901A\u904E\u6CD5\u6848\uFF0C\u5EFA\u7ACB\u65B0\u653F\u5E9C\u3002\u56E0\u8D77\u8349\u524D\u5341\u689D\u61B2\u6CD5\u4FEE\u6B63\u6848\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u4E5F\u88AB\u8B7D\u70BA\u201C\u6B0A\u5229\u6CD5\u6848\u4E4B\u7236\u201D\u3002\u96D6\u7136\u65B0\u61B2\u6CD5\u5EFA\u7ACB\u4E86\u5F37\u6709\u529B\u7684\u806F\u90A6\u653F\u5E9C\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u83EF\u76DB\u9813\u4EFB\u671F\u5167\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u53CD\u5C0D\u8CA1\u52D9\u90E8\u9577\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u00B7\u6F22\u5BC6\u723E\u9813\u4E3B\u5F35\u7684\u4E2D\u592E\u96C6\u6B0A\u3002\u70BA\u4E86\u53CD\u5C0D\u6F22\u5BC6\u723E\u9813\uFF0C\u6258\u99AC\u65AF\u00B7\u5091\u4F5B\u905C\u548C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u6210\u7ACB\u4E86\u6C11\u4E3B\u5171\u548C\u9EE8\uFF0C\u8207\u6F22\u5BC6\u723E\u9813\u7684\u806F\u90A6\u9EE8\u6297\u8861\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u570B\u5BB6\u7B2C\u4E00\u5C0D\u4E3B\u8981\u653F\u9EE8\u3002\u5728\u5091\u4F5B\u905C1800\u5E74\u52DD\u9078\u5F8C\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u88AB\u4EFB\u547D\u70BA\u570B\u52D9\u537F\uFF081801-1809\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u5728\u4EFB\u5167\uFF0C\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u4E3B\u6301\u8CFC\u8CB7\u8DEF\u6613\u65AF\u5B89\u90A3\uFF0C\u5C07\u570B\u571F\u9762\u7A4D\u7FFB\u500D\u3002 \u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u57281808\u5E74\u52DD\u9078\u63A5\u4EFB\uFF0C\u4E26\u65BC1812\u5E74\u9023\u4EFB\u3002\u56E0\u5916\u4EA4\u6297\u722D\u548C\u8CBF\u6613\u7981\u904B\u5931\u6557\uFF0C\u7F8E\u570B\u8207\u82F1\u570B\u5377\u51651812\u5E74\u6230\u722D\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u7F8E\u570B\u8ECD\u529B\u8CA1\u529B\u4E0D\u5F37\uFF0C\u6230\u722D\u6253\u5F97\u4E00\u584C\u7CCA\u5857\u3002\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u4E0D\u5F97\u4E0D\u9055\u5FC3\u652F\u6301\u5F37\u5927\u7684\u570B\u5BB6\u653F\u5E9C\u548C\u8ECD\u968A\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u570B\u5BB6\u9280\u884C\u3002\u53F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u5E38\u8996\u9EA5\u8FEA\u905C\u70BA\u512A\u79C0\u7E3D\u7D71\u3002"@zh . "1751-03-16"^^ . "\u30B8\u30A7\u30FC\u30E0\u30BA\u30FB\u30DE\u30C7\u30A3\u30BD\u30F3\u30FB\u30B8\u30E5\u30CB\u30A2\uFF08James Madison, Jr.\u30011751\u5E743\u670816\u65E5 - 1836\u5E746\u670828\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\u3001\u653F\u6CBB\u5B66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u7B2C4\u4EE3\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u5927\u7D71\u9818\uFF081809\u5E74-1817\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30FB\u30B8\u30A7\u30A4\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30A2\u30EC\u30AF\u30B5\u30F3\u30C0\u30FC\u30FB\u30CF\u30DF\u30EB\u30C8\u30F3\u3068\u5171\u306B\u30B6\u30FB\u30D5\u30A7\u30C7\u30E9\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u3092\u5171\u540C\u57F7\u7B46\u3057\u300C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u61B2\u6CD5\u306E\u7236\u300D\u3068\u898B\u306A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002\u5BFE\u5916\u5BA3\u6226\u5E03\u544A\u3092\u3057\u305F\u521D\u306E\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u307E\u305F\u6226\u707D\u306B\u3088\u308A\u9996\u90FD\u304B\u3089\u907F\u96E3\u3057\u305F\u552F\u4E00\u306E\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u304B\u3064\u3066\u6D41\u901A\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB5000\u30C9\u30EB\u7D19\u5E63\u306B\u305D\u306E\u8096\u50CF\u3092\u898B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u51FA\u6765\u308B\u3002 \u300C\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u61B2\u6CD5\u306E\u7236\u300D\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30DE\u30C7\u30A3\u30BD\u30F3\u306F\u61B2\u6CD5\u306E\u4E3B\u8981\u306A\u57F7\u7B46\u8005\u3060\u3063\u305F\u30021788\u5E74\u3001\u30B6\u30FB\u30D5\u30A7\u30C7\u30E9\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u306E3\u5206\u306E1\u4EE5\u4E0A\u3092\u57F7\u7B46\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u3053\u308C\u306F\u4ECA\u3067\u3082\u61B2\u6CD5\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u5F71\u97FF\u529B\u3042\u308B\u89E3\u8AAC\u306B\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u4E0B\u9662\u8B70\u54E1\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306F\u6700\u521D\u306E\u5927\u7D71\u9818\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308A\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u8B70\u4F1A\u7B2C1\u4F1A\u671F\u3067\u306F\u305D\u306E\u6307\u5C0E\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u591A\u304F\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u7684\u306A\u6CD5\u5F8B\u3092\u8D77\u8349\u3057\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u61B2\u6CD5\u306E\u6700\u521D\u306E\u4FEE\u6B63\u6761\u980510\u304B\u6761\uFF08\u30D0\u30FC\u30B8\u30CB\u30A2\u6A29\u5229\u7AE0\u5178\u306B\u57FA\u3065\u3044\u305F\u3068\u8A00\u308F\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\uFF09\u3092\u8D77\u8349\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u6210\u7ACB\u306B\u5C3D\u529B\u3057\u305F\u306E\u3067\u6A29\u5229\u7AE0\u5178\u306E\u7236\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u653F\u6CBB\u7406\u8AD6\u5BB6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306E\u30DE\u30C7\u30A3\u30BD\u30F3\u306E\u6700\u3082\u660E\u78BA\u306A\u4FE1\u6761\u306F\u3001\u65B0\u751F\u9593\u3082\u306A\u3044\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u304C\u591A\u6570\u306E\u5C02\u5236\u304B\u3089\u500B\u4EBA\u306E\u6A29\u5229\u3092\u5B88\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u6291\u5236\u3068\u5747\u8861\u304C\u5FC5\u8981\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3063\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison (16 Maret 1751 \u2013 28 Juni 1836) adalah politikus Amerika dan Presiden Amerika Serikat ke-4 (1809\u20131817). Ia merupakan salah seorang Bapak Pendiri negara Amerika Serikat."@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison va ser un advocat, pol\u00EDtic, President dels Estats Units entre 1809 i 1817, i un dels \"Pares Fundadors\" de la Constituci\u00F3 dels Estats Units m\u00E9s influents, fins a tal punt que reb\u00E9 el sobrenom de \"El Pare de la Constituci\u00F3\". Entre 1787 i 1788 va escriure juntament amb Alexander Hamilton i John Jay una s\u00E8rie d'assajos publicats en diversos diaris de l'estat de Nova York anomenats que van ajudar a la ratificaci\u00F3 de la Llei Fonamental i que encara avui dia s\u00F3n considerats uns dels escrits m\u00E9s importants per a la interpretaci\u00F3 constitucional. De fet, Madison va ser l'autor m\u00E9s prol\u00EDfic dels tres i va escriure els dos cap\u00EDtols m\u00E9s importants de la s\u00E8rie: \"El Federalista N\u00FAm. 10\" i \"El Fede"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison (ur. 16 marca 1751 w (Wirginia), zm. 28 czerwca 1836 w (Wirginia)) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski polityk i prawnik; 4. prezydent Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych (1809-1817), wcze\u015Bniej cz\u0142onek Izby Reprezentant\u00F3w (1789-1797) i 5. sekretarz stanu Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych (1801-1809). Sygnatariusz Konstytucji Stan\u00F3w Zjednoczonych."@pl . . . "James Madison"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "James Madison, Jr., n\u00E9 le 16 mars 1751 dans le comt\u00E9 de King George (colonie de Virginie) et mort le 28 juin 1836 \u00E0 Orange (Virginie), est un homme d'\u00C9tat am\u00E9ricain, quatri\u00E8me pr\u00E9sident des \u00C9tats-Unis, en fonction de 1809 \u00E0 1817. Membre du Parti r\u00E9publicain-d\u00E9mocrate et d\u00E9l\u00E9gu\u00E9 de la Virginie au Congr\u00E8s continental, il est l'un des P\u00E8res fondateurs des \u00C9tats-Unis. Il est consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme l'un des principaux auteurs de la Constitution am\u00E9ricaine ; Madison s'occupe en particulier de l\u2019\u00E9quilibre entre les pouvoirs l\u00E9gislatif, judiciaire et ex\u00E9cutif et de la d\u00E9claration des droits. Il succ\u00E8de \u00E0 Thomas Jefferson en tant que secr\u00E9taire d'\u00C9tat des \u00C9tats-Unis en 1801 avant d\u2019\u00EAtre \u00E9lu \u00E0 la pr\u00E9sidence sept ans plus tard. Il est par ailleurs proclam\u00E9 citoyen fran\u00E7ais par l'Assembl\u00E9e nationale l\u00E9gislative en 1792."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062C\u064A\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: James Madison, Jr.)\u200F (16 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1751 - 28 \u064A\u0648\u0646\u064A\u0648 1836)\u060C \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1809 \u2013 1817\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0631. \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062F\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064B \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064B \u0641\u064A \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062F\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1787 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062F\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062C\u0648\u0646 \u062C\u0627\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064A\u0633\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u063A\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064A\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1788. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u062A\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u0639\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0639 \u062A\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062C\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062C\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0648\u062A\u0633 (\u062C\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0628 Grass Roots) \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0646\u062A\u0635\u0631\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0646\u062A\u062E\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1800 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u064A\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062B\u0648\u0631\u0629 1800. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062D\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062F\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0623\u062B\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062A\u0648\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u062A\u064A\u0631 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629."@ar . . . . . . "4"^^ . "James Madison, Jr. (Port Conway, 16 de mar\u00E7o de 1751 \u2013 Orange, 28 de junho de 1836) foi um advogado e pol\u00EDtico estadunidense. Foi o quarto Presidente dos Estados Unidos, entre 1809 e 1817. Ele \u00E9 considerado o \"Pai da Constitui\u00E7\u00E3o\" devido ao papel que desempenhou na elabora\u00E7\u00E3o e promo\u00E7\u00E3o da Constitui\u00E7\u00E3o e da Declara\u00E7\u00E3o dos Direitos."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "Portrait by John Vanderlyn, 1816"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC81C\uC784\uC2A4 \uB9E4\uB514\uC2A8"@ko . . . . . . 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"1124676457"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--03-04"^^ . "Constituency established"@en . . . . "James Madison"@fr . . . .