@prefix dbpprop: . @prefix dbpedia: . dbpedia:Homeopathy dbpprop:topics dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Aaron_Klug dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Alexander_Borodin dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Arne_Tiselius dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Avram_Hershko dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Axel_Fredrik_Cronstedt dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Carl_Bosch dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Hermann_Emil_Fischer dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Ernest_Solvay dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Francis_William_Aston dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Friedrich_Bergius dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Hermann_Staudinger dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Jean-Antoine_Chaptal dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Johan_August_Arfwedson dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Johann_Josef_Loschmidt dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:John_Bennett_Fenn dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Leopold_Gmelin dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Louis-Bernard_Guyton_de_Morveau dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Marcellin_Berthelot dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Nikolay_Semyonov dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Otto_Diels dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Peter_Agre dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Pierre_Joseph_Pelletier dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . @prefix rdf: . @prefix opencyc: . dbpedia:Chemistry rdf:type opencyc:Mx4rvVi3_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA . @prefix owl: . @prefix ns5: . dbpedia:Chemistry owl:sameAs ns5:Mx4rvVixcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA , opencyc:Mx4rvVixcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA , . @prefix foaf: . @prefix ns7: . dbpedia:Chemistry foaf:page ns7:Chemistry . @prefix rdfs: . dbpedia:Chemistry rdfs:label "Qu\u00EDmica"@ca , "\u0425\u0456\u043C\u0456\u044F"@uk , "Qu\u00EDmica"@es , "Chemie"@de , "Chemistry"@en , "Chemie"@cs , "Chimica"@it , "Scheikunde"@nl , "\u0425\u0438\u043C\u0438\u044F"@ru , "Kemia"@fi , "Chimie"@fr , "Qu\u00EDmica"@pt , "Kimya"@tr , "Chimie"@ro , "Chemia"@pl , "Chemistry"@ro , "K\u00E9mia"@hu , "\u5316\u5B66"@ja , "Kjemi"@no , "\u5316\u5B66"@zh , "Kemi"@sv . @prefix dbpedia-owl: . dbpedia:Chemistry dbpedia-owl:thumbnail ; dbpprop:abstract "La qu\u00EDmica \u00E9s la ci\u00E8ncia que estudia la composici\u00F3, estructura, i propietats de la mat\u00E8ria i els canvis que aquesta experimenta durant les reaccions qu\u00EDmiques. L'etimologia de la paraula qu\u00EDmica prov\u00E9 del baix llat\u00ED chimia, de l'\u00E0rab k\u012Bmiy\u00E3\u00B4, \"pedra filosofal\", i aquest, probablement del grec khyme\u00EDa \"mescla de sucs\". La ubicuitat de la qu\u00EDmica en les ci\u00E8ncies naturals fa que sigui considerada com una de les ci\u00E8ncies b\u00E0siques. La qu\u00EDmica \u00E9s d'import\u00E0ncia en molts camps del coneixement, com la ci\u00E8ncia de materials, la biologia, la farm\u00E0cia, la medicina, la geologia, l'enginyeria i l'astronomia, entre altres. Els processos naturals estudiats per la qu\u00EDmica involucren part\u00EDcules fonamentals, part\u00EDcules compostes o estructures microsc\u00F2piques com cristalls i superf\u00EDcies. Com exemples de reaccions qu\u00EDmiques tenim: La formaci\u00F3 de mol\u00E8cules o ions a partir de la col\u00B7lisi\u00F3 de dos \u00E0toms. La fragmentaci\u00F3, ionitzaci\u00F3 o canvi d'estructura d'una mol\u00E8cula despr\u00E9s de ser irradiada amb llum. L'absorci\u00F3 d'un \u00E0tom o mol\u00E8cula sobre una superf\u00EDcie. El fluix d'electrons entre dos s\u00F2lids en contacte. El canvi estructural en una prote\u00EFna davant l'est\u00EDmul apropiat. Des del punt de vista microsc\u00F2pic, les part\u00EDcules involucrades en una reacci\u00F3 qu\u00EDmica poden considerar-se com un sistema tancat que intercanvia energia amb el seu entorn. En processos exot\u00E8rmics, el sistema allibera energia al seu entorn, mentre que un proc\u00E9s endot\u00E8rmic solament pot oc\u00F3rrer quan l'entorn aporta energia al sistema que reacciona. En la gran majoria de les reaccions qu\u00EDmiques hi ha flux d'energia entre el sistema i el seu camp d'influ\u00E8ncia, per la qual cosa podem estendre la definici\u00F3 de reacci\u00F3 qu\u00EDmica i involucrar l'energia cin\u00E8tica (calor) com un reactiu o producte. La gran import\u00E0ncia dels sistemes biol\u00F2gics fa que en els nostres dies gran part del treball de qu\u00EDmica sigui de naturalesa bioqu\u00EDmica. Entre els problemes m\u00E9s interessants es troben, per exemple, l'estudi del desdoblament de les prote\u00EFnes i la relaci\u00F3 entre seq\u00FC\u00E8ncia, estructura i funci\u00F3 de prote\u00EFnes. Si hi ha una part\u00EDcula important i representativa en la qu\u00EDmica \u00E9s l'electr\u00F3. Un dels majors assoliments de la qu\u00EDmica \u00E9s haver arribat a l'enteniment de la relaci\u00F3 entre reactivitat qu\u00EDmica i configuraci\u00F3 electr\u00F2nica d'\u00E0toms, mol\u00E8cules o s\u00F2lids. Els qu\u00EDmics han pres els principis de la mec\u00E0nica qu\u00E0ntica i les seves solucions fonamentals per a sistemes de pocs electrons i els han est\u00E8s a sistemes realistes. La idea d'orbital at\u00F2mic i d'orbital molecular \u00E9s una forma sistem\u00E0tica en la qual la formaci\u00F3 d'enlla\u00E7os \u00E9s entenedor i \u00E9s la sofisticaci\u00F3 dels models inicials d'enlla\u00E7 del diagrama de Lewis. Fitxer:Aspirin-3D-vdW. png|Representaci\u00F3 de l'\u00E0cid acetilsalic\u00EDlic Fitxer:Fotothek df n-08 0000004. jpg|Laboratori de qu\u00EDmica Fitxer:Plastic household items. jpg|Objectes dom\u00E8stics fabricats amb pol\u00EDmers sint\u00E8tics Fitxer:Oil-spill. jpg|Contaminaci\u00F3 d'una platja per vertit de petroli Fitxer:Copper sulfate. jpg|Cristall de sulfat de coure (II)"@ca , "Kemi \u00E4r vetenskapen om materiens uppbyggnad, egenskaper och omvandlingar, p\u00E5 materiens organisationsniv\u00E5 \u00F6ver enskilda atomer. \u00C4mnet kemi, som \u00E4r en av naturvetenskaperna, \u00E4r mycket brett och delas traditionellt in i organisk, oorganisk, analytisk och fysikalisk kemi samt biokemi, men p\u00E5 senare \u00E5r har nya grenar som milj\u00F6kemi och materialkemi tillkommit. Varje enskild gren \u00F6verlappar ofta med delar av andra vetenskaper, till exempel fysik, biologi och geologi. Med kemins hj\u00E4lp skapas bland annat nya material och l\u00E4kemedel, och ges f\u00F6rst\u00E5else f\u00F6r hur livsprocesser fungerar. Ursprunget till kemin finns i alkemin som bland annat str\u00E4vade efter att f\u00F6rvandla olika o\u00E4dla metaller till guld. Ordet kemi kommer fr\u00E5n arabiska kimia, alkemi. Kemi betyder ungef\u00E4r: Ett \u00E4mne om \u00E4mnen."@sv , "\u0425\u0456\u0301\u043C\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A \u043F\u0440\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E-\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D \u0440\u0443\u0439\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F, \u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0457\u0445 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0456 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u0454 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043A, \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0457\u0445 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0443\u043C\u043E\u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D \u0432 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0456, \u043F\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D \u0443 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0456, \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u0457\u0445 \u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u043C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u043C\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043A, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0445\u0456\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0439."@uk , "\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Helium atom QM. svg \u5316\u5B66 - \u539F\u5B50\u6838\u3068\u96FB\u5B50\u304B\u3089\u306A\u308B\u539F\u5B50\u3068\u3001\u539F\u5B50\u3092\u7D44\u307F\u5408\u308F\u305B\u305F\u5206\u5B50\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305D\u306E\u69CB\u9020\u306A\u3069\u3092\u7814\u7A76\u3059\u308B\u5B66\u554F\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u5316\u5B66\uFF08\u304B\u304C\u304F\u3001Chemistry\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u539F\u5B50\u30FB\u5206\u5B50\u3092\u7269\u8CEA\u306E\u69CB\u6210\u8981\u7D20\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3001\u7269\u8CEA\u306E\u69CB\u9020\u30FB\u6027\u8CEA\u30FB\u53CD\u5FDC\u3092\u7814\u7A76\u3059\u308B\u81EA\u7136\u79D1\u5B66\u306E\u4E00\u5206\u91CE\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u65E5\u672C\u3067\u306F\u5E55\u672B\u304B\u3089\u660E\u6CBB\u521D\u671F\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u306F\u30BB\u30A4\u30DF\uFF08\u820E\u5BC6\uFF09\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u305F\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u8A9E\u3067\u306F\u540C\u97F3\u7570\u7FA9\u306E\u300C\u79D1\u5B66\u300D\uFF08science\uFF09\u3068\u306E\u6DF7\u540C\u3092\u907F\u3051\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001\u5316\u5B66\u3092\u6E6F\u6876\u8AAD\u307F\u3057\u3066\u300C\u3070\u3051\u304C\u304F\u300D\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3076\u3002 \u5316\u5B66\u5206\u91CE\u306E\u5177\u4F53\u7684\u306A\u9805\u76EE\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u306A\u3089\u3073\u306B\u5316\u5B66\u30AB\u30C6\u30B4\u30EA\u3092\u53C2\u7167\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3044\u3002"@ja , "Qu\u00EDmica (do eg\u00EDpcio k\u0113me, significando \"terra\") \u00E9 a ci\u00EAncia que trata das subst\u00E2ncias da natureza, dos elementos que a constituem, de suas caracter\u00EDsticas, propriedades combinat\u00F3rias, processos de obten\u00E7\u00E3o, suas aplica\u00E7\u00F5es e sua identifica\u00E7\u00E3o. Estuda a maneira pela qual os elementos se ligam e reagem entre si, bem como a energia desprendida ou absorvida durante estas transforma\u00E7\u00F5es."@pt , "Kjemi er vitenskapen om stoffenes egenskaper, sammensetting og reaksjoner. Kjemi slik vi kjenner det i dag, oppsto som en eksakt vitenskap p\u00E5 16- og 1700-tallet da alkymien la grunnlaget for utviklingen av kjemisk vitenskap. Kjemi blir ofte kalt \"den sentrale vitenskap\" fordi den fletter sammen andre grener fra naturvitenskapen som astronomi, fysikk, materialteknologi, biologi og geologi. Denne sammenflettingen har blitt formet av underemner innen kjemi som belyser konsepter fra mange naturvitenskapelige grener. Fysikalsk kjemi inkluderer for eksempel prinsipper innen fysikk p\u00E5 atom- og molekylniv\u00E5."@no , "Scheikunde of chemie is een natuurwetenschap die zich richt op de studie van samenstelling en bouw van stoffen, de chemische veranderingen die plaatsvinden onder bepaalde omstandigheden, en de wetmatigheden die daaruit te destilleren zijn. Chemie is sterk verwant met de natuurkunde of fysica. De tak van wetenschap die beide verbindt is de fysische chemie. Ook met andere natuurwetenschappen zijn aan het grensvlak nieuwe disciplines ontstaan zoals de biochemie en geochemie."@nl , "Die Chemie ist die Lehre vom Aufbau, Verhalten und der Umwandlung von Stoffen sowie den dabei geltenden Gesetzm\u00E4\u00DFigkeiten. Die Chemie entstand in ihrer heutigen Form als exakte Naturwissenschaft im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert allm\u00E4hlich aus der Anwendung rationalen Schlussfolgerns basierend auf Beobachtungen und Experimenten der Alchemie. Einige der ersten gro\u00DFen Chemiker waren Robert Boyle, Humphry Davy, J\u00F6ns Jakob Berzelius, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis Proust, Marie und Antoine Lavoisier und Justus von Liebig. Bei chemischen Reaktionen werden Bindungen zwischen Atomen getrennt und neu gebildet, es findet also eine Stoffver\u00E4nderung statt. Da die f\u00FCr die Chemie relevanten Eigenschaften der Atome fast ausschlie\u00DFlich in der Struktur ihrer Elektronen begr\u00FCndet liegen, k\u00F6nnen grundlegende Aufgabengebiete der Chemie auch als \u201EPhysik der \u00E4u\u00DFeren Elektronenh\u00FClle\u201C betrachtet werden. Alle Eingriffe, die die Art des Stoffes (Stoff = Substanz) unver\u00E4ndert lassen, geh\u00F6ren zur Physik. Zur Kernphysik z\u00E4hlen Ver\u00E4nderungen am Atomkern."@de , "\u5316\u5B78\u662F\u4E00\u9580\u7814\u7A76\u7269\u8CEA\u7684\u6027\u8CEA\u3001\u7D44\u6210\u3001\u7D50\u69CB\u3001\u8B8A\u5316\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u7269\u8CEA\u9593\u76F8\u4E92\u4F5C\u7528\u95DC\u4FC2\u7684\u79D1\u5B78\u3002\u300C\u5316\u5B78\u300D\u4E00\u8A5E\uFF0C\u82E5\u55AE\u5F9E\u5B57\u9762\u89E3\u91CB\u5C31\u662F\u300C\u8B8A\u5316\u7684\u79D1\u5B78\u300D\u4E4B\u610F\u3002\u5316\u5B78\u5982\u540C\u7269\u7406\u7686\u70BA\u81EA\u7136\u79D1\u5B78\u4E4B\u57FA\u790E\u79D1\u5B78\u3002\u5F88\u591A\u4EBA\u7A31\u5316\u5B78\u70BA\u300C\u4E2D\u5FC3\u79D1\u5B78\u300D(Central science)\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5316\u5B78\u70BA\u90E8\u5206\u79D1\u5B78\u5B78\u9580\u7684\u6838\u5FC3\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u6750\u6599\u79D1\u5B78\u3001\u5948\u7C73\u79D1\u6280\u3001\u751F\u7269\u5316\u5B78\u3002 \u5316\u5B78\u7814\u7A76\u7684\u5C0D\u8C61\u6D89\u53CA\u7269\u8CEA\u4E4B\u9593\u7684\u76F8\u4E92\u95DC\u4FC2\uFF0C\u6216\u7269\u8CEA\u548C\u80FD\u91CF\u4E4B\u9593\u7684\u95DC\u806F\u3002\u50B3\u7D71\u7684\u5316\u5B78\u5E38\u5E38\u90FD\u662F\u95DC\u65BC\u5169\u7A2E\u7269\u8CEA\u63A5\u89F8\u3001\u8B8A\u5316\uFF0C\u5373\u300C\u5316\u5B78\u53CD\u61C9\u300D\uFF0C\u53C8\u6216\u8005\u662F\u4E00\u7A2E\u7269\u8CEA\u8B8A\u6210\u53E6\u4E00\u7A2E\u7269\u8CEA\u7684\u904E\u7A0B\u3002\u9019\u4E9B\u8B8A\u5316\u6709\u6642\u6703\u9700\u8981\u4F7F\u7528\u96FB\u78C1\u6CE2\uFF0C\u7576\u4E2D\u96FB\u78C1\u6CE2\u8CA0\u8CAC\u6FC0\u767C\u5316\u5B78\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u4E0D\u904E\u6709\u6642\u5316\u5B78\u90FD\u4E0D\u4E00\u5B9A\u8981\u95DC\u65BC\u7269\u8CEA\u4E4B\u9593\u7684\u53CD\u61C9\u3002\u5149\u8B5C\u5B78\u7814\u7A76\u7269\u8CEA\u8207\u5149\u4E4B\u9593\u7684\u95DC\u4FC2\uFF0C\u800C\u9019\u4E9B\u95DC\u4FC2\u4E26\u4E0D\u6D89\u53CA\u5316\u5B78\u53CD\u61C9\u3002 \u7814\u7A76\u5316\u5B78\u7684\u5B78\u8005\u7A31\u70BA\u5316\u5B78\u5BB6\u3002\u5728\u5316\u5B78\u5BB6\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\u4E2D\u4E00\u5207\u7269\u8CEA\u90FD\u662F\u7531\u539F\u5B50\u6216\u6BD4\u539F\u5B50\u66F4\u7D30\u5C0F\u7684\u7269\u8CEA\u7D44\u6210\uFF0C\u5982\u96FB\u5B50\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5B50\u548C\u8CEA\u5B50\u3002\u4E00\u5806\u539F\u5B50\u7D50\u5408\u4EE5\u5F8C\u53EF\u4EE5\u6210\u70BA\u5404\u7A2E\u5176\u4ED6\u7269\u8CEA\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\u5206\u5B50\u3001\u96E2\u5B50\u6216\u8005\u6676\u9AD4\u3002 \u7576\u4EE3\u7684\u5316\u5B78\u5DF2\u767C\u5C55\u51FA\u8A31\u591A\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u5B78\u9580\uFF0C\u901A\u5E38\u6BCF\u4E00\u4F4D\u5316\u5B78\u5BB6\u53EA\u5C08\u7CBE\u65BC\u5176\u4E2D\u4E00\u3001\u5169\u9580\u3002\u5728\u4E2D\u5B78\u8AB2\u7A0B\u4E2D\u7684\u5316\u5B78\uFF0C\u5316\u5B78\u5BB6\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u666E\u901A\u5316\u5B78\u300D(General Chemistry)\u3002\u666E\u901A\u5316\u5B78\u662F\u5316\u5B78\u7684\u5C0E\u8AD6\u3002\u666E\u901A\u5316\u5B78\u8AB2\u7A0B\u63D0\u4F9B\u521D\u5B78\u8005\u5165\u9580\u7C21\u55AE\u7684\u6982\u5FF5\uFF0C\u76F8\u8F03\u65BC\u5C08\u696D\u5B78\u9580\u9818\u57DF\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u4E26\u4E0D\u751A\u6DF1\u5165\u548C\u7CBE\u78BA\uFF0C\u4F46\u666E\u901A\u5316\u5B78\u63D0\u4F9B\u5316\u5B78\u5BB6\u76F4\u89C0\u3001\u5716\u50CF\u5316\u7684\u601D\u7DAD\u65B9\u5F0F\u3002\u5373\u4F7F\u662F\u5C08\u696D\u5316\u5B78\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4ECD\u7528\u9019\u4E9B\u7C21\u55AE\u6982\u5FF5\u4F86\u89E3\u91CB\u548C\u601D\u8003\u4E00\u4E9B\u8907\u96DC\u7684\u77E5\u8B58\u3002"@zh , "A k\u00E9mia (a perzsa \u201E\u06A9\u06CC\u0645\u06CC\u0627\u201D, \u201EKimia\u201D \u00E9s a g\u00F6r\u00F6g \u201E\u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\u201D, \u201Ekh\u00E9meia\u201D sz\u00F3b\u00F3l) vagy vegy\u00E9szet az anyagok min\u0151s\u00E9gi v\u00E1ltoz\u00E1saival foglalkoz\u00F3 term\u00E9szettudom\u00E1ny. A modern fizika eredm\u00E9nyeinek hat\u00E1s\u00E1ra azonban ez a defin\u00EDci\u00F3 csak \u00FAgy \u00E1llja meg a hely\u00E9t, ha mag\u00E1nak az anyagnak a fogalm\u00E1t terjesztj\u00FCk ki. A 20. sz\u00E1zad m\u00E1sodik fel\u00E9t\u0151l m\u00E1r nem csak a korpuszkul\u00E1ris jelleg\u0171 entit\u00E1sokat tekintj\u00FCk anyagnak, hanem p\u00E9ld\u00E1ul a gravit\u00E1ci\u00F3s mez\u0151t, a f\u00E9nyt is; ez -leegyszer\u0171s\u00EDtve- abb\u00F3l k\u00F6vetkezik, hogy az energi\u00E1t az anyag egyik megjelen\u00E9si form\u00E1j\u00E1nak tartjuk, amit az E=mc \u00F6sszef\u00FCgg\u00E9s fejez ki. A k\u00E9mia napjainkban szorosan kapcsol\u00F3dik a t\u00F6bbi term\u00E9szettudom\u00E1nyhoz: a fizik\u00E1hoz, biol\u00F3gi\u00E1hoz, matematik\u00E1hoz, f\u00F6ldrajzhoz; eredm\u00E9nyei n\u00E9lk\u00FCl elk\u00E9pzelhetetlen a modern orvostudom\u00E1ny, \u00E9s a m\u0171szaki tudom\u00E1nyok alaposabb ismeret\u00E9hez is elengedhetetlen. A sokir\u00E1ny\u00FA k\u00F6t\u0151d\u00E9s interdiszciplin\u00E1ris tudom\u00E1nyok eg\u00E9sz sor\u00E1t eredm\u00E9nyezte, melyeknek szint\u00E9n egyre n\u00F6vekv\u0151 jelent\u0151s\u00E9g\u00FCk van. A k\u00E9mia alaptudom\u00E1ny, alkalmazott tudom\u00E1ny \u00E9s k\u00EDs\u00E9rleti tudom\u00E1ny egyben."@hu , "\u0425\u0438\u0301\u043C\u0438\u044F \u00A0\u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430 \u043E \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041F\u043E\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0432, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0431\u043B\u0430\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u044F\u043C \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044B, \u0442\u043E \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u044F \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0438 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439. \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043C\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0438\u00A0\u2014 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u044B \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u043C \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043D\u044F\u044E\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0425\u0438\u043C\u0438\u044E \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A. \u041E\u043D\u0430 \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043A\u043E-\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E-\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0438. \u042D\u0442\u043E \u0434\u0435\u043B\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u044E \u00AB\u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0439-\u0433\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C\u00BB. \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u044F \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u0439 \u043E\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A."@ru , "La chimie est une science de la nature divis\u00E9e en plusieurs sp\u00E9cialit\u00E9s, \u00E0 l'instar de la physique et de la biologie avec lesquelles elle partage des espaces d'investigations communs ou proches. Pour reprendre un canevas de pr\u00E9sentation propos\u00E9e par la plus grande association de chimistes au monde, l'American Chemical Society, la chimie \u00E9tudie : les \u00E9l\u00E9ments chimiques \u00E0 l'\u00E9tat libre, atomes ou ions atomiques, et les innombrables et diverses associations par liaisons chimiques qui engendrent notamment des compos\u00E9s mol\u00E9culaires stables ou des interm\u00E9diaires plus ou moins instables. Ces entit\u00E9s de mati\u00E8re peuvent \u00EAtre caract\u00E9ris\u00E9es par une identit\u00E9 reli\u00E9e \u00E0 des caract\u00E9ristiques quantiques et des propri\u00E9t\u00E9s pr\u00E9cises. les processus qui changent ou modifient l'identit\u00E9 de ces particules ou mol\u00E9cules de mati\u00E8re, d\u00E9nomm\u00E9s r\u00E9action, transformation, interaction... les m\u00E9canismes intervenant dans les processus chimiques ou les \u00E9quilibres physique entre deux formes. Leurs d\u00E9finitions pr\u00E9cises permettent de comprendre ou d'interpr\u00E9ter avec des hypoth\u00E8ses l'\u00E9volution mat\u00E9rielle avec en vue une exploitation des r\u00E9sultats de fa\u00E7on directe ou induite. les ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes fondamentaux observables en rapport avec les forces de la nature qui jouent un r\u00F4le chimique, favorisant les r\u00E9actions ou synth\u00E8se, addition, combinaison ou d\u00E9composition, s\u00E9paration de phases ou extraction. L'analyse permet de d\u00E9couvrir les compositions, le marquage s\u00E9lectif ouvre la voie \u00E0 un sch\u00E9ma r\u00E9actionnel coh\u00E9rent dans des m\u00E9langes complexes. La taille des entit\u00E9s chimiques varie des simples atomes ou mol\u00E9cules nanom\u00E9triques aux \u00E9difices mol\u00E9culaires de plusieurs dizaines de milliers d'atomes dans les macromol\u00E9cules, l'ADN ou prot\u00E9ines de la mati\u00E8re vivante (infra)microm\u00E9trique, jusqu'\u00E0 des dimensions parfois macroscopiques des cristaux. En incluant l'\u00E9lectron libre composant des r\u00E9actions radicalaires, les dimensions des principaux domaines d'application se situent globalement entre le femtom\u00E8tre (10 m)et le microm\u00E8tre (10 m). L'\u00E9tude du monde \u00E0 l'\u00E9chelle mol\u00E9culaire soumise paradoxalement \u00E0 des lois singuli\u00E8res, comme le prouvent les r\u00E9cents d\u00E9veloppements nanotechnologiques, permet de mieux comprendre les d\u00E9tails de notre monde macroscopique. La chimie est qualifi\u00E9e de \u00AB science centrale \u00BB en raison des puissants liens qu'elle poss\u00E8de avec la biologie et la physique, ainsi qu'avec la m\u00E9decine, la pharmacie, l'informatique et la science des mat\u00E9riaux, sans oublier des domaines appliqu\u00E9s tels que le g\u00E9nie des proc\u00E9d\u00E9s. Si la physique est devenue h\u00E9g\u00E9monique dans le champ de la science de la mati\u00E8re, elle le doit \u00E0 la consid\u00E9ration de l'h\u00E9ritage coh\u00E9rent des structures atomiques longtemps d\u00E9fendues de fa\u00E7on isol\u00E9e par des chimistes marginaux avant le XX si\u00E8cle."@fr , "Chimia este una din \u015Ftiin\u0163ele fundamentale, care studiaz\u0103 substan\u0163ele cu structura \u015Fi propriet\u0103\u0163ile lor, urm\u0103rind \u00EEn acela\u015Fi timp modific\u0103rile produse asupra acestora de reac\u0163iile chimice."@ro , "Kemia on aineen koostumusta, ominaisuuksia ja muuttumista tutkiva tiede. Kemia tutkii aineiden rakennetta ja k\u00E4ytt\u00E4ytymist\u00E4 sek\u00E4 etsii keinoja aineiden tunnistamiseksi ja valmistamiseksi. Kemiantutkimuksen tuloksia ovat esimerkiksi muovit, maalit, l\u00E4\u00E4kkeet, lannoitteet, polttoaineet, metalliseokset."@fi , "Kimya bilimi do\u011Fada mevcut olan b\u00FCt\u00FCn maddeleri inceleyen bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r, t\u00FCm madde-enerji ili\u015Fikleri baz al\u0131nd\u0131\u011F\u0131nda Kimya, en genel tan\u0131mda \"k\u00FC\u00E7\u00FCk cisimlerin hareketini inceleyen bir mekaniktir\". Kimya'da b\u00FCy\u00FCk (y\u0131\u011F\u0131nla) maddenin makroskopik incelenmesi yaln\u0131zca Termodinamik ve Ak\u0131\u015Fkanlar Mekani\u011Fi alt dallar\u0131nda s\u00F6z konusudur; geriye kalan t\u00FCm Kimya bir \u00E7e\u015Fit mikrofiziktir. Fizik ile Kimya aras\u0131nda asla bir s\u0131n\u0131r yoktur, \u00F6z\u00FCnde iki bilim dal\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015Feydir; Fizik Kimya'ya ek olarak b\u00FCy\u00FCk cisimlerin hareketleriyle de ilgilenir, \u00F6rne\u011Fin D\u00FCnya-G\u00FCne\u015F-Ay \u00FC\u00E7l\u00FCs\u00FCn\u00FCn birbirine g\u00F6re yapt\u0131\u011F\u0131 ba\u011F\u0131l hareketin mekani\u011Fi Kimya biliminin d\u0131\u015F\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bu da Fizik biliminden mevcut tek fark\u0131d\u0131r. Yakla\u015F\u0131k 3,5 milyon organik, 2 milyon kadar da anorganik bile\u015Fik oldu\u011Fu d\u00FC\u015F\u00FCn\u00FCl\u00FCrse, Kimya bilimi yakla\u015F\u0131k 6 milyon bile\u015Fi\u011Fin incelenmesini kapsar, bu konudaki bilgi ve etkinlikleri sistemli hale getirmek, bir sistematik geli\u015Ftirmek amac\u0131yla birbiriyle ilgili bile\u015Fikleri, sistemleri, y\u00F6ntemleri ve ama\u00E7lar\u0131n\u0131 gruplayan bir\u00E7ok alt dala ayr\u0131l\u0131r: Analitik kimya, Biyokimya, (\u0130norganik kimya) Anorganik kimya, Organik kimya, Fizikokimya, Kuantum Mekani\u011Fi, \u0130statistik Mekanik, Kuantum kimyas\u0131, N\u00FCkleer kimya, Kat\u0131 hal kimyas\u0131, S\u0131v\u0131 hal kimyas\u0131, Plazma kimyas\u0131, Par\u00E7ac\u0131k kimyas\u0131 (Y\u00FCksek enerji kimyas\u0131) ba\u015Fl\u0131ca Kimya dallard\u0131r. Kimya denilince ilk \u00F6nce akl\u0131m\u0131za b\u00FCt\u00FCn maddeleri inceleyen bilim dal\u0131 gelmelidir. \u00D6zellikle maddelerin yap\u0131 ta\u015Flar\u0131n\u0131 inceler. Kimya M\u00FChendisli\u011Fi (isminden yola \u00E7\u0131k\u0131larak) Kimya sekt\u00F6r\u00FC olarak de\u011Ferlendirilmemelidir. Kimya'n\u0131n bir sekt\u00F6r\u00FC yoktur, olamaz; Kimya M\u00FChendisli\u011Fi kimyasal maddelerin sanayide \u00FCretimi, kontrol\u00FC ve \u00FCretim \u015Femalar\u0131n\u0131n dizayn\u0131 ile ilgilenir, Kimya m\u00FChendisinin kimyager ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015F baz\u0131nda hi\u00E7bir ilgisi yoktur. Kimya m\u00FChendisli\u011Fi daha ziyade bir t\u00FCr sanayi m\u00FChendisli\u011Fi olarak de\u011Ferlendirilmelidir."@tr , "Chemistry (from Egyptian k\u0113me, meaning \"earth\""@en , "Chemie je v\u011Bda, kter\u00E1 se zab\u00FDv\u00E1 vlastnostmi, slo\u017Een\u00EDm, p\u0159\u00EDpravou, strukturou anorganick\u00FDch a organick\u00FDch l\u00E1tek a jejich vz\u00E1jemn\u00FDmi interakcemi. L\u00E1tky jsou slo\u017Eeny z atom\u016F a z nich slo\u017Een\u00FDch molekul nebo z iont\u016F (iontov\u00E9 soli a taveniny). Chemie popisuje sv\u00FDm vlastn\u00EDm metodick\u00FDm a teoretick\u00FDm p\u0159\u00EDstupem hmotu a navazuje tak na studia fyzik\u00E1ln\u00ED a p\u0159edch\u00E1z\u00ED studiu hmoty z biologick\u00E9ho nebo nap\u0159. geologick\u00E9ho hlediska. Vzhledem k rozli\u010Dnosti hmoty, kter\u00E1 je slo\u017Eena z r\u016Fzn\u00FDch kombinac\u00ED atom\u016F, chemici \u010Dasto studuj\u00ED, jak atomy odli\u0161n\u00FDch chemick\u00FDch prvk\u016F mezi sebou interaguj\u00ED a jak\u00E9 molekuly a jak\u00FDm pr\u016Fb\u011Bhem z t\u011Bchto interakc\u00ED vznikaj\u00ED."@cs , "La chimica (dall'arabo \"al kimiaa\", \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0621) \u00E8 la scienza o pi\u00F9 precisamente quella branca delle scienze naturali, che interpreta e razionalizza la struttura, le propriet\u00E0 della materia e le sue trasformazioni. Lo studio della chimica ha interessato, anche per motivi pratici derivanti dalle sue applicazioni tecnologiche, le varie popolazioni dell'umanit\u00E0 fin dai tempi antichi. Dal II secolo a.C. si svilupp\u00F2, a partire dall'Egitto tolomaico, l'alchimia, un insieme di conoscenze sulla materia e le sue trasformazioni legate a convinzioni filosofiche ed esoteriche; da essa deriv\u00F2 la chimica moderna (in seguito alla rivoluzione scientifica, e pi\u00F9 precisamente alla rivoluzione chimica alla fine del XVIII secolo). Anche nel periodo seguente la chimica continu\u00F2 ad evolversi, perch\u00E9 sempre nuove scoperte ne ampliarono i campi di interesse e i metodi impiegati. Oggetto di studio della chimica sono le propriet\u00E0 e le strutture dei costituenti della materia e le loro interazioni reciproche, da cui hanno origine gli stati della materia. Tale studio della materia non \u00E8 limitato alle sue propriet\u00E0 e struttura in un dato istante, ma riguarda anche le sue trasformazioni, dette reazioni chimiche. Sono studiati anche gli effetti di tali propriet\u00E0 e interazioni tra i componenti della materia su quelle degli oggetti e della materia con cui comunemente abbiamo a che fare, e le relazioni tra di essi, il che determina un'ampia importanza pratica di tali studi. Si tratta quindi di un campo di studi molto vasto, i cui settori sono tradizionalmente suddivisi in base al tipo di materia di cui si occupano o al tipo di studio. La conoscenza della struttura elettronica degli atomi \u00E8 alla base della chimica convenzionale, mentre la conoscenza della struttura del Nucleo atomico e delle sue trasformazioni spontanee ed indotte \u00E8 alla base della chimica nucleare. La rottura e la formazione dei legami tra gli atomi e le molecole sono responsabili della trasformazione della materia. La chimica \u00E8 anche stata definita come \"la scienza centrale\" (in inglese Central Science) perch\u00E9 connette le altre scienza naturali, come l'astronomia, la fisica, le scienze dei materiali, la biologia e la geologia."@it , "Se denomina qu\u00EDmica (del egipcio k\u0113me, que significa \"tierra\") a la ciencia que estudia la composici\u00F3n, estructura y propiedades de la materia, como los cambios que \u00E9sta experimenta durante las reacciones qu\u00EDmicas y su relaci\u00F3n con la energ\u00EDa. Hist\u00F3ricamente la qu\u00EDmica moderna es la evoluci\u00F3n de la alquimia tras la revoluci\u00F3n qu\u00EDmica. Las disciplinas de la qu\u00EDmica han sido agrupadas por la clase de materia bajo estudio o el tipo de estudio realizado. Entre \u00E9stas se tienen la qu\u00EDmica inorg\u00E1nica, que estudia la materia inorg\u00E1nica; la qu\u00EDmica org\u00E1nica, que trata con la materia org\u00E1nica; la bioqu\u00EDmica, el estudio de substancias en organismos biol\u00F3gicos; la f\u00EDsico-qu\u00EDmica, comprende los aspectos energ\u00E9ticos de sistemas qu\u00EDmicos a escalas macrosc\u00F3picas, moleculares y submoleculares; la qu\u00EDmica anal\u00EDtica, que analiza muestras de materia tratando de entender su composici\u00F3n y estructura. Otras ramas de la qu\u00EDmica han emergido en tiempos recientes, por ejemplo, la neuroqu\u00EDmica que estudia los aspectos qu\u00EDmicos del cerebro."@es , "Chemia (grec. \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u2013 chemeia) \u2013 nauka badaj\u0105ca natur\u0119 i w\u0142asno\u015Bci substancji, a zw\u0142aszcza przemiany tych substancji, gdy si\u0119 je ze sob\u0105 zmiesza. Wsp\u00F3\u0142cze\u015Bnie wiadomo, \u017Ce przemiany substancji wynikaj\u0105 z praw, wed\u0142ug kt\u00F3rych atomy \u0142\u0105cz\u0105 si\u0119 poprzez wi\u0105zania chemiczne w mniej lub bardziej trwa\u0142e zwi\u0105zki chemiczne, a tak\u017Ce praw wed\u0142ug kt\u00F3rych wi\u0105zania p\u0119kaj\u0105 i tworz\u0105 si\u0119 ponownie prowadz\u0105c do przemian jednych zwi\u0105zk\u00F3w w drugie co jest nazywane reakcjami chemicznymi. Chemia zajmuje si\u0119 tak\u017Ce rozmaitymi w\u0142asno\u015Bciami substancji wynikaj\u0105cymi bezpo\u015Brednio z ich budowy atomowej. Natur\u0119 i w\u0142asno\u015Bci substancji bada te\u017C fizyka. Chemia i fizyka nawzajem si\u0119 przenikaj\u0105 i cz\u0119sto trudno jest precyzyjnie ustali\u0107, gdzie ko\u0144czy si\u0119 jedna dziedzina, a zaczyna druga. Chemia, podobnie jak fizyka jest centraln\u0105 nauk\u0105 przyrodnicz\u0105. Obie te nauki stanowi\u0105 podstaw\u0119 wszystkich pozosta\u0142ych nauk przyrodniczych \u2013 biologii, geografii, metalurgii i wielu innych."@pl , "Chemistry este al treilea album de studio al grupului britanic Girls Aloud. Albumul a fost lansat pe data de 5 Decembrie 2005, la casa de discuri Polydor Records \u015Fi a fost produs de Brian Higgins \u015Fi Xenomania. \u00CEnc\u0103 de la debutul s\u0103u, albumul a primit critici pozitive, The Guardian, NME, \u015Fi Top Of The Pops, numindu-l unul dintre cele mai bune albume lansate la finalul anului. Chemistry a devenit primul, \u015Fi p\u00E2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi singurul, album semnat Girls Aloud care s\u0103 rateze top 10 al albumelor \u00EEn Marea Britanie. <<Albumul Mixed Up a avut cea mai joas\u0103 clasare \u00EEn acest clasament, locul #56, dar a fost lansat ca bonus CD \u015Fi \u00EEn edi\u0163ie limitat\u0103. >>. Oricum albumul a v\u00E2ndut excep\u0163ional \u00EEn primele s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00E2ni, dep\u0103\u015Find v\u00E2nz\u0103rile primului album de studio, primind discul de Platin\u0103. Albumul a fost lansansat \u015Fi \u00EEn Australia \u015Fi Noua Zeeland\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a avea mare succes."@ro ; rdfs:comment "Scheikunde of chemie is een natuurwetenschap die zich richt op de studie van samenstelling en bouw van stoffen, de chemische veranderingen die plaatsvinden onder bepaalde omstandigheden, en de wetmatigheden die daaruit te destilleren zijn. Chemie is sterk verwant met de natuurkunde of fysica. De tak van wetenschap die beide verbindt is de fysische chemie. Ook met andere natuurwetenschappen zijn aan het grensvlak nieuwe disciplines ontstaan zoals de biochemie en geochemie."@nl , "Kemi \u00E4r vetenskapen om materiens uppbyggnad, egenskaper och omvandlingar, p\u00E5 materiens organisationsniv\u00E5 \u00F6ver enskilda atomer. \u00C4mnet kemi, som \u00E4r en av naturvetenskaperna, \u00E4r mycket brett och delas traditionellt in i organisk, oorganisk, analytisk och fysikalisk kemi samt biokemi, men p\u00E5 senare \u00E5r har nya grenar som milj\u00F6kemi och materialkemi tillkommit. Varje enskild gren \u00F6verlappar ofta med delar av andra vetenskaper, till exempel fysik, biologi och geologi."@sv , "Qu\u00EDmica (do eg\u00EDpcio k\u0113me, significando \"terra\") \u00E9 a ci\u00EAncia que trata das subst\u00E2ncias da natureza, dos elementos que a constituem, de suas caracter\u00EDsticas, propriedades combinat\u00F3rias, processos de obten\u00E7\u00E3o, suas aplica\u00E7\u00F5es e sua identifica\u00E7\u00E3o. Estuda a maneira pela qual os elementos se ligam e reagem entre si, bem como a energia desprendida ou absorvida durante estas transforma\u00E7\u00F5es."@pt , "Chemie je v\u011Bda, kter\u00E1 se zab\u00FDv\u00E1 vlastnostmi, slo\u017Een\u00EDm, p\u0159\u00EDpravou, strukturou anorganick\u00FDch a organick\u00FDch l\u00E1tek a jejich vz\u00E1jemn\u00FDmi interakcemi. L\u00E1tky jsou slo\u017Eeny z atom\u016F a z nich slo\u017Een\u00FDch molekul nebo z iont\u016F (iontov\u00E9 soli a taveniny). Chemie popisuje sv\u00FDm vlastn\u00EDm metodick\u00FDm a teoretick\u00FDm p\u0159\u00EDstupem hmotu a navazuje tak na studia fyzik\u00E1ln\u00ED a p\u0159edch\u00E1z\u00ED studiu hmoty z biologick\u00E9ho nebo nap\u0159. geologick\u00E9ho hlediska."@cs , "La chimie est une science de la nature divis\u00E9e en plusieurs sp\u00E9cialit\u00E9s, \u00E0 l'instar de la physique et de la biologie avec lesquelles elle partage des espaces d'investigations communs ou proches."@fr , "Se denomina qu\u00EDmica (del egipcio k\u0113me, que significa \"tierra\") a la ciencia que estudia la composici\u00F3n, estructura y propiedades de la materia, como los cambios que \u00E9sta experimenta durante las reacciones qu\u00EDmicas y su relaci\u00F3n con la energ\u00EDa. Hist\u00F3ricamente la qu\u00EDmica moderna es la evoluci\u00F3n de la alquimia tras la revoluci\u00F3n qu\u00EDmica. Las disciplinas de la qu\u00EDmica han sido agrupadas por la clase de materia bajo estudio o el tipo de estudio realizado."@es , "\u0425\u0456\u0301\u043C\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A \u043F\u0440\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0440\u043D\u043E-\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0440\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D, \u0442\u043E\u0431\u0442\u043E, \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D \u0440\u0443\u0439\u043D\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F, \u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0457\u0445 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0456 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044F\u043C\u0438."@uk , "La qu\u00EDmica \u00E9s la ci\u00E8ncia que estudia la composici\u00F3, estructura, i propietats de la mat\u00E8ria i els canvis que aquesta experimenta durant les reaccions qu\u00EDmiques. L'etimologia de la paraula qu\u00EDmica prov\u00E9 del baix llat\u00ED chimia, de l'\u00E0rab k\u012Bmiy\u00E3\u00B4, \"pedra filosofal\", i aquest, probablement del grec khyme\u00EDa \"mescla de sucs\". La ubicuitat de la qu\u00EDmica en les ci\u00E8ncies naturals fa que sigui considerada com una de les ci\u00E8ncies b\u00E0siques."@ca , "Chimia este una din \u015Ftiin\u0163ele fundamentale, care studiaz\u0103 substan\u0163ele cu structura \u015Fi propriet\u0103\u0163ile lor, urm\u0103rind \u00EEn acela\u015Fi timp modific\u0103rile produse asupra acestora de reac\u0163iile chimice."@ro , "\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Helium atom QM."@ja , ""@zh , "\u0425\u0438\u0301\u043C\u0438\u044F \u00A0\u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043D\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430 \u043E \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043A\u0446\u0438\u0439."@ru , "Chemistry este al treilea album de studio al grupului britanic Girls Aloud. Albumul a fost lansat pe data de 5 Decembrie 2005, la casa de discuri Polydor Records \u015Fi a fost produs de Brian Higgins \u015Fi Xenomania. \u00CEnc\u0103 de la debutul s\u0103u, albumul a primit critici pozitive, The Guardian, NME, \u015Fi Top Of The Pops, numindu-l unul dintre cele mai bune albume lansate la finalul anului."@ro , "Die Chemie ist die Lehre vom Aufbau, Verhalten und der Umwandlung von Stoffen sowie den dabei geltenden Gesetzm\u00E4\u00DFigkeiten. Die Chemie entstand in ihrer heutigen Form als exakte Naturwissenschaft im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert allm\u00E4hlich aus der Anwendung rationalen Schlussfolgerns basierend auf Beobachtungen und Experimenten der Alchemie."@de , "La chimica (dall'arabo \"al kimiaa\", \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0621) \u00E8 la scienza o pi\u00F9 precisamente quella branca delle scienze naturali, che interpreta e razionalizza la struttura, le propriet\u00E0 della materia e le sue trasformazioni. Lo studio della chimica ha interessato, anche per motivi pratici derivanti dalle sue applicazioni tecnologiche, le varie popolazioni dell'umanit\u00E0 fin dai tempi antichi. Dal II secolo a.C."@it , "Chemistry (from Egyptian k\u0113me, meaning \"earth\""@en , "Kimya bilimi do\u011Fada mevcut olan b\u00FCt\u00FCn maddeleri inceleyen bir bilim dal\u0131d\u0131r, t\u00FCm madde-enerji ili\u015Fikleri baz al\u0131nd\u0131\u011F\u0131nda Kimya, en genel tan\u0131mda \"k\u00FC\u00E7\u00FCk cisimlerin hareketini inceleyen bir mekaniktir\". Kimya'da b\u00FCy\u00FCk (y\u0131\u011F\u0131nla) maddenin makroskopik incelenmesi yaln\u0131zca Termodinamik ve Ak\u0131\u015Fkanlar Mekani\u011Fi alt dallar\u0131nda s\u00F6z konusudur; geriye kalan t\u00FCm Kimya bir \u00E7e\u015Fit mikrofiziktir."@tr , "Chemia (grec. \u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u2013 chemeia) \u2013 nauka badaj\u0105ca natur\u0119 i w\u0142asno\u015Bci substancji, a zw\u0142aszcza przemiany tych substancji, gdy si\u0119 je ze sob\u0105 zmiesza."@pl , "Kjemi er vitenskapen om stoffenes egenskaper, sammensetting og reaksjoner. Kjemi slik vi kjenner det i dag, oppsto som en eksakt vitenskap p\u00E5 16- og 1700-tallet da alkymien la grunnlaget for utviklingen av kjemisk vitenskap. Kjemi blir ofte kalt \"den sentrale vitenskap\" fordi den fletter sammen andre grener fra naturvitenskapen som astronomi, fysikk, materialteknologi, biologi og geologi."@no , "A k\u00E9mia (a perzsa \u201E\u06A9\u06CC\u0645\u06CC\u0627\u201D, \u201EKimia\u201D \u00E9s a g\u00F6r\u00F6g \u201E\u03C7\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\u201D, \u201Ekh\u00E9meia\u201D sz\u00F3b\u00F3l) vagy vegy\u00E9szet az anyagok min\u0151s\u00E9gi v\u00E1ltoz\u00E1saival foglalkoz\u00F3 term\u00E9szettudom\u00E1ny. A modern fizika eredm\u00E9nyeinek hat\u00E1s\u00E1ra azonban ez a defin\u00EDci\u00F3 csak \u00FAgy \u00E1llja meg a hely\u00E9t, ha mag\u00E1nak az anyagnak a fogalm\u00E1t terjesztj\u00FCk ki. A 20."@hu , "Kemia on aineen koostumusta, ominaisuuksia ja muuttumista tutkiva tiede. Kemia tutkii aineiden rakennetta ja k\u00E4ytt\u00E4ytymist\u00E4 sek\u00E4 etsii keinoja aineiden tunnistamiseksi ja valmistamiseksi. Kemiantutkimuksen tuloksia ovat esimerkiksi muovit, maalit, l\u00E4\u00E4kkeet, lannoitteet, polttoaineet, metalliseokset."@fi ; foaf:depiction . @prefix skos: . @prefix ns11: . dbpedia:Chemistry skos:subject ns11:Science , ns11:Natural_sciences , ns11:Chemical_engineering_topics , ns11:Physical_sciences , ns11:Chemistry . @prefix ns12: . dbpedia:Chemistry dbpprop:wikiPageUsesTemplate ns12:portal , ns12:wikiversity3 , ns12:see_also ; dbpprop:seeAlsoProperty "Timeline of chemistry"@en , "Alchemy"@en , "Nobel Prize in Chemistry"@en ; dbpprop:wikiversity3Property "chemistry"@en , "School:Chemistry"@en , "The School of Chemistry"@en ; dbpprop:portalProperty "Nuvola apps edu science.svg"@en , "Chemistry"@en . @prefix ns13: . dbpedia:Chemistry dbpprop:hasPhotoCollection ns13:Chemistry . dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry , dbpedia:Chemistry ; dbpprop:shortDescription dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:University_of_Santiago_de_Compostela dbpprop:columnsListProperty dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:William_Lipscomb dbpprop:fields dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:William_Ramsay dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:John_Mayow dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry ; 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dbpprop:industry dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry , dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Faraday_Discussions dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Flavour_and_Fragrance_Journal dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Franz_Anton_Voegeli dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Handbook_of_Porphyrin_Science dbpedia-owl:genre dbpedia:Chemistry . @prefix ns16: . dbpedia:Handbook_of_Porphyrin_Science ns16:genre dbpedia:Chemistry ; dbpprop:genre dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:International_Journal_of_Molecular_Sciences dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:International_Journal_of_Quantum_Chemistry dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Jesse_Francis_McClendon dbpprop:field dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Journal_of_Applied_Electrochemistry dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Journal_of_Coatings_Technology_and_Research dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Journal_of_Peptide_Science dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Journal_of_Physical_Organic_Chemistry dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Journal_of_Radioanalytical_and_Nuclear_Chemistry dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Marine_Drugs dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpedia:Mass_Spectrometry_Reviews dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . dbpprop:discipline dbpedia:Chemistry . @prefix ns17: . dbpedia:One_X_One ns17:artist dbpedia:Chemistry ; 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