@prefix dbpprop: .
@prefix dbpedia: .
dbpedia:Richelieu dbpprop:disambiguates dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu .
dbpedia:Simon_Vouet dbpprop:patrons dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu .
@prefix ns2: .
dbpedia:Edict_of_Restitution ns2:commander dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu .
@prefix dbpedia-owl: .
dbpedia:Edict_of_Restitution dbpedia-owl:commander dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu ;
dbpprop:commander dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu .
dbpedia:Samuel_de_Champlain dbpprop:before dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu .
dbpedia:Armand_Jean_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis dbpprop:before dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu .
dbpedia:Cardinal_Mazarin dbpprop:predecessor dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu .
dbpedia:War_of_the_Mantuan_Succession ns2:commander dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu ;
dbpedia-owl:commander dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu ;
dbpprop:commander dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix ns5: .
dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu rdf:type ns5:Officeholder110371450 ,
ns5:FrenchPoliticians ,
ns5:PrimeMinistersOfFrance ,
dbpedia-owl:Person ,
dbpedia-owl:Cleric ,
dbpedia-owl:Cardinal ,
ns5:Clergyman109927451 ,
ns5:FrenchCardinals ,
ns5:PeopleFromParis ,
dbpedia-owl:OfficeHolder .
@prefix owl: .
dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu rdf:type owl:Thing ;
dbpprop:name "Armand Jean du Plessis,\nCardinal-Duc de Richelieu"@en .
@prefix xsd: .
@prefix ns8: .
dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu ns8:birthDate "1585-09-09"^^xsd:date ;
ns8:birthPlace dbpedia:Paris ,
dbpedia:France ;
ns8:deathDate "1642-12-04"^^xsd:date ;
ns8:deathPlace dbpedia:Paris ,
dbpedia:France ;
ns8:almaMater ;
ns8:occupation ,
dbpedia:Clergyman .
@prefix ns9: .
dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu owl:sameAs ns9:Cardinal_Richelieu ,
.
@prefix foaf: .
dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu foaf:name "Armand Cardinal de Richelieu" ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis,
Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu" .
@prefix ns11: .
dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu foaf:page ns11:Cardinal_Richelieu ;
dbpedia-owl:religion dbpedia:Roman_Catholicism_in_France ;
ns8:religion dbpedia:Roman_Catholicism_in_France ;
dbpprop:reference ,
,
.
@prefix rdfs: .
dbpedia:Cardinal_Richelieu rdfs:label "Richelieu b\u00EDboros"@hu ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis, duc de Richelieu"@de ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu"@it ,
"\u30EA\u30B7\u30E5\u30EA\u30E5\u30FC"@ja ,
"Cardenal Richelieu"@ca ,
"\u0420\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0451, \u0410\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D \u0416\u0430\u043D \u0434\u044E \u041F\u043B\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438"@ru ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu"@fr ,
"Armand Jean Richelieu"@pl ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis Richelieu"@sv ,
"Kardinal Richelieu"@tr ,
"Cardenal Richelieu"@es ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu"@cs ,
"Cardeal de Richelieu"@pt ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu"@no ,
"\u9ECE\u585E\u7559"@zh ,
"Cardinalul Richelieu"@ro ,
"\u0420\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0454 \u0410\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D \u0416\u0430\u043D \u0434\u044E \u041F\u043B\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0456"@uk ,
"Cardinal Richelieu"@en ,
"Kardinaal de Richelieu"@nl ,
"Kardinaali Richelieu"@fi ;
dbpedia-owl:thumbnail ;
dbpedia-owl:birthDate "1585-09-09"^^xsd:date ;
dbpedia-owl:birthPlace dbpedia:Paris ,
dbpedia:France ;
dbpedia-owl:deathDate "1642-12-04"^^xsd:date ;
dbpedia-owl:deathPlace dbpedia:Paris ,
dbpedia:France ;
ns8:nationality dbpedia:Early_Modern_France ;
dbpedia-owl:almaMater ;
dbpedia-owl:occupation dbpedia:Clergyman ,
;
dbpprop:abstract "Armand Jean du Plessis, hertog van Richelieu, algemeen bekend als kardinaal de Richelieu, was een invloedrijk Frans staatsman."@nl ,
"\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Cardinal Richelieu (Champaigne). jpg \u30EA\u30B7\u30E5\u30EA\u30E5\u30FC\u67A2\u6A5F\u537F \u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:COA Cardinal de Richelieu. svg \u67A2\u6A5F\u537F\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30EA\u30B7\u30E5\u30EA\u30E5\u30FC\u516C\u7235\u30A2\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u30FB\u30B8\u30E3\u30F3\u30FB\u30C7\u30E5\u30FB\u30D7\u30EC\u30B7\uFF08Armand Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de Richelieu, 1585\u5E749\u67089\u65E5 - 1642\u5E7412\u67084\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30AB\u30C8\u30EA\u30C3\u30AF\u6559\u4F1A\u306E\u8056\u8077\u8005\u306B\u3057\u3066\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u738B\u56FD\u306E\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\u30021624\u5E74\u304B\u3089\u6B7B\u53BB\u3059\u308B\u307E\u3067\u30EB\u30A413\u4E16\u306E\u5BB0\u76F8\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3002"@ja ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (9 Eyl\u00FCl 1585 \u2013 4 Aral\u0131k 1642) Frans\u0131z din adam\u0131 ve siyaset\u00E7i. Felsefe, askeriye ve din alanlar\u0131nda e\u011Fitim ald\u0131. \u00DClkenin fiili y\u00F6neticisi olan Concino Concini'nin hizmetine girdi. Kral hen\u00FCz \u00E7ocuk ya\u015Fta oldu\u011Fu i\u00E7in \u00FClkeyi Concini ile beraber kral\u0131n annesi y\u00F6netiyordu. Kral XIII. Louis'nin zamanla iktidara yakla\u015Ft\u0131\u011F\u0131n\u0131 fark eden Richelieu, giderek k\u0131z\u0131\u015Fan g\u00FC\u00E7 m\u00FCcadelesinde onun taraf\u0131n\u0131 tuttu. Concini \u00F6ld\u00FCr\u00FCld\u00FC ve ana krali\u00E7e s\u00FCrg\u00FCn edildi, ipler XIII. Louis'nin eline ge\u00E7mi\u015Fti. Richelieu da kral\u0131n sad\u0131k hizmetkar\u0131 olarak ba\u015Fbakanl\u0131\u011Fa getirildi. Ana krali\u00E7enin tertipledi\u011Fi darbe giri\u015Fimini atlatt\u0131ktan sonra Richelieu, t\u00FCm Fransa'da ve Avrupa'da olup bitenleri rapor eden \u00E7ok g\u00FC\u00E7l\u00FC bir hafiye te\u015Fkilat\u0131 kurdu."@tr ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis Richelieu, f\u00F6dd 9 september 1585 p\u00E5 slottet Richelieu vid orten med samma namn, Indre-et-Loire, d\u00F6d 4 december 1642 i Paris, var en fransk statsman, kardinal fr\u00E5n 1622 och fr\u00E5n 1631 hertig av Richelieu. Han f\u00F6ddes i en adlig familj i Paris. Han slog in p\u00E5 den kyrkliga banan och 1606 blev han biskop i Lu\u00E7on och 1622 kardinal. Tack vare Maria av Medicis inflytande blev han Ludvig XIII:s ledande minister och Frankrikes styresman fr\u00E5n 1624, en st\u00E4llning som han beh\u00F6ll fram till sin d\u00F6d. Hans m\u00E5l var den env\u00E4ldiga monarkin. Utan n\u00E5d krossade han adelns opposition och bek\u00E4mpade hugenotterna. Utrikespolitiskt f\u00F6rs\u00F6kte han skapa en ledarst\u00E4llning f\u00F6r Frankrike i Europa genom att bryta habsburgs maktst\u00E4llning. D\u00E4rf\u00F6r gav han sitt st\u00F6d till den svenske kungen Gustav II Adolf och de protestantiska furstarna i Tyskland och drog in Frankrike i trettio\u00E5riga kriget 1635. Richelieu instiftade den Franska akademien 1635."@sv ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardeal de Richelieu, duque e pol\u00EDtico franc\u00EAs e primeiro-ministro de Lu\u00EDs XIII de 1628 a 1642; foi arquitecto do absolutismo na Fran\u00E7a e da lideran\u00E7a francesa na Europa. Teria nascido na rue de Jouy (hoje em Paris IV) em 9 de setembro de 1585 e foi batizado na igreja de St-Eustache em 5 de maio. Seu irm\u00E3o mais velho era Henri du Plessis, marechal de campo, governador da cidade de Angers, morto em duelo em 1619 por seu advers\u00E1rio o Marqu\u00EAs de Th\u00E9mines. Consagrado Bispo de Lu\u00E7on em 1607, foi orador do clero nos Estados Gerais de 1614, passando a fazer parte do conselho da regente Maria de M\u00E9dici por volta de 1616. Tornou-se cardeal em 1622. Em 10 de novembro de 1630 Richelieu derrotou seus advers\u00E1rios."@pt ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis, Cardenal-Duc de Richelieu, prelat, noble i primer ministre franc\u00E8s. Nomenat bisbe en 1607, va entrar en pol\u00EDtica convertint-se en Secretari d'Estat en 1616. R\u00E0pidament va assolir altes cotes de poder tant dins l'Esgl\u00E9sia cat\u00F2lica com a Fran\u00E7a, convertint-se en cardenal en 1622, i en el primer ministre del rei Llu\u00EDs XIII de Fran\u00E7a en 1624. Va romandre en el c\u00E0rrec fins a la seva mort en 1642, sent succe\u00EFt pel tamb\u00E9 cardenal Julio Mazzarino. Com a primer ministre de Fran\u00E7a, va consolidar la monarquia francesa lluitant contra les diverses faccions d'oposici\u00F3. Per a contrarestar el poder de la noblesa, va transformar Fran\u00E7a en un estat centralitzat. El seu objectiu en pol\u00EDtica exterior va ser contrarestar el poder de la dinastia dels Habsburg, a l'\u00E8poca regnant a Espanya i al Sacre Imperi Rom\u00E0 Germ\u00E0nic. Encara que cat\u00F2lic no va dubtar en aliar-se amb els protestants per a arribar a aquest objectiu. Va ser particularment not\u00F2ria la seva intervenci\u00F3 en la Guerra dels Trenta Anys, que va acabar amb la Pau de Westf\u00E0lia, i en el Pacte de Ceret, que va involucrar al Regne de Fran\u00E7a en la lluita de Catalunya per alliberar-se del Regne d'Espanya. Richelieu va ser tamb\u00E9 fam\u00F3s pel seu mecenatge de l'art i per fundar l'Acad\u00E9mie Fran\u00E7aise, instituci\u00F3 de l'idioma franc\u00E8s. \u00C9s tamb\u00E9 conegut pel sobrenom de l'\u00C9minence rouge (\"l'emin\u00E8ncia vermella\"), per les vestidures porpres dels cardenals."@ca ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, yleisemmin tunnettu nimell\u00E4 kardinaali Richelieu, oli ranskalainen herttua, kardinaali ja poliitikko. H\u00E4n vahvisti Ranskan asemaa eurooppalaisena suurvaltana ja perusti Ranskan akatemian."@fi ,
"Noto anche come Cardinale Richelieu, egli aveva due obiettivi principali: Rafforzare il potere del re in Francia Fare della Francia la pi\u00F9 grande potenza d'Europa Per raggiungere il primo obiettivo, Richelieu si scontr\u00F2 sia con i nobili sia con i protestanti, e cio\u00E8 con i calvinisti francesi chiamati Ugonotti. I nobili infatti volevano aumentare il loro potere. Contro di essi Richelieu us\u00F2, quando necessario, la forza. Per fare della Francia la pi\u00F9 grande potenza d'Europa Richelieu decise di far intervenire l'esercito francese nella Guerra dei trent'anni contro la Spagna e l'Austria ottenendo numerosi successi."@it ,
"\u963F\u5C14\u8292\u00B7\u5C1A\u00B7\u8FEA\u666E\u83B1\u897F\u00B7\u5FB7\u00B7\u9ECE\u585E\u7559\uFF08Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu\uFF0C1585\u5E749\u67089\u65E5\uFF0D1642\u5E7412\u67084\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u6CD5\u570B\u7C4D\u67A2\u673A\uFF0C\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\uFF0C\u8DEF\u6613\u5341\u4E09\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u5927\u81E3\u3002\u751F\u65BC\u4E00\u500B\u6B21\u7B49\u8CB4\u65CF\u5BB6\u5EAD\uFF0C1607\u5E74\u4EFB\u547D\u70BA\u5442\u677E\u7684\u4E3B\u6559\u30021622\u5E74\u88AB\u63D0\u540D\u70BA\u67A2\u673A\uFF0C\u5F9E1624\u5E74\u8D77\u57F7\u9996\u76F8\u8077\uFF0C\u5728\u6CD5\u570B\u653F\u52D9\u6C7A\u7B56\u4E2D\u5177\u6709\u4E3B\u5C0E\u6027\u7684\u5F71\u97FF\u529B\uFF1B\u6CD5\u862D\u897F\u5B78\u9662\u70BA\u4ED6\u6240\u5EFA\u3002 \u9ECE\u585E\u7559\u4E00\u751F\u6781\u5BCC\u4E8E\u5916\u4EA4\u653F\u6CBB\u624D\u5E79\uFF0C\u662F\u4E09\u5341\u5E74\u6218\u4E89\uFF081618-1648\uFF09\u7684\u5BE6\u969B\u63A8\u52A8\u8005\u548C\u5E55\u540E\u7B56\u5283\u4EBA\u4E4B\u4E00\uFF0C\u4ED6\u548C\u5F8C\u4EFB\u5BB0\u76F8\u9A6C\u8428\u6797\u4E00\u751F\u81F4\u529B\u4E8E\u4F7F\u6CD5\u56FD\u5174\u76DB\u4E26\u963B\u6B62\u5FB7\u610F\u5FD7\u7EDF\u4E00\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u6253\u7834\u54C8\u5E03\u65AF\u5821\u738B\u671D\u5BF9\u4E8E\u6CD5\u56FD\u7684\u6218\u7565\u5305\u56F4\u72B6\u6001\uFF0C\u4E3A\u201C\u592A\u9633\u738B\u201D\u8DEF\u6613\u5341\u56DB\u738B\u671D\u524D\u671F\u7684\u5174\u65FA\u53D1\u8FBE\u5960\u4E0B\u4E86\u826F\u597D\u57FA\u7840\u3002\u5118\u7BA1\u4ED6\u662F\u5929\u4E3B\u6559\u67A2\u673A\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u4E3A\u4E86\u6CD5\u56FD\u7684\u5174\u76DB\uFF0C\u4ED6\u6BC5\u7136\u51B3\u7136\u5730\u63A8\u52A8\u6CD5\u56FD\u52A0\u5165\u65B0\u6559\u540C\u76DF\uFF0C\u5C06\u4E3B\u6743\u81F3\u4E8E\u6559\u6743\u4E4B\u4E0A\u3002 \u5728\u6CD5\u570B\u4F5C\u5BB6\u5927\u4EF2\u99AC\u7684\u5C0F\u8AAA\u300A\u4E09\u528D\u5BA2\u300B\u4E2D\uFF0C\u9ECE\u585E\u7559\u662F\u4E00\u540D\u5978\u96C4\u4F3C\u7684\u4EBA\u7269\uFF0C\u800C\u5F8C\u4EFB\u9A6C\u8428\u6797\u5728\u4E09\u90E8\u66F2\u7B2C\u4E8C\u90E8\u300A\u4E8C\u5341\u5E74\u540E\u300B\u4E2D\u4E5F\u88AB\u919C\u5316\u63CF\u5BEB\u4E86\u3002"@zh ,
"Armand-Jean I. du Plessis de Richelieu, intrat \u00EEn istorie cu numele de Cardinalul Richelieu, a fost un cleric, nobil \u015Fi om politic francez. A avut titlurile de Marquis du Chillou, episcop de Lu\u00E7on, cardinal, prim duce de Richelieu \u015Fi prim duce de Fronsac, abate de Cluny, C\u00EEteaux \u015Fi Pr\u00E9montr\u00E9. De asemenea numit \"Eminen\u0163a ro\u015Fie\", a fost cel mai apropiat consilier al lui Ludovic al XIII-lea, \u0163elul s\u0103u fiind schimbarea structurii statului francez \u00EEntr-o monarhie absolut\u0103 \u015Fi sl\u0103birea hegemoniei Habsburgice \u00EEn Europa."@ro ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardenal-duque de Richelieu, fue un prelado, noble y hombre de estado franc\u00E9s. Nombrado obispo en 1607, entr\u00F3 en la pol\u00EDtica, convirti\u00E9ndose en Secretario de Estado, en 1616. Richelieu pronto alcanz\u00F3 un gran poder en la Iglesia cat\u00F3lica y en el Reino de Francia, convirti\u00E9ndose en cardenal en 1622, y en el primer ministro del rey Luis XIII en 1624. Permaneci\u00F3 en el cargo hasta su muerte en 1642, siendo sucedido por el tambi\u00E9n cardenal Julio Mazarino. Como, consolid\u00F3 la monarqu\u00EDa francesa luchando contra las diversas facciones dom\u00E9sticas. Para contrarrestar el poder de la nobleza, transform\u00F3 Francia en un fuerte Estado centralizado. Su pol\u00EDtica exterior fundamental fue contrarrestar el poder de la dinast\u00EDa austro-hisp\u00E1nica de los Habsburgo, entonces reinante en Espa\u00F1a y en el Sacro Imperio Romano Germ\u00E1nico. Para ello, a\u00FAn siendo un ministro cat\u00F3lico, no dud\u00F3 en aliarse con los protestantes para alcanzar dicho objetivo. Fue particularmente notoria su intervenci\u00F3n en la Guerra de los Treinta A\u00F1os, que termin\u00F3 con la Paz de Westfalia. Su apoyo a la expansi\u00F3n ultramarina le hizo fundar asentamientos en Nueva Francia, Guadalupe, Guayana, Martinica, Senegal, Madagascar y Reuni\u00F3n. Richelieu fue tambi\u00E9n famoso por su mecenazgo del arte y por fundar la Acad\u00E9mie fran\u00E7aise, la instituci\u00F3n que cuida del franc\u00E9s. Es asimismo conocido por el sobrenombre de l'\u00C9minence rouge (\"La eminencia roja\"), por las vestiduras roja de los cardenales."@es ,
"Annen betydning: \u00ABRichelieu\u00BB, skipsnavn. Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, mest kjent som Kardinal Richelieu var kardinal og fransk statsmann. Han ble f\u00F8dt under navnet Armand-Jean du Plessis i Paris. Han tok senere navnet Richelieu fra familiens eiendom. Som 17-\u00E5ring begynte han \u00E5 studere teologi, og i 1606 ble han utnevnt til biskop. I 1622 gjorde pave Gregor XV ham til kardinal. Fra 1624 var han Ludvig XIIIs f\u00F8rsteminister og han undertrykket brutalt all motstand mot monarkiet, blant annet med bekjempelsen av de protestantiske hugenottene. I mer enn 18 \u00E5r var han Frankrikes reelle makthaver og det var han som gjorde Frankrike til en av Europas stormakter. Han sto for byggingen av den franske fl\u00E5ten og etablerte franske kolonier i Afrika. Richelieu verdsatte ogs\u00E5 kunst og vitenskap. Han gjennoppbygget Sorbonne, st\u00F8ttet lovende forfattere og i 1634 grunnla han Det franske akademi. I 1844 fremstilte Alexandre Dumas Richelieu som en maktgal skurk i sin roman \u00ABDe tre Musketerer\u00BB, og siden da har hans navn v\u00E6rt forbundet med politiske intriger og maktgalskap."@no ,
"\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B:COA Cardinal de Richelieu. svg \u0413\u0435\u0440\u0431 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0420\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0451 \u0410\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D \u0416\u0430\u043D \u0434\u044E \u041F\u043B\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0446\u043E\u0433 \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0451, \u041A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0301\u043B \u0420\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0435\u0301, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u00AB\u041A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B\u00BB \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B, \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C. \u041A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B \u0420\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0451\u043C \u0441 1616 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u00AB\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043C\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043C \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F\u00BB) \u0441 1624 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438."@ru ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (9 September 1585 \u2013 4 December 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman. Consecrated as a bishop in 1608, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Church and the state, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Jules Cardinal Mazarin. The Cardinal de Richelieu was often known by the title of the King's \"Chief Minister\" or \"First Minister. \" As a result, he is considered to be the world's first Prime Minister, in the modern sense of the term. He sought to consolidate royal power and crush domestic factions. By restraining the power of the nobility, he transformed France into a strong, centralized state. His chief foreign policy objective was to check the power of the Austro-Spanish Habsburg dynasty. Although he was a cardinal, he did not hesitate to make alliances with Protestant rulers in attempting to achieve this goal. His tenure was marked by the Thirty Years' War that engulfed Europe. Richelieu was also famous for his patronage of the arts; most notably, he founded the Acad\u00E9mie fran\u00E7aise, the learned society responsible for matters pertaining to the French language. Richelieu is also known by the sobriquet l'\u00C9minence rouge (\"the Red Eminence\"), from the red shade of a cardinal's vestments and the style \"eminence\" as a cardinal. As an advocate for Samuel de Champlain and of the retention of Quebec, he founded the Compagnie des Cent-Associ\u00E9s and saw the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye return Quebec City to French rule under Champlain, after the settlement had been captured by the Kirkes in 1629. This in part allowed the colony to eventually develop into the heartland of Francophone culture in North America. He is also a leading character in The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas, p\u00E8re and its subsequent film adaptations, portrayed as a main antagonist, and a powerful ruler, even more powerful than the King himself, though events like the Day of the Dupes show that in fact he very much depended on the King to keep this power."@en ,
"\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B:COA Cardinal de Richelieu. svg \u0410\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D \u0416\u0430\u043D \u0434\u044E \u041F\u043B\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0456\u0301, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0446\u043E\u0433 \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0454 (\u0444\u0440. Armand Jean Du Plessis, Cardinal et Duc de Richelieu) \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0456\u044F\u0447, \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B, \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0441, \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0437 1624. \u0414\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0433 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044E \u041B\u044E\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043A\u0443 XIII \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442\u043D\u044C\u043E\u044E \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043E\u044E. \u0419\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u044E \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u044E \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u044E, \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0436\u043E\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u043E\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u0443\u0433\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433 \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0434\u0443. 3\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0443\u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0432 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0456, \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0439\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0413\u0430\u0431\u0441\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0448\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044F \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0410\u0434\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430 \u0456 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u043D\u044F\u0437\u0456\u0432-\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442\u044C\u0431\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0439 \u0443 1635 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0432 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044E \u0434\u043E \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0443 \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u044F\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456. \u0417\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u0430\u043A\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043C\u0456\u044E. \u0419\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D \u0415\u043C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u044E\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0434\u044E \u041F\u043B\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0456, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0446\u043E\u0433 \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0454 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0437 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0443\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u041E\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430."@uk ,
"Armand-Jean I. du Plessis de Richelieu, genannt vor allem Kardinal Richelieu,, Marquis du Chillou, Bischof von Lu\u00E7on (1608), Kardinal (1622), 1. Herzog von Richelieu (1631) und 1. Herzog von Fronsac (1634), Generalabt von Cluny, C\u00EEteaux und Pr\u00E9montr\u00E9. Auch \u201Erote Eminenz\u201C genannt; ma\u00DFgeblicher Berater und Minister Ludwigs XIII. ; seine vorrangigen Ziele waren die Umgestaltung Frankreichs in einen absolutistischen Staat und das Beenden der habsburgischen Vormachtstellung in Europa."@de ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu - francuski ksi\u0105\u017C\u0119, kardyna\u0142, pierwszy minister Francji."@pl ,
"Kardin\u00E1l Armand Jean du Plessis, v\u00E9voda de Richelieu, tak\u00E9 zn\u00E1m\u00FD pod sv\u00FDm titulem kardin\u00E1l Richelieu byl francouzsk\u00FD \u0161lechtic, duchovn\u00ED a st\u00E1tn\u00EDk, prvn\u00ED ministr francouzsk\u00E9ho kr\u00E1le Ludv\u00EDka XIII. v letech 1624\u20131642. Je obecn\u011B pova\u017Eov\u00E1n za jednoho z nejv\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch francouzsk\u00FDch politik\u016F 17. stolet\u00ED. Spolu s kr\u00E1lem Ludv\u00EDkem XIII. , kter\u00FD na n\u011Bm nech\u00E1val v\u011Bt\u0161inu rozhodnut\u00ED, byl hlavn\u00EDm str\u016Fjcem politiky Francie. Konsolidoval kr\u00E1lovskou moc, rozdrtil opozici z \u0159ad francouzsk\u00E9 \u0161lechty a protestant\u016F a postupn\u011B vytvo\u0159il z Francie siln\u00FD a vysoce centralizovan\u00FD st\u00E1t. V\u0161emo\u017En\u011B podporoval kolonizaci, zejm\u00E9na v Severn\u00ED Americe, a oponoval mocensk\u00FDm snah\u00E1m rakousko-\u0161pan\u011Blsk\u00E9 Habsbursk\u00E9 dynastie a z tohoto d\u016Fvodu podpo\u0159il ve t\u0159icetilet\u00E9 v\u00E1lce stranu protestant\u016F. Byl velk\u00FDm mecen\u00E1\u0161em v\u011Bdy a um\u011Bn\u00ED, mimo jin\u00E9 zalo\u017Eil Francouzskou akademii, zodpov\u011Bdnou za p\u00E9\u010Di o francouzsk\u00FD jazyk. Obecn\u011B je pova\u017Eov\u00E1n za pr\u016Fkopn\u00EDka a symbol nov\u00E9ho stylu politiky, kter\u00E1 z velk\u00E9 \u010D\u00E1sti upozadila mor\u00E1ln\u00ED a n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00E9 ohledy, p\u0159ed kter\u00FDmi up\u0159ednost\u0148ovala raison d'\u00C9tat. Pragmatismus ho neopou\u0161t\u011Bl ani v osobn\u00EDm \u017Eivot\u011B, nap\u0159. povinn\u00E9 modlitby p\u0159edepsan\u00E9 kn\u011B\u017E\u00EDm \u0159e\u0161il tak, \u017Ee se za\u010Dal modlit p\u0159ed p\u016Flnoc\u00ED a kon\u010Dil po n\u00ED \u2013 \u010D\u00EDm\u017E si (dle pon\u011Bkud origin\u00E1ln\u00EDho v\u00FDkladu) jednu modlitbu p\u0159ipsal na dva dny a m\u011Bl tak na 48 hodin pokoj. Jeho postava vystupuje v \u0159ad\u011B historick\u00FDch rom\u00E1n\u016F a jejich televizn\u00EDch adaptac\u00EDch, zejm\u00E9na pak v Dumasov\u011B s\u00E9rii T\u0159i mu\u0161ket\u00FD\u0159i."@cs ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis, cardinal-duc de Richelieu et duc de Fronsac, pair de France, ministre de Louis XIII. N\u00E9 \u00E0 Paris le 9 septembre 1585, il meurt le 4 d\u00E9cembre 1642 \u00E0 l'\u00E2ge de 57 ans. Initialement destin\u00E9 au m\u00E9tier des armes, il est contraint de rentrer dans les ordres afin de conserver \u00E0 sa famille le b\u00E9n\u00E9fice de l'\u00E9v\u00EAch\u00E9 de Lu\u00E7on. Il devient secr\u00E9taire d\u2019\u00C9tat en 1616 puis cardinal en 1622 et principal ministre de Louis XIII en 1624. Il reste en fonction jusqu'\u00E0 sa mort, en 1642; le cardinal Jules Mazarin lui succ\u00E8de. La fonction exerc\u00E9e par Richelieu aupr\u00E8s de Louis XIII est souvent d\u00E9sign\u00E9e par le qualificatif de premier ministre, alors que le titre n'existe pas \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque. Aussi le cardinal est-il parfois consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme le premier des Premiers ministres que le monde ait connus. Son action englobe aussi bien des dimensions politiques, diplomatiques et coloniales que culturelles et religieuses. R\u00E9put\u00E9 pour son habilet\u00E9 voire son caract\u00E8re jug\u00E9 retors, souvent critiqu\u00E9 pour sa fermet\u00E9 intransigeante, il fait du concept moderne de raison d'\u00C9tat la cl\u00E9 de vo\u00FBte de ses m\u00E9thodes de gouvernement et de sa vision diplomatique et politique. En lutte \u00E0 l'int\u00E9rieur contre la noblesse et les protestants, et \u00E0 l'ext\u00E9rieur contre les Habsbourg, r\u00E9primant s\u00E9v\u00E8rement aussi bien les duels meurtriers que les r\u00E9voltes antifiscales paysannes, il est consid\u00E9r\u00E9 comme un fondateur essentiel de l'\u00C9tat moderne en France. Son action est un dur combat pour un renforcement du pouvoir royal, qui s'affirmera d'une mani\u00E8re plus triomphante sous le gouvernement personnel de Louis XIV (1661-1715) et plus apais\u00E9e sous celui du cardinal Fleury (1726-1743). Cette nouvelle forme de la monarchie sera plus tard d\u00E9sign\u00E9e par le terme d'absolutisme."@fr ,
"F\u00E1jl:Cardinal Richelieu (Champaigne). jpg Richelieu (Philippe de Champaigne festm\u00E9nye) F\u00E1jl:COA Cardinal de Richelieu. svg Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu francia \u00E1llamf\u00E9rfi. A \u201ERichelieu b\u00EDboros\u201D elnevez\u00E9s nem pontos, mert Alphonse nev\u0171 b\u00E1tyja szint\u00E9n b\u00EDborosi rangot t\u00F6lt\u00F6tt be, \u00E1m du Plessisnek sem nevezhetj\u00FCk testv\u00E9rei miatt."@hu ;
rdfs:comment "Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardenal-duque de Richelieu, fue un prelado, noble y hombre de estado franc\u00E9s. Nombrado obispo en 1607, entr\u00F3 en la pol\u00EDtica, convirti\u00E9ndose en Secretario de Estado, en 1616. Richelieu pronto alcanz\u00F3 un gran poder en la Iglesia cat\u00F3lica y en el Reino de Francia, convirti\u00E9ndose en cardenal en 1622, y en el primer ministro del rey Luis XIII en 1624. Permaneci\u00F3 en el cargo hasta su muerte en 1642, siendo sucedido por el tambi\u00E9n cardenal Julio Mazarino."@es ,
"Kardin\u00E1l Armand Jean du Plessis, v\u00E9voda de Richelieu, tak\u00E9 zn\u00E1m\u00FD pod sv\u00FDm titulem kardin\u00E1l Richelieu byl francouzsk\u00FD \u0161lechtic, duchovn\u00ED a st\u00E1tn\u00EDk, prvn\u00ED ministr francouzsk\u00E9ho kr\u00E1le Ludv\u00EDka XIII. v letech 1624\u20131642. Je obecn\u011B pova\u017Eov\u00E1n za jednoho z nejv\u00FDznamn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDch francouzsk\u00FDch politik\u016F 17. stolet\u00ED. Spolu s kr\u00E1lem Ludv\u00EDkem XIII. , kter\u00FD na n\u011Bm nech\u00E1val v\u011Bt\u0161inu rozhodnut\u00ED, byl hlavn\u00EDm str\u016Fjcem politiky Francie."@cs ,
"\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B:COA Cardinal de Richelieu. svg \u0410\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D \u0416\u0430\u043D \u0434\u044E \u041F\u043B\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0456\u0301, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0446\u043E\u0433 \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0454 (\u0444\u0440. Armand Jean Du Plessis, Cardinal et Duc de Richelieu) \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0456\u044F\u0447, \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B, \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0438\u043C\u0443\u0441, \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0437 1624. \u0414\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0433 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044E \u041B\u044E\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043A\u0443 XIII \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0433\u0443\u0442\u043D\u044C\u043E\u044E \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043E\u044E."@uk ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis, Cardenal-Duc de Richelieu, prelat, noble i primer ministre franc\u00E8s. Nomenat bisbe en 1607, va entrar en pol\u00EDtica convertint-se en Secretari d'Estat en 1616. R\u00E0pidament va assolir altes cotes de poder tant dins l'Esgl\u00E9sia cat\u00F2lica com a Fran\u00E7a, convertint-se en cardenal en 1622, i en el primer ministre del rei Llu\u00EDs XIII de Fran\u00E7a en 1624. Va romandre en el c\u00E0rrec fins a la seva mort en 1642, sent succe\u00EFt pel tamb\u00E9 cardenal Julio Mazzarino."@ca ,
"\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Cardinal Richelieu (Champaigne). jpg \u30EA\u30B7\u30E5\u30EA\u30E5\u30FC\u67A2\u6A5F\u537F \u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:COA Cardinal de Richelieu. svg \u67A2\u6A5F\u537F\u304A\u3088\u3073\u30EA\u30B7\u30E5\u30EA\u30E5\u30FC\u516C\u7235\u30A2\u30EB\u30DE\u30F3\u30FB\u30B8\u30E3\u30F3\u30FB\u30C7\u30E5\u30FB\u30D7\u30EC\u30B7\uFF08Armand Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de Richelieu, 1585\u5E749\u67089\u65E5 - 1642\u5E7412\u67084\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30AB\u30C8\u30EA\u30C3\u30AF\u6559\u4F1A\u306E\u8056\u8077\u8005\u306B\u3057\u3066\u30D5\u30E9\u30F3\u30B9\u738B\u56FD\u306E\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\u30021624\u5E74\u304B\u3089\u6B7B\u53BB\u3059\u308B\u307E\u3067\u30EB\u30A413\u4E16\u306E\u5BB0\u76F8\u3092\u52D9\u3081\u305F\u3002"@ja ,
"F\u00E1jl:Cardinal Richelieu (Champaigne). jpg Richelieu (Philippe de Champaigne festm\u00E9nye) F\u00E1jl:COA Cardinal de Richelieu. svg Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu francia \u00E1llamf\u00E9rfi. A \u201ERichelieu b\u00EDboros\u201D elnevez\u00E9s nem pontos, mert Alphonse nev\u0171 b\u00E1tyja szint\u00E9n b\u00EDborosi rangot t\u00F6lt\u00F6tt be, \u00E1m du Plessisnek sem nevezhetj\u00FCk testv\u00E9rei miatt."@hu ,
"Armand-Jean I. du Plessis de Richelieu, intrat \u00EEn istorie cu numele de Cardinalul Richelieu, a fost un cleric, nobil \u015Fi om politic francez. A avut titlurile de Marquis du Chillou, episcop de Lu\u00E7on, cardinal, prim duce de Richelieu \u015Fi prim duce de Fronsac, abate de Cluny, C\u00EEteaux \u015Fi Pr\u00E9montr\u00E9."@ro ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis Richelieu, f\u00F6dd 9 september 1585 p\u00E5 slottet Richelieu vid orten med samma namn, Indre-et-Loire, d\u00F6d 4 december 1642 i Paris, var en fransk statsman, kardinal fr\u00E5n 1622 och fr\u00E5n 1631 hertig av Richelieu. Han f\u00F6ddes i en adlig familj i Paris. Han slog in p\u00E5 den kyrkliga banan och 1606 blev han biskop i Lu\u00E7on och 1622 kardinal."@sv ,
"Noto anche come Cardinale Richelieu, egli aveva due obiettivi principali: Rafforzare il potere del re in Francia Fare della Francia la pi\u00F9 grande potenza d'Europa Per raggiungere il primo obiettivo, Richelieu si scontr\u00F2 sia con i nobili sia con i protestanti, e cio\u00E8 con i calvinisti francesi chiamati Ugonotti. I nobili infatti volevano aumentare il loro potere. Contro di essi Richelieu us\u00F2, quando necessario, la forza."@it ,
"Armand-Jean I. du Plessis de Richelieu, genannt vor allem Kardinal Richelieu,, Marquis du Chillou, Bischof von Lu\u00E7on (1608), Kardinal (1622), 1. Herzog von Richelieu (1631) und 1. Herzog von Fronsac (1634), Generalabt von Cluny, C\u00EEteaux und Pr\u00E9montr\u00E9. Auch \u201Erote Eminenz\u201C genannt; ma\u00DFgeblicher Berater und Minister Ludwigs XIII. ; seine vorrangigen Ziele waren die Umgestaltung Frankreichs in einen absolutistischen Staat und das Beenden der habsburgischen Vormachtstellung in Europa."@de ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardeal de Richelieu, duque e pol\u00EDtico franc\u00EAs e primeiro-ministro de Lu\u00EDs XIII de 1628 a 1642; foi arquitecto do absolutismo na Fran\u00E7a e da lideran\u00E7a francesa na Europa. Teria nascido na rue de Jouy (hoje em Paris IV) em 9 de setembro de 1585 e foi batizado na igreja de St-Eustache em 5 de maio. Seu irm\u00E3o mais velho era Henri du Plessis, marechal de campo, governador da cidade de Angers, morto em duelo em 1619 por seu advers\u00E1rio o Marqu\u00EAs de Th\u00E9mines."@pt ,
"Annen betydning: \u00ABRichelieu\u00BB, skipsnavn. Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, mest kjent som Kardinal Richelieu var kardinal og fransk statsmann. Han ble f\u00F8dt under navnet Armand-Jean du Plessis i Paris. Han tok senere navnet Richelieu fra familiens eiendom. Som 17-\u00E5ring begynte han \u00E5 studere teologi, og i 1606 ble han utnevnt til biskop. I 1622 gjorde pave Gregor XV ham til kardinal."@no ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, yleisemmin tunnettu nimell\u00E4 kardinaali Richelieu, oli ranskalainen herttua, kardinaali ja poliitikko. H\u00E4n vahvisti Ranskan asemaa eurooppalaisena suurvaltana ja perusti Ranskan akatemian."@fi ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis, cardinal-duc de Richelieu et duc de Fronsac, pair de France, ministre de Louis XIII. N\u00E9 \u00E0 Paris le 9 septembre 1585, il meurt le 4 d\u00E9cembre 1642 \u00E0 l'\u00E2ge de 57 ans. Initialement destin\u00E9 au m\u00E9tier des armes, il est contraint de rentrer dans les ordres afin de conserver \u00E0 sa famille le b\u00E9n\u00E9fice de l'\u00E9v\u00EAch\u00E9 de Lu\u00E7on. Il devient secr\u00E9taire d\u2019\u00C9tat en 1616 puis cardinal en 1622 et principal ministre de Louis XIII en 1624."@fr ,
"\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043B:COA Cardinal de Richelieu. svg \u0413\u0435\u0440\u0431 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0420\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0451 \u0410\u0440\u043C\u0430\u0301\u043D \u0416\u0430\u043D \u0434\u044E \u041F\u043B\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0446\u043E\u0433 \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0451, \u041A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0301\u043B \u0420\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0435\u0301, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u00AB\u041A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B\u00BB \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B, \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C."@ru ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (9 Eyl\u00FCl 1585 \u2013 4 Aral\u0131k 1642) Frans\u0131z din adam\u0131 ve siyaset\u00E7i. Felsefe, askeriye ve din alanlar\u0131nda e\u011Fitim ald\u0131. \u00DClkenin fiili y\u00F6neticisi olan Concino Concini'nin hizmetine girdi. Kral hen\u00FCz \u00E7ocuk ya\u015Fta oldu\u011Fu i\u00E7in \u00FClkeyi Concini ile beraber kral\u0131n annesi y\u00F6netiyordu. Kral XIII. Louis'nin zamanla iktidara yakla\u015Ft\u0131\u011F\u0131n\u0131 fark eden Richelieu, giderek k\u0131z\u0131\u015Fan g\u00FC\u00E7 m\u00FCcadelesinde onun taraf\u0131n\u0131 tuttu."@tr ,
"Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu - francuski ksi\u0105\u017C\u0119, kardyna\u0142, pierwszy minister Francji."@pl ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis, hertog van Richelieu, algemeen bekend als kardinaal de Richelieu, was een invloedrijk Frans staatsman."@nl ,
""@zh ,
"Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (9 September 1585 \u2013 4 December 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman. Consecrated as a bishop in 1608, he later entered politics, becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Church and the state, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Jules Cardinal Mazarin."@en ;
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