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dbpedia:French_Mandate_of_Lebanon rdfs:label "Frans Mandaat Libanon"@nl ,
"Grand Liban"@fr ,
"French Mandate of Lebanon"@en ;
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dbpprop:abstract "The French Mandate of Lebanon was a League of Nations Mandate created at the end of World War I. When the Ottoman Empire was formally split up by the Treaty of S\u00E8vres in 1920, it was decided that four of its territories in the Middle East should be League of Nations mandates temporarily governed by the United Kingdom and France on behalf of the League. The British were given Palestine and Iraq, while the French were given a mandate over Syria, of which Lebanon was a part. On September 1, 1920, General Gouraud proclaimed the establishment of State of Greater Lebanon with its present boundaries and with Beirut as its capital. The new territory was granted a flag, merging the French flag with the Lebanese cedar. The name Greater Lebanon refers to the incorporation of the former Ottoman districts of Tripoli and Sidon as well as the Bekaa Valley to the existing former autonomous region of Mount Lebanon, which had been established in 1861 to protect the local Christian population. The first Lebanese constitution was promulgated on May 23, 1926, and subsequently amended several times. Modeled after that of the French Third Republic, it provided for a bicameral parliament with Chamber of Deputies and a Senate (although the latter was eventually dropped), a President, and a Council of Ministers, or cabinet. The president was to be elected by the Chamber of Deputies for one six-year term and could not be reelected until a six-year period had elapsed; deputies were to be popularly elected along confessional lines. A custom of selecting major political officers, as well as top ranks within the public administration, according to the proportion of the principal sects in the population was strengthened during this period. Thus, for example, the president ought to be to be a Maronite Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of the Chamber of Deputies a Shia Muslim. Theoretically, the Chamber of Deputies performed the legislative function, but in fact bills were prepared by the executive and submitted to the Chamber of Deputies, which passed them virtually without exception. Under the Constitution, the French high commissioner still exercised supreme power, an arrangement that initially brought objections from the Lebanese nationalists. Nevertheless, Charles Debbas, a Greek Orthodox, was elected the first president of Lebanon three days after the adoption of the Constitution. At the end of Debbas's first term in 1932, Bishara al-Khuri and \u00C9mile Edd\u00E9 competed for the office of president, thus dividing the Chamber of Deputies. To break the deadlock, some deputies suggested Shaykh Muhammad al Jisr, who was chairman of the Council of Ministers and the Muslim leader of Tripoli, as a compromise candidate. However, French high commissioner Henri Ponsot suspended the constitution on May 9, 1932, and extended the term of Debbas for one year; in this way he prevented the election of a Muslim as president. Dissatisfied with Ponsot's conduct, the French authorities replaced him with Comte Damien de Martel, who, on January 30, 1934, appointed Habib Pacha Es-Saad as president for a one-year term (later extended for an additional year). \u00C9mile Edd\u00E9 was elected president on January 30, 1936. A year later, he partially reestablished the Constitution of 1926 and proceeded to hold elections for the Chamber of Deputies. However, the Constitution was again suspended by the French high commissioner in September 1939, at the outbreak of World War II. Lebanon gained its independence in 1943 and the French left the country in 1945."@en ,
"Het Frans Mandaat Syri\u00EB was een Mandaatgebied van de Volkenbond gecre\u00EBerd na de Eerste Wereldoorlog toen het Ottomaanse Rijk gesplitst werd bij de Vrede van S\u00E8vres. In Klein-Azi\u00EB werden vier mandaatgebieden gevormd. De Britten controleerden de mandaatgebieden Palestina en Mesopotami\u00EB, en de Fransen Syri\u00EB en Libanon. In de Tweede Wereldoorlog werd Libanon door Vichy-Frankrijk bestuurd. De Geallieerden veroverden Libanon, waarna de Vrije Fransen onder Charles de Gaulle het bewind overnamen. In 1943 kreeg Libanon de onafhankelijkheid."@nl ,
"Le Grand Liban \u00E9tait un \u00C9tat autonome qui faisait partie de la Syrie entre 1920 et 1926 et qui prit le nom de R\u00E9publique Libanaise en 1926. Le Grand Liban a \u00E9t\u00E9 proclam\u00E9 en 1920 par le G\u00E9n\u00E9ral Henri Joseph Eug\u00E8ne Gouraud, repr\u00E9sentant l'autorit\u00E9 fran\u00E7aise mandataire sur la Syrie, du haut des marches de la R\u00E9sidence des Pins \u00E0 Beyrouth. La formation du Grand Liban consistait \u00E0 tracer, dans ce territoire de l'empire ottoman d\u00E9chu, une fronti\u00E8re s\u00E9parant un \u00C9tat Syrien d'un \u00C9tat libanais annexant \u00E0 l'ancienne Moutassarifiya (circonscription autog\u00E9r\u00E9e dans l'empire ottoman) du Mont-Liban, Beyrouth, les r\u00E9gions de Tripoli, du Akkar, du Hermel et de la Bekaa, ainsi que de Rachaya, Hasbaya, et le Sud-Liban. Ce trac\u00E9 avait \u00E9t\u00E9 souhait\u00E9 par le patriarcat maronite soucieux de la \u00AB viabilit\u00E9 \u00BB du futur \u00C9tat libanais, qui ne pouvait \u00EAtre assur\u00E9e sans les ressources agricoles des territoires ainsi rattach\u00E9s. L'\u00C9tat baassiste syrien a souvent consid\u00E9r\u00E9 ces annexions comme des amputations de la Syrie historique. Le \u00AB Grand Liban \u00BB correspond au Liban actuel."@fr ;
rdfs:comment "The French Mandate of Lebanon was a League of Nations Mandate created at the end of World War I. When the Ottoman Empire was formally split up by the Treaty of S\u00E8vres in 1920, it was decided that four of its territories in the Middle East should be League of Nations mandates temporarily governed by the United Kingdom and France on behalf of the League. The British were given Palestine and Iraq, while the French were given a mandate over Syria, of which Lebanon was a part."@en ,
"Le Grand Liban \u00E9tait un \u00C9tat autonome qui faisait partie de la Syrie entre 1920 et 1926 et qui prit le nom de R\u00E9publique Libanaise en 1926. Le Grand Liban a \u00E9t\u00E9 proclam\u00E9 en 1920 par le G\u00E9n\u00E9ral Henri Joseph Eug\u00E8ne Gouraud, repr\u00E9sentant l'autorit\u00E9 fran\u00E7aise mandataire sur la Syrie, du haut des marches de la R\u00E9sidence des Pins \u00E0 Beyrouth."@fr ,
"Het Frans Mandaat Syri\u00EB was een Mandaatgebied van de Volkenbond gecre\u00EBerd na de Eerste Wereldoorlog toen het Ottomaanse Rijk gesplitst werd bij de Vrede van S\u00E8vres. In Klein-Azi\u00EB werden vier mandaatgebieden gevormd. De Britten controleerden de mandaatgebieden Palestina en Mesopotami\u00EB, en de Fransen Syri\u00EB en Libanon. In de Tweede Wereldoorlog werd Libanon door Vichy-Frankrijk bestuurd. De Geallieerden veroverden Libanon, waarna de Vrije Fransen onder Charles de Gaulle het bewind overnamen."@nl ;
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