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      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Francesco Sforza var en italiensk condottiere, hertug av Milano, og stamfar til fyrstehuset Sforza." , "lang" : "no" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Francesco Sforza was de grondlegger van de Sforza-dynastie in de Italiaanse staat Milaan. Hij was de zoon van de condottiere Muzio Sforza, die hij opvolgde als leider over een leger huurlingen (een condotta). Men zei dat Francesco ijzeren staven met zijn blote handen kon buigen. Professioneel gezien redde hij een aantal keren de nek van de heersende familie Visconti, waarvoor hij als beloning met Bianca, de dochter van hertog Filippo Maria Visconti mocht trouwen. Filippo zelf liet echter geen troonopvolger na, en na een kort machtsvacu\u00FCm nam Francesco de titel van hertog van Milaan aan. Als hertog introduceerde hij een nieuw belastingstelsel, wat de overheid enorme sommen geld opleverde. Aan zijn hof werden in het kader van de Renaissance talloze boeken over uiteenlopende onderwerpen geschreven. Sforza raakte ook bevriend met de Florentijnse heerser, Cosimo de' Medici, waaruit de Vrede van Lodi voortvloeide. Dankzij dit verdrag werd de politieke situatie in heel Noord-Itali\u00EB gestabiliseerd." , "lang" : "nl" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Francesco I. Sforza, \u010Desky: Franti\u0161ek I. Sforza, byl italsk\u00FDm vojev\u016Fdcem (condottiero) a prvn\u00EDm mil\u00E1nsk\u00FDm v\u00E9vodou z rodu Sforz\u016F." , "lang" : "cs" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Francesco Sforza (parfois francis\u00E9 en Fran\u00E7ois Sforza) \u00E9tait un chef de guerre italien, devenu duc de Milan, qui a marqu\u00E9 le XV\u00A0si\u00E8cle." , "lang" : "fr" } ,
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      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Francesco Sforza war der Gr\u00FCnder der Dynastie der Sforza in Mailand. Er war der uneheliche Sohn von Muzio Attendolo Sforza und der Lucia von Torsano. Nach dem Tod seines Vaters 1424 \u00FCbernahm er die F\u00FChrung von dessen S\u00F6ldnertruppe, f\u00FCr die er sich zum einen durch reine K\u00F6rperkraft (er war ber\u00FChmt daf\u00FCr, Metall mit blo\u00DFen H\u00E4nden zu biegen), sp\u00E4ter aber auch als au\u00DFergew\u00F6hnlicher Taktiker und Kommandeur qualifizierte. Er diente den Visconti gegen Venedig und dann Venedig gegen die Visconti, griff den Papst an, vertrieb ihn aus der Romagna und verteidigte ihn sp\u00E4ter. Francesco Sforza heiratete in erster Ehe am 19. Oktober 1418 Polissena Ruffo, Tochter des Carlo Ruffo, Graf von Montalto. Mit ihr hatte er eine Tochter, die ebenfalls Polissena hie\u00DF und bereits 1420 starb, im gleichen Jahr starb auch die Mutter. 1441 heiratete er Bianca Maria (um 1424\u20131468), die einzige Tochter von Filippo Maria Visconti, dem Herzog von Mailand. Er erhielt Pontremoli und Cremona als Mitgift, sowie die Zusage der Nachfolge im Herzogtum. Die kurzlebige Ambrosianische Republik, die von den Mail\u00E4ndern beim Tod Viscontis (1447) errichtet wurde, wurde von Francesco unterworfen, der am 25. M\u00E4rz 1450 triumphal als Herzog in der Stadt einzog. Im Frieden von Lodi erreichte er 1454 die Anerkennung seiner Herrschaft durch die Republik Venedig, der sich bald darauf die anderen italienischen Staaten anschlossen. Er unterdr\u00FCckte einen Aufstand in Piacenza, verb\u00FCndete sich eng mit Cosimo de Medici (1389\u20131464) und Ludwig XI. von Frankreich (regierte 1461\u20131483) und beherrschte die Lombardei, einige Bereiche s\u00FCdlich des Po und sogar Genua. Er lie\u00DF die Festung Porta Giovio wieder aufbauen, das gro\u00DFe Hospital errichten und den Kanal von Martesana, der Mailand mit der Adda verbindet; sein Hof, den er mit italienischen Gelehrten und griechischen Verbannten f\u00FCllte, wurde schnell einer der hervorragendsten in Italien. Seine Tochter Ippolita war f\u00FCr ihre lateinischen Reden ber\u00FChmt. Francesco hinterlie\u00DF mehrere S\u00F6hne, darunter Galeazzo Maria, Ludovico, genannt \u201Eil Moro\u201C (\u201Eder Dunkle\u201C oder \u201Eder Mohr\u201C), und Ascagnio Sforza, der Kardinal wurde. Francesco wird mehrfach in Machiavellis \u201EIl principe\u201C erw\u00E4hnt; er wird durchg\u00E4ngig gelobt f\u00FCr seine F\u00E4higkeiten als Regent, aber auch als Warnung vorgef\u00FChrt, sich nicht mit S\u00F6ldnertruppen abzugeben. Von seiner zweiten Frau Bianca Maria Visconti hatte er folgende Kinder: Galeazzo Maria Sforza (1444\u20131476), Herzog von Mailand 1466 Ascagnio Sforza (1445\u20131505), 1484 Kardinal Ippolita Sforza (* 18. April 1446; \u2020 20. August 1484), \u221E 1465 Alfons II. von Aragon, K\u00F6nig von Neapel (1448\u20131495), Filippo Maria Sforza (1448\u20131492), \u221E Konstanze Sforza, Tochter des Bosio Sforza Sforza Maria Sforza (18. Aug. 1451 \u2013 29. Juli 1479), Herzog von Bari Ludovico Sforza, \u201Eil Moro\u201C (1451\u20131508), Herzog von Mailand (1494\u20131499) Ottaviano Sforza (\u2020 1477) Elisabetta Sforza (\u2020 1473), \u221E 1469 Wilhelm VIII. Markgraf von Montferrat (\u2020 1483)" , "lang" : "de" } ,
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      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Francesco Sforza fue un condotiero italiano, fundador de la dinast\u00EDa Sforza en Mil\u00E1n." , "lang" : "es" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Francesco I Sforza, ksi\u0105\u017C\u0119 Mediolanu w latach 1450-1466, pierwszy w\u0142adca z dynastii Sforz\u00F3w. By\u0142 jednym z siedmiu nie\u015Blubnych dzieci Muzia Attendolo Sforzy, za\u0142o\u017Cyciela rodziny Sforz\u00F3w i Lucii Torsano. Podobnie jak ojciec w pocz\u0105tkach kariery by\u0142 kondotierem. Drog\u0105 maria\u017Cy doszed\u0142 do znaczenia i bogactwa." , "lang" : "pl" } ,
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