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	dbpprop:abstract	"Charles Robert Darwin va ser un naturalista angl\u00E8s, que va explicar que totes les esp\u00E8cies han evolucionat al llarg del temps a partir d'avantpassats comuns mitjan\u00E7ant la selecci\u00F3 natural. El fet que l'evoluci\u00F3 es produeix va ser acceptat r\u00E0pidament per la comunitat cient\u00EDfica, mentre que la teoria de la selecci\u00F3 natural no va comen\u00E7ar a ser considerada com la principal explicaci\u00F3 del proc\u00E9s de l'evoluci\u00F3 fins la d\u00E8cada del 1930, i ara constitueix la base de la s\u00EDntesi evolutiva moderna. En una forma modificada, el descobriment cient\u00EDfic de Darwin continua sent la base de la biologia, ja que proporciona una explicaci\u00F3 l\u00F2gica de la diversitat de la vida. Darwin va desenvolupar el seu inter\u00E8s en la hist\u00F2ria natural mentre estudiava medicina a la Universitat d'Edimburg, i posteriorment teologia a Cambrige. Durant els seus cinc anys de travessia a l'HMS Beagle es va revelar com un eminent ge\u00F2leg, amb observacions i teories que recolzaven les idees uniformistes de Charles Lyell, i la publicaci\u00F3 del seu diari del viatge el va fer fam\u00F3s com a autor popular. Desconcertat per la distribuci\u00F3 geogr\u00E0fica de la fauna silvestre i pels f\u00F2ssils recollits durant el viatge, Darwin va estudiar la transmutaci\u00F3 de les esp\u00E8cies i va concebre la seva teoria de la selecci\u00F3 natural el 1838. Tot i que va discutir les seves idees amb diversos naturalistes, li calia temps per la seva investigaci\u00F3 i va donar prioritat al seu treball geol\u00F2gic. El 1858, Darwin estava escrivint la seva teoria quan Alfred Russel Wallace li va enviar un assaig que descrivia una teoria similar, i ambdues van ser presentades a la Societat Linneana en un document conjunt. Amb la publicaci\u00F3 de L'origen de les esp\u00E8cies el 24 de novembre de 1859, Darwin va poder establir l'evoluci\u00F3 per descend\u00E8ncia comuna. Va examinar l'evoluci\u00F3 humana i la selecci\u00F3 sexual a La descend\u00E8ncia de l'home i sobre la selecci\u00F3 en relaci\u00F3 amb el sexe, seguit de L'expressi\u00F3 de les emocions en els homes i els animals. La seva investigaci\u00F3 sobre les plantes va ser publicada en una s\u00E8rie de llibres. En el seu \u00FAltim llibre va tractar els cucs de terra i els seus efectes al s\u00F2l. Darwin va tenir un gran reconeixement quan va morir. Va ser una de les cinc \u00FAniques persones del segle XIX no pertanyents a la reialesa en rebre un funeral d'estat, sent enterrat a l'abadia de Westminster."@ca ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin, f\u00F6dd 12 februari 1809 i Shrewsbury, d\u00F6d 19 april 1882 i Downe, Kent, var en brittisk biolog, zoolog, geolog, teolog och forskare, som uppt\u00E4ckte och framlade \u00F6vertygande bevisning f\u00F6r att alla arter av liv har utvecklats \u00F6ver tiden fr\u00E5n ett gemensamt ursprung, genom den process som han kallade naturligt urval. Faktumet att evolution sker blev accepterat av den vetenskapliga v\u00E4rlden och stora delar av allm\u00E4nheten under hans livstid, medan hans teori om naturligt urval kom att i stor utstr\u00E4ckning ses som den fr\u00E4msta f\u00F6rklaringen till evolutionsprocessen p\u00E5 1930-talet, och nu bildar basen till modern evolutionsteori. I modifierad form \u00E4r Darwins vetenskapliga uppt\u00E4ckt den f\u00F6renande teorin i biologin och ger en logisk f\u00F6rklaring till livets m\u00E5ngfald. Vid Edinburghs universitet f\u00F6rsummade Darwin sina medicinstudier f\u00F6r att unders\u00F6ka havslevande ryggradsl\u00F6sa djur, och sedan uppmuntrade University of Cambridge honom att utveckla en passion f\u00F6r naturvetenskap. Hans fem\u00E5riga resa p\u00E5 HMS Beagle etablerade honom som framst\u00E5ende geolog vars observationer och teorier st\u00F6dde Charles Lyells aktualistiska id\u00E9er, och publiceringen av hans dagbok fr\u00E5n resan gjorde honom k\u00E4nd som popul\u00E4rf\u00F6rfattare. Darwin f\u00F6rbryllades av den geografiska spridningen av naturliv och fossil som han samlade p\u00E5 resan, unders\u00F6kte arternas transmutation och kom p\u00E5 sin teori om naturligt urval 1838. Han diskuterade sina id\u00E9er med flera naturforskare, men beh\u00F6vde tid f\u00F6r utf\u00F6rliga efterforskningar och prioriterade sitt geologiska arbete. Han h\u00F6ll p\u00E5 att utarbeta sin teori 1858 n\u00E4r Alfred Russel Wallace skickade honom en ess\u00E4 som beskrev samma id\u00E9, vilket ledde till att de omedelbart publicerade b\u00E5da sina teorier gemensamt. Hans bok Om arternas uppkomst fr\u00E5n 1859 etablerade evolution\u00E4r h\u00E4rstamning med modifiering som den dominerande vetenskapliga f\u00F6rklaringen av m\u00E5ngfalden i naturen. Han unders\u00F6kte m\u00E4nniskans utveckling och sexuellt urval i M\u00E4nniskans h\u00E4rledning och k\u00F6nsurvalet, f\u00F6ljd av K\u00E4nslouttryck hos m\u00E4nniskor och djur. Hans forskning om v\u00E4xter publicerades i en serie b\u00F6cker, och i hans sista bok unders\u00F6kte han daggmaskar och deras effekt p\u00E5 jorden. Som ett erk\u00E4nnande av Darwins \u00F6verl\u00E4gsenhet var han en av bara fem icke-kungliga personer i Storbritannien under 1800-talet som hedrades med en statsbegravning, och begravdes i Westminster Abbey, n\u00E4ra John Herschel och Isaac Newton."@sv ,
		"\u30C1\u30E3\u30FC\u30EB\u30BA\u30FB\u30ED\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\u30C0\u30FC\u30A6\u30A3\u30F3\uFF08Charles Robert Darwin, 1809\u5E742\u670812\u65E5 - 1882\u5E744\u670819\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306E\u81EA\u7136\u79D1\u5B66\u8005\u3002 \u5168\u3066\u306E\u751F\u7269\u7A2E\u304C\u5171\u901A\u306E\u7956\u5148\u304B\u3089\u9577\u3044\u6642\u9593\u3092\u304B\u3051\u3066\u3001\u5F7C\u304C\u81EA\u7136\u9078\u629E\u3068\u547C\u3093\u3060\u30D7\u30ED\u30BB\u30B9\u3092\u901A\u3057\u3066\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305F\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660E\u3089\u304B\u306B\u3057\u305F\u3002\u9032\u5316\u306E\u4E8B\u5B9F\u306F\u5B58\u547D\u4E2D\u306B\u79D1\u5B66\u754C\u3068\u4E00\u822C\u5927\u8846\u306B\u53D7\u3051\u5165\u308C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u4E00\u65B9\u3067\u3001\u81EA\u7136\u9078\u629E\u306E\u7406\u8AD6\u304C\u9032\u5316\u306E\u4E3B\u8981\u306A\u539F\u52D5\u529B\u3068\u898B\u306A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u306E\u306F1930\u5E74\u4EE3\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u81EA\u7136\u9078\u629E\u8AAC\u306F\u73FE\u5728\u3067\u3082\u9032\u5316\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u306E\u57FA\u76E4\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u5F7C\u306E\u79D1\u5B66\u7684\u306A\u767A\u898B\u306F\u4FEE\u6B63\u3092\u65BD\u3055\u308C\u306A\u304C\u3089\u751F\u7269\u591A\u69D8\u6027\u306B\u4E00\u8CAB\u3057\u305F\u7406\u8AD6\u7684\u8AAC\u660E\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u3001\u73FE\u4EE3\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u306E\u57FA\u76E4\u3092\u306A\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin oli brittil\u00E4inen luonnontieteilij\u00E4, joka esitti kokoamaansa tieteelliseen todistusaineistoon nojaten kaikkien eli\u00F6lajien kehittyneen ajan saatossa yhteisest\u00E4 kantamuodosta luonnonvalinnaksi nimetyn prosessin kautta. Darwinin kehitt\u00E4m\u00E4\u00E4 teoriaa, joka kuvaa luonnossa tapahtuvaa evoluutiota, kutsutaan evoluutioteoriaksi. Jo Darwinin aikainen tiedeyhteis\u00F6 ja suuri yleis\u00F6 hyv\u00E4ksyiv\u00E4t todeksi eli\u00F6iden muuttumisen evoluution kautta, mutta teoria luonnonvalinnasta hyv\u00E4ksyttiin evoluution p\u00E4\u00E4l\u00E4ht\u00F6kohdaksi vasta 1930-luvulla. Samalla se oli pohjana synteettiselle evoluutioteorialle. Darwinin tekemien l\u00F6yt\u00F6jen voidaan sanoa luoneen pohjan koko nykyiselle biologialle, sill\u00E4 ne antavat loogisen selityksen el\u00E4m\u00E4n monimuotoisuudelle. Darwinin evoluutioteorian perusajatukset ovat saavuttaneet laajan hyv\u00E4ksynn\u00E4n tiedeyhteis\u00F6ss\u00E4, ja teoria on muodostunut biologisten tieteiden perustaksi. Samalla evoluutioajattelu on my\u00F6s vaikuttanut syv\u00E4llisesti ihmislajin sosiaaliseen, psykologiseen ja antropologiseen tutkimukseen. Darwin kiinnostui luonnonhistoriasta opiskellessaan ensin l\u00E4\u00E4ketiedett\u00E4 Edinburghin yliopistossa ja my\u00F6hemmin teologiaa Cambridgessa. H\u00E4nen viisi vuotta kest\u00E4nyt tutkimusmatkansa HMS Beaglella vakiinnutti h\u00E4nen asemansa geologina. Matkalla tehdyt havainnot tukivat Charles Lyellin uniformitarianistisia ajatuksia. Darwinin julkaisema kirja Beaglella tehdyst\u00E4 merimatkasta teki h\u00E4nest\u00E4 kuuluisan. Matkallaan h\u00E4n ker\u00E4ili kuolleiden el\u00E4inlajien fossiileita, mik\u00E4 sai h\u00E4net kummastelemaan luonnonvaraisten el\u00E4inten ja fossiilien maantieteellist\u00E4 levinneisyytt\u00E4. T\u00E4m\u00E4n johdosta h\u00E4n alkoi tutkia eli\u00F6lajien muuttumista toisiksi ja lopulta kehitti teoriansa luonnonvalinnasta vuonna 1838. Vaikka Darwin keskusteli teoriastaan muutamien luonnontieteilij\u00F6iden kanssa, h\u00E4n tarvitsi viel\u00E4 aikaa laajamittaiseen tutkimusty\u00F6h\u00F6n. H\u00E4nen geologinen ty\u00F6ns\u00E4 oli kuitenkin tuolloin etualalla. Kirjoittaessaan vuonna 1858 teoriaansa Darwin sai Alfred Russel Wallacen h\u00E4nelle l\u00E4hett\u00E4m\u00E4n esseen k\u00E4sikirjoituksen, jossa Wallace kuvailee kehittelem\u00E4\u00E4ns\u00E4 teoriaa. Se vaikutti h\u00E4mm\u00E4stytt\u00E4v\u00E4n samanlaiselta kuin Darwinin teoria. H\u00E4nen 20 vuoden uurastuksensa oli vaarassa menn\u00E4 hukkaan, jos Wallacen esseen k\u00E4sikirjoitus julkaistaisiin ensin. Darwinin tieteelliset yst\u00E4v\u00E4t ratkaisivat prioriteettiongelman siten, ett\u00E4 sek\u00E4 Darwinin ett\u00E4 Wallacen luonnonvalintaa koskevia k\u00E4sikirjoituksia luettiin Lontoossa Linnean Societyn kokouksessa 1. hein\u00E4kuuta 1858. Kumpikaan ei ollut henkil\u00F6kohtaisesti paikalla tilaisuudessa. T\u00E4m\u00E4n j\u00E4lkeen Darwin kiiruhti ty\u00F6ns\u00E4 julkaisua, ja h\u00E4nen p\u00E4\u00E4teoksensa Lajien synty julkaistiin vuonna 1859. Darwin tutki erikseen ihmisen evoluutiota ja seksuaalivalintaa vuonna 1871 julkaisemassaan teoksessa The Descent of Man ja tunteita vuonna 1872 julkaistussa teoksessa The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. H\u00E4nen kasvitieteelliset tutkimuksensa julkaistiin kirjasarjana, ja h\u00E4nen viimeiseksi j\u00E4\u00E4nyt teoksensa k\u00E4sitteli kastematojen vaikutusta maaper\u00E4\u00E4n."@fi ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin est un naturaliste anglais dont les travaux et les th\u00E9ories sur l'\u00E9volution des esp\u00E8ces vivantes ont profond\u00E9ment r\u00E9volutionn\u00E9 la biologie. Apr\u00E8s avoir acquis la c\u00E9l\u00E9brit\u00E9 parmi les scientifiques pour son travail sur le terrain et ses recherches en g\u00E9ologie, il a apport\u00E9 l'hypoth\u00E8se que toutes les esp\u00E8ces vivantes ont \u00E9volu\u00E9 au cours du temps \u00E0 partir d'un anc\u00EAtre commun ou d'un petit nombre d'anc\u00EAtres communs, gr\u00E2ce au processus de s\u00E9lection naturelle. Il a vu de son vivant la th\u00E9orie de l'\u00E9volution accept\u00E9e par la communaut\u00E9 scientifique et le grand public, alors que sa th\u00E9orie sur la s\u00E9lection naturelle a d\u00FB attendre les ann\u00E9es 1930 pour \u00EAtre g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme l'explication essentielle du processus d'\u00E9volution. Au XXI si\u00E8cle, elle constitue la base de la th\u00E9orie moderne de l'\u00E9volution. Sous une forme modifi\u00E9e, la d\u00E9couverte scientifique de Darwin reste le fondement de la biologie, car elle explique de fa\u00E7on logique et unifi\u00E9e la diversit\u00E9 de la vie. L'int\u00E9r\u00EAt de Darwin pour l'histoire naturelle lui vint alors qu'il avait commenc\u00E9 d'\u00E9tudier la m\u00E9decine \u00E0 l'universit\u00E9 d'\u00C9dimbourg, puis la th\u00E9ologie \u00E0 Cambridge. Son voyage de cinq ans \u00E0 bord du Beagle l'\u00E9tablit dans un premier temps comme un g\u00E9ologue dont les observations et les th\u00E9ories soutenaient les th\u00E9ories actualistes de Charles Lyell, et la publication de son journal de voyage le rendit c\u00E9l\u00E8bre comme auteur populaire. Intrigu\u00E9 par la distribution g\u00E9ographique de la faune sauvage et des fossiles qu'il avait recueillis au cours de son voyage, il \u00E9tudia la transformation des esp\u00E8ces et en con\u00E7ut sa th\u00E9orie sur la s\u00E9lection naturelle en 1838. Ayant constat\u00E9 que d'autres avaient \u00E9t\u00E9 attaqu\u00E9s comme h\u00E9r\u00E9tiques pour des id\u00E9es analogues, il ne se confia qu'\u00E0 ses amis les plus intimes et continua \u00E0 d\u00E9velopper ses recherches pour imaginer et pr\u00E9venir les objections. En 1858, Alfred Russel Wallace lui fit parvenir un essai qui d\u00E9crivait une th\u00E9orie semblable, ce qui les amena \u00E0 faire conna\u00EEtre leurs th\u00E9ories dans une pr\u00E9sentation commune. Son livre de 1859, L'origine des esp\u00E8ces, fit de l'\u00E9volution \u00E0 partir d'une ascendance commune l'explication scientifique dominante de la diversification dans la nature. Il examina l'\u00E9volution humaine et la s\u00E9lection sexuelle dans La filiation de l'homme et la s\u00E9lection li\u00E9e au sexe, suivi par L'expression des \u00E9motions chez l'homme et les animaux. Ses recherches sur les plantes furent publi\u00E9es dans une s\u00E9rie de livres et, dans son dernier ouvrage, il \u00E9tudiait les lombrics et leur action sur le sol. En reconnaissance de l'importance de son \u0153uvre, il fut enterr\u00E9 dans l'abbaye de Westminster, pr\u00E8s de John Herschel et d'Isaac Newton."@fr ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin war ein britischer Naturforscher Er gilt wegen seiner wesentlichen Beitr\u00E4ge zur Evolutionstheorie als einer der bedeutendsten Naturwissenschaftler Die Ende 1831 begonnene und fast f\u00FCnf Jahre andauernde Reise mit der HMS Beagle, die den jungen Darwin einmal um die Welt f\u00FChrte, war zugleich Schl\u00FCsselerlebnis und Grundlage f\u00FCr sein sp\u00E4teres Werk Der breiten \u00D6ffentlichkeit wurde Darwin erstmals durch seinen 1839 herausgegebenen Reisebericht bekannt Mit seiner Theorie \u00FCber die Entstehung der Korallenriffe und weiteren geologischen Schriften erlangte er in wissenschaftlichen Kreisen die Anerkennung als Geologe Seine Untersuchungen an den Rankenfu\u00DFkrebsen verschafften ihm Mitte der 1850er Jahre zus\u00E4tzlich einen angesehenen Ruf als Zoologe und Taxonom Bereits 1838 entwarf Darwin seine Theorie der Anpassung an den Lebensraum durch Variation und nat\u00FCrliche Selektion und erkl\u00E4rte so die evolutive Entwicklung aller Organismen und ihre Aufspaltung in verschiedene Arten \u00DCber 20 Jahre lang trug er Belege f\u00FCr diese Theorie zusammen 1842 und 1844 verfasste Darwin kurze Abrisse seiner Theorie, die er jedoch nicht ver\u00F6ffentlichte Ab 1856 arbeitete er an einem umfangreichen Manuskript mit dem Titel Natural Selection Durch einen Brief von Alfred Russel Wallace, der dessen Ternate-Manuskript mit \u00E4hnlichen Gedanken zur Evolution enthielt, kam es im Sommer 1858 schlie\u00DFlich zu einer Ver\u00F6ffentlichung der Theorien \u00FCber die Evolution der beiden M\u00E4nner Ein Jahr sp\u00E4ter folgte Darwins Hauptwerk On the Origin of Species (Die Entstehung der Arten), das als streng naturwissenschaftliche Erkl\u00E4rung f\u00FCr die Diversit\u00E4t des Lebens die Grundlage der modernen Evolutionsbiologie bildet und einen entscheidenden Wendepunkt in der Geschichte der modernen Biologie darstellt 1871 diskutierte Darwin in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (Die Abstammung des Menschen und die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl) mit der sexuellen Selektion einen zweiten Selektionsmechanismus und nutzte seine Theorie, um die Abstammung des Menschen zu erkl\u00E4ren In seinem letzten Lebensjahrzehnt untersuchte Darwin Kletterpflanzen, Orchideen und Fleischfressende Pflanzen und leistete wichtige Beitr\u00E4ge zur Botanik Sein offizielles botanisches Autorenk\u00FCrzel lautet \u201EDarwin\u201C"@de ,
		"Pubblic\u00F2 la sua teoria sull'evoluzione delle specie nel libro L'origine delle specie, che \u00E8 rimasto il suo lavoro pi\u00F9 noto. Raccolse molti dei dati su cui bas\u00F2 la sua teoria durante un viaggio intorno al mondo sulla nave HMS Beagle, e in particolare durante la sua sosta alle Isole Gal\u00E1pagos."@it ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin angol term\u00E9szettud\u00F3s, az evol\u00FAci\u00F3elm\u00E9let kidolgoz\u00F3ja."@hu ,
		"\u0427\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0437 \u0420\u043E\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0414\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D \u2014 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043B \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u044B \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u043E\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0432. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u043D\u0443\u0442\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0432 1859 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u00AB\u041F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043E\u0432\u00BB, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043E\u0442\u0431\u043E\u0440 \u0438 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043E \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0438 \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u0432 \u0442\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0442\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0438\u0448\u044C \u0432 30-\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 XX-\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044F. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0438 \u043E\u0442\u043A\u0440\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0432 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0442 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0443 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043E\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u044F\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044F. \u041E\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u044B\u0441\u043B\u0438, \u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u043C\u044F."@ru ,
		"\u67E5\u5C14\u65AF\u00B7\u7F57\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u8FBE\u5C14\u6587\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ACharles Robert Darwin\uFF0C1809\u5E742\u670812\u65E5\uFF0D1882\u5E744\u670819\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u8B6F\u9054\u723E\u6EAB\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u4F4D\u82F1\u56FD\u8457\u540D\u7684\u751F\u7269\u5B78\u5BB6\u3001\u535A\u7269\u5B66\u5BB6\uFF0C\u9054\u723E\u6587\u65E9\u671F\u56E0\u5730\u8CEA\u5B78\u7814\u7A76\u800C\u8457\u540D\uFF0C\u800C\u5F8C\u53C8\u63D0\u51FA\u79D1\u5B78\u8B49\u64DA\uFF0C\u8B49\u660E\u6240\u6709\u751F\u7269\u7269\u7A2E\u662F\u7531\u5C11\u6578\u5171\u540C\u7956\u5148\uFF0C\u7D93\u904E\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7684\u81EA\u7136\u9078\u64C7\u904E\u7A0B\u5F8C\u6F14\u5316\u800C\u6210\u3002\u5230\u4E861930\u5E74\u4EE3\uFF0C\u9054\u723E\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8AD6\u6210\u70BA\u5C0D\u6F14\u5316\u6A5F\u5236\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u8A6E\u91CB\uFF0C\u4E26\u6210\u70BA\u73FE\u4EE3\u6F14\u5316\u601D\u60F3\u7684\u57FA\u790E\uFF0C\u5728\u79D1\u5B78\u4E0A\u53EF\u5C0D\u751F\u7269\u591A\u6A23\u6027\u9032\u884C\u4E00\u81F4\u4E14\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89E3\u91CB\uFF0C\u662F\u73FE\u4ECA\u751F\u7269\u5B78\u7684\u57FA\u77F3\u3002 \u5728\u611B\u4E01\u5821\u5927\u5B78\u7814\u8B80\u91AB\u5B78\u671F\u9593\uFF0C\u9054\u723E\u6587\u5C0D\u81EA\u7136\u53F2\u9010\u6F38\u7522\u751F\u8208\u8DA3\u3002\u800C\u4ED6\u5F8C\u4F86\u53C8\u5230\u528D\u6A4B\u5927\u5B78\u5B78\u7FD2\u795E\u5B78\u3002\u9054\u723E\u6587\u5728\u53C3\u8207\u4E86\u5C0F\u7375\u72AC\u865F\u7684\u4E94\u5E74\u822A\u884C\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u4E86\u4E00\u4F4D\u5730\u8CEA\u5B78\u5BB6\u3002\u4ED6\u9032\u884C\u89C0\u5BDF\u4E26\u63D0\u51FA\u7406\u8AD6\u4F86\u652F\u6301\u67E5\u7406\u65AF\u00B7\u840A\u723E\u7684\u5747\u8B8A\u601D\u60F3\u3002\u56DE\u82F1\u570B\u5F8C\u6240\u51FA\u7248\u7684\u300A\u5C0F\u7375\u72AC\u865F\u822A\u884C\u4E4B\u65C5\u300B\uFF0C\u4F7F\u5176\u6210\u70BA\u8457\u540D\u4F5C\u5BB6\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u5728\u822A\u884C\u671F\u9593\u5C0D\u6240\u898B\u751F\u7269\u8207\u5316\u77F3\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5206\u4F48\u611F\u5230\u56F0\u60D1\uFF0C\u9054\u723E\u6587\u958B\u59CB\u5C0D\u7269\u7A2E\u8F49\u8B8A\u9032\u884C\u7814\u7A76\uFF0C\u4E26\u4E14\u57281838\u5E74\u5F97\u51FA\u4E86\u4ED6\u7684\u81EA\u7136\u9078\u64C7\u7406\u8AD6\u3002\u7531\u65BC\u9019\u985E\u601D\u60F3\u5728\u7576\u6642\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u7570\u7AEF\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u9054\u723E\u6587\u525B\u958B\u59CB\u53EA\u5C0D\u89AA\u8FD1\u7684\u670B\u53CB\u900F\u9732\u9019\u4E9B\u60F3\u6CD5\uFF0C\u4E26\u6301\u7E8C\u9032\u884C\u9032\u4E00\u6B65\u7684\u7814\u7A76\uFF0C\u4EE5\u61C9\u4ED8\u53EF\u80FD\u906D\u9047\u7684\u53CD\u5C0D\u3002\u5230\u4E861858\u5E74\uFF0C\u963F\u5F17\u96F7\u5FB7\u00B7\u7F85\u7D20\u00B7\u83EF\u840A\u58EB\u5BC4\u7D66\u4ED6\u4E00\u7BC7\u542B\u6709\u76F8\u4F3C\u7406\u8AD6\u7684\u8AD6\u6587\uFF0C\u4FC3\u4F7F\u9054\u723E\u6587\u6C7A\u5B9A\u8207\u5176\u5171\u540C\u767C\u8868\u9019\u9805\u7406\u8AD6\u3002 1859\u5E74\u51FA\u7248\u7684\u300A\u7269\u7A2E\u8D77\u6E90\u300B\uFF0C\u4F7F\u8D77\u6E90\u65BC\u5171\u540C\u7956\u5148\u7684\u6F14\u5316\uFF0C\u6210\u70BA\u5C0D\u81EA\u7136\u754C\u591A\u6A23\u6027\u7684\u4E00\u9805\u91CD\u8981\u79D1\u5B78\u89E3\u91CB\u3002\u4E4B\u5F8C\u9054\u723E\u6587\u300A\u4EBA\u985E\u8207\u52D5\u7269\u7684\u60C5\u611F\u8868\u9054\u300B\u4EE5\u53CA\u300A\u4EBA\u985E\u7531\u4F86\u8207\u6027\u64C7\u300B\u4E2D\uFF0C\u95E1\u91CB\u4EBA\u985E\u7684\u6F14\u5316\u8207\u6027\u9078\u64C7\u7684\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u4ED6\u4E5F\u91DD\u5C0D\u690D\u7269\u7814\u7A76\u767C\u8868\u4E86\u4E00\u7CFB\u5217\u7684\u66F8\u7C4D\uFF0C\u5728\u6700\u5F8C\u4E00\u672C\u8457\u4F5C\u4E2D\uFF0C\u9054\u723E\u6587\u8A0E\u8AD6\u4E86\u86AF\u8693\u5C0D\u571F\u58E4\u7684\u5F71\u97FF\u3002\u70BA\u4E86\u8868\u5F70\u4ED6\u5091\u51FA\u6210\u5C31\uFF0C\u9054\u723E\u6587\u6B7B\u5F8C\u5B89\u846C\u65BC\u725B\u9813\u8207\u7D04\u7FF0\u00B7\u8D6B\u6B47\u723E\u7684\u5893\u65C1\uFF0C\u5730\u9EDE\u5C31\u5728\u82F1\u570B\u502B\u6566\u7684\u897F\u654F\u5BFA\u3002"@zh ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin var en britisk naturforsker. Han er mest kjent for \u00E5 ha grunnlagt den moderne evolusjonsteorien, men bidro ogs\u00E5 med en rekke andre arbeider innen systematikk, \u00F8kologi og paleontologi. Darwins bidrag til biologien kan knapt overvurderes. Evolusjonsl\u00E6ren ga endelig den linneiske systematikken et teoretisk fundament, og gjorde det for f\u00F8rste gang mulig med en vitenskapelig teori p\u00E5 dyrs og planters tilpasninger og deres utrolige biologiske mangfold. I dag er Darwins l\u00E6re om naturlig utvalg det helt grunnleggende fundamentet for all biologisk forskning, og finner stadig nye anvendelsesomr\u00E5der, blant annet innen medisin og ern\u00E6ring. Boka Artenes opprinnelse, som kom ut i 1859, regnes som hans hovedverk. Boka redegj\u00F8r meget grundig for naturlig utvalg med tall\u00F8se eksempler. Da den kom vakte den stor debatt og til dels forargelse, men Darwin ble anerkjent som sin tids st\u00F8rste britiske st\u00F8rste naturvitenskapsmann, og ble etter sin d\u00F8d gravlagt i Westminster Abbey ved siden av Sir Isaac Newton."@no ,
		"Charles Darwin este cel mai celebru naturalist britanic, geolog, biolog \u015Fi autor de c\u0103r\u0163i, fondatorul teoriei referitoare la evolu\u0163ia speciilor de plante \u015Fi animale. A observat \u015Fi a demonstrat c\u0103 toate speciile de forme de via\u0163\u0103 au evoluat de-a lungul timpului din anumi\u0163i str\u0103mo\u015Fi comuni, proces pe care l-a numit \"selec\u0163ie natural\u0103\", toate acestea fiind publicate \u00EEn cea mai celebra scriere a sa, \"Originea speciilor\", publicat\u0103 \u00EEn 1859. Teoria evolu\u0163ionist\u0103 a fost acceptat\u0103 de c\u0103tre comunitatea \u015Ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u015Fi publicul larg \u00EEnc\u0103 din timpul vie\u0163ii sale, \u00EEn timp ce teoria selec\u0163iei naturale a fost considerat\u0103 ca prim argument al procesului evolu\u0163iei abia prin anii 1930' iar acum constituie baza evolu\u0163ionismului sintetic. Examineaz\u0103 evolu\u0163ia uman\u0103 \u015Fi selec\u0163ia sexual\u0103 \u00EEn lucrarea Originea omului, urmat\u0103 de Exprimarea emo\u0163iilor la oameni \u015Fi animale. Cercet\u0103rile sale asupra plantelor au fost publicate \u00EEntr-o serie de c\u0103r\u0163i, iar in ultima sa lucrare, a examinat r\u00E2mele \u015Fi efectul pozitiv al acestora asupra solului. Darwin \u015Fi-a stimulat interesul pentru \u015Ftin\u0163ele naturale \u00EEn perioada studiilor de medicin\u0103 la Universitatea din Edinburgh \u015Fi de teologie la Universitatea Cambridge. Multe din observa\u0163iile \u015Fi datele pe care se bazeaz\u0103 ipoteza sa, provin din timpul c\u0103l\u0103toriei pe mare, cu nava \"Beagle\", \u00EEn urma c\u0103rora devine consacrat ca eminent geolog, aduc\u00E2nd de asemenea un argument clar pentru teoria uniformitarist\u0103 a lui Charles Lyell. Prin publicarea lucr\u0103rii C\u0103l\u0103torie pe Beagle, Darwin devine un autor foarte popular. Observ\u00E2nd minu\u0163ios distribu\u0163ia geografic\u0103 a formelor s\u0103lbatice de via\u0163\u0103 \u015Fi colect\u00E2nd foarte multe fosile, studiaz\u0103 muta\u0163ia speciilor \u015Fi elaboreaz\u0103, \u00EEn 1838 celebra sa teorie a selec\u0163iei naturale. De\u015Fi a discutat cu mai multi naturali\u015Fti, lui Darwin i-a trebuit o bun\u0103 perioada de timp pentru a-\u015Fi continua cercet\u0103rile, \u00EEn cadrul c\u0103rora domeniul geologiei ocup\u0103 un loc important Materialist \u015Fi dialectician spontan, el a demonstrat primul, pe baze experimentale, materialitatea lumii vii \u015Fi a sus\u0163inut originea animal\u0103 a omului (\"Originea omului \u015Fi selec\u0163ia sexual\u0103\", 1871). Conceptia sa evolu\u0163ionist\u0103 (darvinismul) a avut o mare influenta asupra filozofiei cunoa\u015Fterii, infirm\u00E2nd teoria fixist\u0103 si crea\u0163ionist\u0103. Descoperirile \u015Ftiin\u0163ifice ale lui Darwin stau la baza biologiei moderne \u015Fi constituie explica\u0163ia biodiversit\u0103\u0163ii. Ca recunoa\u015Ftere a valorii sale, Darwin a fost unul din cele cinci persoane care, \u00EEn secolul al XIX-lea, dup\u0103 deces, au fost comemorate prin doliu na\u0163ional \u015Fi a fost \u00EEnmorm\u00E2ntat la Westminster Abbey, al\u0103turi de John Herschel \u015Fi Isaac Newton."@ro ,
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\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u044C. \u0422\u0430\u043A, \u0449\u0435 17 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043D\u044F 1882 \u0440. \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0456\u043D \u0432\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0454\u043C\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0443, \u0430 19 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043E \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0443\u043C\u043A\u0438. \u041F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0456\u043D \u0443 \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0456 \u0432 \u041B\u043E\u043D\u0434\u043E\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434 \u0437 \u041D\u044C\u044E\u0442\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C, \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0454\u043C \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0410\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0457."@uk ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin FRS foi um naturalista brit\u00E2nico que alcan\u00E7ou fama ao convencer a comunidade cient\u00EDfica da ocorr\u00EAncia da evolu\u00E7\u00E3o e propor uma teoria para explicar como ela se d\u00E1 por meio da sele\u00E7\u00E3o natural e sexual. Esta teoria se desenvolveu no que \u00E9 agora considerado o paradigma central para explica\u00E7\u00E3o de diversos fen\u00F4menos na Biologia. Foi laureado com a medalha Wollaston concedida pela Sociedade Geol\u00F3gica de Londres, em 1859. Darwin come\u00E7ou a se interessar por hist\u00F3ria natural na universidade enquanto era estudante de Medicina e, depois, Teologia. A sua viagem de cinco anos a bordo do Beagle e escritos posteriores trouxeram-lhe reconhecimento como ge\u00F3logo e fama como escritor. Suas observa\u00E7\u00F5es da natureza levaram-no ao estudo da diversifica\u00E7\u00E3o das esp\u00E9cies e, em 1838, ao desenvolvimento da teoria da Sele\u00E7\u00E3o Natural. Consciente de que outros antes dele tinham sido severamente punidos por sugerir id\u00E9ias como aquela, ele as confiou apenas a amigos pr\u00F3ximos e continuou a sua pesquisa tentando antecipar poss\u00EDveis obje\u00E7\u00F5es. Contudo, a informa\u00E7\u00E3o de que Alfred Russel Wallace tinha desenvolvido uma id\u00E9ia similar for\u00E7ou a publica\u00E7\u00E3o conjunta das suas teorias em 1858. Em seu livro de 1859, \"A Origem das Esp\u00E9cies\" (do original, em ingl\u00EAs, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), ele introduziu a id\u00E9ia de evolu\u00E7\u00E3o a partir de um ancestral comum, por meio de sele\u00E7\u00E3o natural. Esta se tornou a explica\u00E7\u00E3o cient\u00EDfica dominante para a diversidade de esp\u00E9cies na natureza. Ele ingressou na Royal Society e continuou a sua pesquisa, escrevendo uma s\u00E9rie de livros sobre plantas e animais, incluindo a esp\u00E9cie humana, notavelmente \"A descend\u00EAncia do Homem e Sele\u00E7\u00E3o em rela\u00E7\u00E3o ao Sexo\" (The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871) e \"A Express\u00E3o da Emo\u00E7\u00E3o em Homens e Animais\" (The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, 1872). Em reconhecimento \u00E0 import\u00E2ncia do seu trabalho, Darwin foi enterrado na Abadia de Westminster, pr\u00F3ximo a Charles Lyell, William Herschel e Isaac Newton. Foi uma das cinco pessoas n\u00E3o ligadas \u00E0 fam\u00EDlia real inglesa a ter um funeral de Estado no s\u00E9culo XIX."@pt ,
		"Karol Darwin (w\u0142a\u015Bc. Charles Robert Darwin), \u2013 jeden z najwa\u017Cniejszych XIX-wiecznych biolog\u00F3w i jeden z pierwszych badaczy ewolucji. Autor teorii ewolucji, b\u0119d\u0105cej obecnie paradygmatem biologii."@pl ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin was een Engels natuuronderzoeker, bioloog en geoloog. Darwin is vooral bekend van zijn theorie dat evolutie van soorten wordt gedreven door natuurlijke selectie. Dankzij zijn nauwkeurige onderbouwing en de grote hoeveelheid bewijzen die hij vond, zorgde Darwin ervoor dat het bestaan van evolutie nog tijdens zijn leven binnen de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap algemeen geaccepteerd werd. De acceptatie van natuurlijke selectie als aandrijvend mechanisme liet langer op zich wachten, maar is tegenwoordig ook onomstreden. Darwin werd gelovig opgevoed en opgeleid volgens de filosofie van de in die tijd in Engeland gangbare natuurlijke theologie, die religie en wetenschap verenigde. Dankzij de waarnemingen en ontdekkingen die hij in de loop van zijn leven deed ging hij echter steeds meer twijfelen over zowel de gangbare idee\u00EBn over soortvorming als zijn persoonlijke geloof. Tijdens een onderzoeksreis met het schip de Beagle (1831-1836) bezocht Darwin Zuid-Amerika, Australi\u00EB, het zuiden van Afrika en diverse eilandengroepen in de Pacifische en Indische Oceaan. Op al deze plekken bestudeerde hij de plaatselijke dieren, planten, fossielen en geologie. Een groot deel van zijn verdere leven was gewijd aan het onderzoeken en classificeren van de op zijn reis verzamelde voorwerpen en het was onder andere dankzij dit onderzoek dat hij op zijn theorie over het ontstaan van soorten kwam. Darwins werk zorgde voor een revolutie binnen de wetenschap, maar had ook invloed op maatschappij, filosofie en religie. De acceptatie van evolutie zette de mens neer als een diersoort, onderdeel van de natuur, in plaats van een boven de natuur staande levensvorm. Samen met de erfelijkheidsleer van Mendel vormt Darwins evolutietheorie tegenwoordig de basis van alle biologische kennis."@nl ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin fue un naturalista ingl\u00E9s que postul\u00F3 que todas las especies de seres vivos han evolucionado con el tiempo a partir de un antepasado com\u00FAn mediante un proceso denominado selecci\u00F3n natural. La evoluci\u00F3n fue aceptada como un hecho por la comunidad cient\u00EDfica y por buena parte del p\u00FAblico en vida de Darwin, mientras que su teor\u00EDa de la evoluci\u00F3n mediante selecci\u00F3n natural no fue considerada como la explicaci\u00F3n primaria del proceso evolutivo hasta los a\u00F1os 1930, y actualmente constituye la base de la s\u00EDntesis evolutiva moderna. Con sus modificaciones, los descubrimientos cient\u00EDficos de Darwin a\u00FAn siguen siendo el acta fundacional de la biolog\u00EDa como ciencia, puesto que constituyen una explicaci\u00F3n l\u00F3gica que unifica las observaciones sobre la diversidad de la vida. Con apenas 16 a\u00F1os Darwin ingres\u00F3 en la Universidad de Edimburgo, aunque paulatinamente fue dejando de lado sus estudios de medicina para dedicarse a la investigaci\u00F3n de invertebrados marinos. Posteriormente la Universidad de Cambridge dio alas a su pasi\u00F3n por las ciencias naturales. El segundo viaje del HMS Beagle consolid\u00F3 su fama como eminente ge\u00F3logo, cuyas observaciones y teor\u00EDas apoyaban las ideas uniformistas de Charles Lyell, mientras que la publicaci\u00F3n del diario de su viaje lo hizo c\u00E9lebre como escritor popular. Intrigado por la distribuci\u00F3n geogr\u00E1fica de la vida salvaje y por los f\u00F3siles que recolect\u00F3 en su periplo, Darwin investig\u00F3 sobre el hecho de la transmutaci\u00F3n de las especies y concibi\u00F3 su teor\u00EDa de la selecci\u00F3n natural en 1838. Aunque discuti\u00F3 sus ideas con algunos naturalistas, necesitaba tiempo para realizar una investigaci\u00F3n exhaustiva, y sus trabajos geol\u00F3gicos ten\u00EDan prioridad. Se encontraba redactando su teor\u00EDa en 1858 cuando Alfred Russel Wallace le envi\u00F3 un ensayo que describ\u00EDa la misma idea, urgi\u00E9ndole Darwin a realizar una publicaci\u00F3n conjunta de ambas teor\u00EDas. Su obra fundamental, El origen de las especies, publicada en 1859, estableci\u00F3 que la explicaci\u00F3n de la diversidad que se observa en la naturaleza se debe a las modificaciones acumuladas por la evoluci\u00F3n a lo largo de las sucesivas generaciones. Trat\u00F3 la evoluci\u00F3n humana y la selecci\u00F3n natural en su obra El origen del hombre y de la selecci\u00F3n en relaci\u00F3n al sexo y posteriormente en La expresi\u00F3n de las emociones en los animales y en el hombre. Tambi\u00E9n dedic\u00F3 una serie de publicaciones a sus investigaciones en bot\u00E1nica, y su \u00FAltima obra abord\u00F3 el tema de los vermes terrestres y sus efectos en la formaci\u00F3n del suelo. Dos semanas antes de morir public\u00F3 un \u00FAltimo y breve trabajo sobre un bivalvo diminuto encontrado en las patas de un escarabajo de agua de los Midlands ingleses. Dicho ejemplar le fue enviado por Walter Drawbridge Crick, abuelo paterno de Francis Crick, codescubridor junto a James Dewey Watson de la estructura molecular del ADN en 1953. Como reconocimiento a la excepcionalidad de su obra fue uno de los cinco personajes del siglo XIX no pertenecientes a la realeza del Reino Unido honrado con funerales de Estado, siendo sepultado en la Abad\u00EDa de Westminster, pr\u00F3ximo a John Herschel e Isaac Newton."@es ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin, \u0130ngiliz do\u011Fa tarih\u00E7isi. \u0130nsan dahil t\u00FCm canl\u0131 t\u00FCrlerinin do\u011Fal se\u00E7ilim yoluyla bir ya da birka\u00E7 ortak atadan evrildi\u011Fini \u00F6ne s\u00FCrm\u00FC\u015F ve o g\u00FCn\u00FCn \u015Fartlar\u0131na g\u00F6re bu teoriyi destekleyen pek \u00E7ok kan\u0131t sunmu\u015Ftur. Darwin'in fikirleri \u00FCzerine in\u015Fa edilen modern evrim teorisi, bug\u00FCn biyoloji biliminin temeli ve birle\u015Ftirici \u00F6\u011Fesidir. Evrimin ger\u00E7ekle\u015Fti\u011Fi ger\u00E7e\u011Fi ya\u015Fad\u0131\u011F\u0131 d\u00F6nemde, do\u011Fal se\u00E7ilim teorisinin evrimin ana a\u00E7\u0131klamas\u0131 oldu\u011Fu ise 1930'lu y\u0131llarda bilim d\u00FCnyas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00F6rm\u00FC\u015Ft\u00FCr. Darwin'in orijinal teorileri modern evrimsel biyolojinin temelini olu\u015Fturmakta, hayat\u0131n \u00E7e\u015Fitlili\u011Fi \u00FCzerine birle\u015Ftirici bir mant\u0131ksal a\u00E7\u0131klama sunmaktad\u0131r. Darwin'in do\u011Fa tarihine duydu\u011Fu ilgi, \u00F6nce Edinburgh \u00DCniversitesi'nde t\u0131p, sonra Cambridge \u00DCniversitesi'nde teoloji okurken geli\u015Fti. Beagle gemisinde yapt\u0131\u011F\u0131 be\u015F senelik yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda, zaman\u0131n me\u015Fhur jeolo\u011Fu Charles Lyell'\u0131n ortaya att\u0131\u011F\u0131, ge\u00E7mi\u015Fteki jeolojik s\u00FCre\u00E7lerin bug\u00FCnk\u00FClerle ayn\u0131 oldu\u011Funu savunan teoriyi destekleyecek pek \u00E7ok g\u00F6zlem yapt\u0131 ve iyi bir jeolog olarak \u00FCnlendi. Ayn\u0131 yolculukta, canl\u0131lar\u0131n co\u011Frafi da\u011F\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve fosiller \u00FCzerine yapt\u0131\u011F\u0131 dikkatli g\u00F6zlemler sonucunda, t\u00FCrlerin birbirine d\u00F6n\u00FC\u015F\u00FCm\u00FCyle ilgilenmeye ba\u015Flad\u0131 ve 1838'de do\u011Fal se\u00E7ilim fikrini geli\u015Ftirdi. Daha \u00F6nce benzer fikirlerin \"sapk\u0131nl\u0131k\" olarak nitelendirildi\u011Fini ve bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011F\u0131n\u0131 g\u00F6rm\u00FC\u015F oldu\u011Fundan, uzun s\u00FCre fikirlerini en yak\u0131n arkada\u015Flar\u0131 d\u0131\u015F\u0131nda kimseye a\u00E7mad\u0131. Olas\u0131 itirazlara en iyi \u015Fekilde cevap verebilmek i\u00E7in ara\u015Ft\u0131rma yapmaya ve kan\u0131t toplamaya ba\u015Flad\u0131. 1858'de Alfred Russell Wallace'dan ald\u0131\u011F\u0131 bir mektubu okuyunca, Wallace'\u0131n da kendisininkine benzer bir teori geli\u015Ftirdi\u011Fini anlad\u0131, ve nihayet teorisini yay\u0131mlamaya karar verdi. 1859'da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011F\u0131 On the Origin of Species adl\u0131 kitab\u0131, canl\u0131lar\u0131n ortak atalardan evrilerek \u00E7e\u015Fitlendi\u011Fi fikrinin geni\u015F kabul g\u00F6rmesini sa\u011Flad\u0131. Daha sonra yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011F\u0131 The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex kitab\u0131nda insan evrimini ve cinsel se\u00E7ilim fikrini inceledi. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda ise insanlar\u0131n ve hayvanlar\u0131n duygular\u0131n\u0131 ifade edi\u015F \u015Fekilleri aras\u0131ndaki benzerlikleri ortaya koydu. Darwin bug\u00FCn, John Herschel ve Isaac Newton gibi isimlerle beraber Westminster Kilisesi'nde g\u00F6m\u00FCl\u00FCd\u00FCr."@tr ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin FRS (12 February 1809 \u2013 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist who realised and presented compelling evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors, through the process he called natural selection. The fact that evolution occurs became accepted by the scientific community and much of the general public in his lifetime, but it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life. At Edinburgh University Darwin neglected medical studies to investigate marine invertebrates, then the University of Cambridge encouraged a passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on HMS Beagle established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell\u2019s uniformitarian ideas, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author. Puzzled by the geographical distribution of wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin investigated the transmutation of species and conceived his theory of natural selection in 1838. Although he discussed his ideas with several naturalists, he needed time for extensive research and his geological work had priority. He was writing up his theory in 1858 when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay which described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication of both of their theories. His 1859 book On the Origin of Species established evolutionary descent with modification as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. He examined human evolution and sexual selection in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, followed by The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. His research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book, he examined earthworms and their effect on soil. In recognition of Darwin\u2019s pre-eminence, he was one of only five 19th-century UK non-royal personages to be honoured by a state funeral, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, close to John Herschel and Isaac Newton."@en ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin byl britsk\u00FD p\u0159\u00EDrodov\u011Bdec a zakladatel evolu\u010Dn\u00ED biologie. Evolu\u010Dn\u00ED teorii op\u00EDral o p\u0159\u00EDrodn\u00ED v\u00FDb\u011Br a pohlavn\u00ED v\u00FDb\u011Br. (\u201EPohlavn\u00ED v\u00FDb\u011Br z\u00E1vis\u00ED na p\u0159evaze ur\u010Dit\u00FDch jedinc\u016F nad druh\u00FDmi stejn\u00E9ho pohlav\u00ED, co\u017E se t\u00FDk\u00E1 propagace druh\u016F; zat\u00EDmco p\u0159\u00EDrodn\u00ED v\u00FDb\u011Br z\u00E1vis\u00ED na v\u00EDt\u011Bzstv\u00ED obou pohlav\u00ED, v ka\u017Ed\u00E9m v\u011Bku, za norm\u00E1ln\u00EDch podm\u00EDnek \u017Eivota. \u201C- Charles Darwin, 1871. ) My\u0161lenky a poznatky Charlese Darwina byly rozv\u00EDjeny a \u010D\u00E1ste\u010Dn\u011B zneu\u017Eity n\u011Bkter\u00FDmi jeho pokra\u010Dovateli - tzv. soci\u00E1ln\u00EDmi darwinisty. Jejich \u00FAsil\u00ED nakonec vedlo a\u017E ke vzniku eugeniky a rasov\u00FDch teori\u00ED. Byl synem l\u00E9ka\u0159e a vnukem botanika. Vystudoval teologii na University of Cambridge, studia ukon\u010Dil v roce 1831. Zpo\u010D\u00E1tku se zab\u00FDval studiem geologick\u00FDch formac\u00ED v hor\u00E1ch Walesu, na\u010De\u017E se roku 1831 vydal na 1742 dn\u016F trvaj\u00EDc\u00ED v\u00FDzkumnou cestu kolem sv\u011Bta na lodi HMS Beagle. B\u011Bhem t\u00E9to plavby Darwin shrom\u00E1\u017Edil cenn\u00FD p\u0159\u00EDrodov\u011Bdeck\u00FD materi\u00E1l a uspo\u0159\u00E1dal svou z\u00E1kladn\u00ED koncepci p\u0159irozen\u00E9ho vzniku a v\u00FDvoje druh\u016F evoluc\u00ED, jej\u00EDm\u017E hlavn\u00EDm hybatelem m\u011Bl b\u00FDt dle jeho n\u00E1zoru p\u0159\u00EDrodn\u00ED v\u00FDb\u011Br. Nejz\u00E1sadn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED byl pro n\u011Bj v tomto ohledu p\u011Btit\u00FDdenn\u00ED pobyt na Galap\u00E1g\u00E1ch. O autorstv\u00ED teorie evoluce se Darwin d\u011Bl\u00ED s Alfredem R. Wallacem."@cs ;
	rdfs:comment	"Karol Darwin (w\u0142a\u015Bc. Charles Robert Darwin), \u2013 jeden z najwa\u017Cniejszych XIX-wiecznych biolog\u00F3w i jeden z pierwszych badaczy ewolucji. Autor teorii ewolucji, b\u0119d\u0105cej obecnie paradygmatem biologii."@pl ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin est un naturaliste anglais dont les travaux et les th\u00E9ories sur l'\u00E9volution des esp\u00E8ces vivantes ont profond\u00E9ment r\u00E9volutionn\u00E9 la biologie."@fr ,
		""@zh ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin fue un naturalista ingl\u00E9s que postul\u00F3 que todas las especies de seres vivos han evolucionado con el tiempo a partir de un antepasado com\u00FAn mediante un proceso denominado selecci\u00F3n natural."@es ,
		""@de ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin FRS foi um naturalista brit\u00E2nico que alcan\u00E7ou fama ao convencer a comunidade cient\u00EDfica da ocorr\u00EAncia da evolu\u00E7\u00E3o e propor uma teoria para explicar como ela se d\u00E1 por meio da sele\u00E7\u00E3o natural e sexual. Esta teoria se desenvolveu no que \u00E9 agora considerado o paradigma central para explica\u00E7\u00E3o de diversos fen\u00F4menos na Biologia. Foi laureado com a medalha Wollaston concedida pela Sociedade Geol\u00F3gica de Londres, em 1859."@pt ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin was een Engels natuuronderzoeker, bioloog en geoloog. Darwin is vooral bekend van zijn theorie dat evolutie van soorten wordt gedreven door natuurlijke selectie. Dankzij zijn nauwkeurige onderbouwing en de grote hoeveelheid bewijzen die hij vond, zorgde Darwin ervoor dat het bestaan van evolutie nog tijdens zijn leven binnen de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap algemeen geaccepteerd werd."@nl ,
		"\u0427\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0437 \u0420\u043E\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0414\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043D \u2014 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043A, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043B \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B, \u0447\u0442\u043E \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C\u044B \u044D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044E\u0442 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u043E\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0432."@ru ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin oli brittil\u00E4inen luonnontieteilij\u00E4, joka esitti kokoamaansa tieteelliseen todistusaineistoon nojaten kaikkien eli\u00F6lajien kehittyneen ajan saatossa yhteisest\u00E4 kantamuodosta luonnonvalinnaksi nimetyn prosessin kautta. Darwinin kehitt\u00E4m\u00E4\u00E4 teoriaa, joka kuvaa luonnossa tapahtuvaa evoluutiota, kutsutaan evoluutioteoriaksi."@fi ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin var en britisk naturforsker. Han er mest kjent for \u00E5 ha grunnlagt den moderne evolusjonsteorien, men bidro ogs\u00E5 med en rekke andre arbeider innen systematikk, \u00F8kologi og paleontologi. Darwins bidrag til biologien kan knapt overvurderes. Evolusjonsl\u00E6ren ga endelig den linneiske systematikken et teoretisk fundament, og gjorde det for f\u00F8rste gang mulig med en vitenskapelig teori p\u00E5 dyrs og planters tilpasninger og deres utrolige biologiske mangfold."@no ,
		""@ja ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin, f\u00F6dd 12 februari 1809 i Shrewsbury, d\u00F6d 19 april 1882 i Downe, Kent, var en brittisk biolog, zoolog, geolog, teolog och forskare, som uppt\u00E4ckte och framlade \u00F6vertygande bevisning f\u00F6r att alla arter av liv har utvecklats \u00F6ver tiden fr\u00E5n ett gemensamt ursprung, genom den process som han kallade naturligt urval."@sv ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin va ser un naturalista angl\u00E8s, que va explicar que totes les esp\u00E8cies han evolucionat al llarg del temps a partir d'avantpassats comuns mitjan\u00E7ant la selecci\u00F3 natural."@ca ,
		"Pubblic\u00F2 la sua teoria sull'evoluzione delle specie nel libro L'origine delle specie, che \u00E8 rimasto il suo lavoro pi\u00F9 noto. Raccolse molti dei dati su cui bas\u00F2 la sua teoria durante un viaggio intorno al mondo sulla nave HMS Beagle, e in particolare durante la sua sosta alle Isole Gal\u00E1pagos."@it ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin, \u0130ngiliz do\u011Fa tarih\u00E7isi. \u0130nsan dahil t\u00FCm canl\u0131 t\u00FCrlerinin do\u011Fal se\u00E7ilim yoluyla bir ya da birka\u00E7 ortak atadan evrildi\u011Fini \u00F6ne s\u00FCrm\u00FC\u015F ve o g\u00FCn\u00FCn \u015Fartlar\u0131na g\u00F6re bu teoriyi destekleyen pek \u00E7ok kan\u0131t sunmu\u015Ftur. Darwin'in fikirleri \u00FCzerine in\u015Fa edilen modern evrim teorisi, bug\u00FCn biyoloji biliminin temeli ve birle\u015Ftirici \u00F6\u011Fesidir."@tr ,
		"\u0427\u0430\u0440\u043B\u0437 \u0420\u043E\u0301\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0414\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0432\u0456\u043D \u2014 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u0449\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0456\u044E \u0435\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0437 \u0410\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043B\u043E\u043C \u0412\u043E\u043B\u043B\u0435\u0441\u043E\u043C \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0443."@uk ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin byl britsk\u00FD p\u0159\u00EDrodov\u011Bdec a zakladatel evolu\u010Dn\u00ED biologie. Evolu\u010Dn\u00ED teorii op\u00EDral o p\u0159\u00EDrodn\u00ED v\u00FDb\u011Br a pohlavn\u00ED v\u00FDb\u011Br. (\u201EPohlavn\u00ED v\u00FDb\u011Br z\u00E1vis\u00ED na p\u0159evaze ur\u010Dit\u00FDch jedinc\u016F nad druh\u00FDmi stejn\u00E9ho pohlav\u00ED, co\u017E se t\u00FDk\u00E1 propagace druh\u016F; zat\u00EDmco p\u0159\u00EDrodn\u00ED v\u00FDb\u011Br z\u00E1vis\u00ED na v\u00EDt\u011Bzstv\u00ED obou pohlav\u00ED, v ka\u017Ed\u00E9m v\u011Bku, za norm\u00E1ln\u00EDch podm\u00EDnek \u017Eivota. \u201C- Charles Darwin, 1871."@cs ,
		"Charles Darwin este cel mai celebru naturalist britanic, geolog, biolog \u015Fi autor de c\u0103r\u0163i, fondatorul teoriei referitoare la evolu\u0163ia speciilor de plante \u015Fi animale. A observat \u015Fi a demonstrat c\u0103 toate speciile de forme de via\u0163\u0103 au evoluat de-a lungul timpului din anumi\u0163i str\u0103mo\u015Fi comuni, proces pe care l-a numit \"selec\u0163ie natural\u0103\", toate acestea fiind publicate \u00EEn cea mai celebra scriere a sa, \"Originea speciilor\", publicat\u0103 \u00EEn 1859."@ro ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin FRS (12 February 1809 \u2013 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist who realised and presented compelling evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors, through the process he called natural selection."@en ,
		"Charles Robert Darwin angol term\u00E9szettud\u00F3s, az evol\u00FAci\u00F3elm\u00E9let kidolgoz\u00F3ja."@hu ;
	foaf:depiction	<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Charles_Darwin_seated.jpg> ;
	foaf:givenname	"Charles Robert"@de ;
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	dbpprop:alt	"Three quarter length portrait showing Darwin's characteristic large forehead and bushy eyebrows with deep set eyes, pug nose and mouth set in a determined look. He is bald on top, with dark hair and long side whiskers but no beard or moustache. His jacket is dark, with very wide lapels, and his trousers are a light check pattern. His shirt has an upright wing collar, and his cravat is tucked into his waistcoat which is a light fine checked pattern."@en ;
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	dbpprop:footnotes	"He was a grandson of Erasmus Darwin and a grandson of Josiah Wedgwood, and married his cousin  Emma Wedgwood."@en ;
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