@prefix dbpprop: .
@prefix dbpedia: .
dbpedia:Alexios_I_Komnenos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Alexios_IV_Angelos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Artabasdos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Constans_II dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Constantine_VII dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Staurakios dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Heraklonas dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Heraclius dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Irene_of_Athens dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Justin_II dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
@prefix dbpedia-owl: .
dbpedia:Legio_V_Macedonica dbpedia-owl:country dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
@prefix ns3: .
dbpedia:Legio_V_Macedonica ns3:country dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:country dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Leo_IV_the_Khazar dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Leo_V_the_Armenian dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Manuel_I_Komnenos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Michael_I_Cerularius dbpprop:birthPlace dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:deathPlace dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Michael_II dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Michael_VIII_Palaiologos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Romanos_I dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Romanos_IV_Diogenes dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Theodosius_II dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Theodosios_III dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Third_Crusade dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:forProperty dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Myriokephalon dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ,
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Crusader_invasions_of_Egypt dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia-owl:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
@prefix ns4: .
ns4:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:result dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:result dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Harim dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Bardas_Phokas_the_Younger dbpedia-owl:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
@prefix ns5: .
dbpedia:Bardas_Phokas_the_Younger ns5:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Anzen dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Bosra dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ,
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ,
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Firaz dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Hazir dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Kreta dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Ongal dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Pigae dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Sarus dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_the_Rishki_Pass dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battles_of_macrohistorical_importance_involving_invasions_of_Europe dbpedia-owl:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
ns4:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:result dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Nikephoros_Ouranos dbpedia-owl:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
ns5:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Eirene_Lakapena dbpprop:birthPlace dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Fall_of_Philadelphia dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:First_Bulgarian_Empire dbpprop:event dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Hikanatoi dbpedia-owl:country dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
ns3:country dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:country dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Kira_Maria_Asenina_of_Bulgaria dbpprop:deathPlace dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Lazic_War dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Andronikos_III_Palaiologos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Ad_Decimum dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:result dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Manzikert dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Constantine_XI_Palaiologos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Guy_IV_of_Spoleto dbpprop:reason dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:John_I_Tzimiskes dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:John_II_Komnenos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:John_VI_Kantakouzenos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:John_VIII_Palaiologos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Justinian_II dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Manuel_II_Palaiologos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Siege_of_Dorostolon dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Philaretos_Brachamios dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Tricamarum dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:result dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_the_Masts dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Vandalic_War dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Callinicum dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Heliopolis dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Katasyrtai dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Marcellae dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Mauropotamos dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Pelekanon dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Rusokastro dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Spercheios dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Versinikia dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Eirene_Palaiologina dbpprop:birthPlace dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:deathPlace dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Maria_Asenina_of_Bulgaria dbpprop:deathPlace dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Maria_Palaiologina_Kantakouzene dbpprop:deathPlace dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Medieval_Bulgarian_Army dbpprop:opponents dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Medieval_Serbian_Army dbpprop:allies dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Dara dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:result dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Constantine_IV dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Constantine_V dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Constantine_VI dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Philippikos_Bardanes dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Phocas dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:John_V_Palaiologos dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Justinian_I dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Leo_I_the_Thracian dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Leo_III_the_Isaurian dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Narses dbpedia-owl:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
ns5:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Serbia dbpprop:establishedEvent dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Tiberius_II_Constantine dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Tiberios_III dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:disambiguates dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Bulgarophygon dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Thomas_Palaiologos dbpprop:reason dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Fahl dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia-owl:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
ns4:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Iron_bridge dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ,
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ,
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Sebastopolis dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Sena_Gallica dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Byzantine_conquest_of_Bulgaria dbpedia-owl:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
ns4:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:place dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Byzatine_empire dbpprop:redirect dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:John_Kourkouas dbpedia-owl:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
ns5:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:allegiance dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:shortDescription dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ,
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Arcadius dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Basileus dbpprop:furtherProperty dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Basil_I dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Basil_II dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Ajnadayn dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Bapheus dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpedia:Battle_of_Skafida dbpprop:combatant dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
dbpprop:title dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire .
@prefix rdf: .
@prefix owl: .
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire rdf:type owl:Thing ,
dbpedia-owl:Place ,
dbpedia-owl:PopulatedPlace .
@prefix ns8: .
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire rdf:type ns8:FormerCountriesInTheBalkans ,
ns8:Country108544813 ,
dbpedia-owl:Country ;
dbpedia-owl:governmentType dbpedia:Autocracy .
@prefix ns9: .
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire owl:sameAs ns9:Byzantine_Empire ,
.
@prefix foaf: .
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire foaf:name "Byzantine Empire" ,
"Eastern Roman Empire" .
@prefix ns11: .
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire foaf:page ns11:Byzantine_Empire ;
dbpedia-owl:capital dbpedia:Constantinople ;
dbpedia-owl:currency "[[Solidus (coin)|Solidus]], [[Byzantine coinage|Hyperpyron]]" ;
dbpprop:reference ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
@prefix ns12: .
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire dbpprop:reference ns12:theodoro-principality ,
,
.
@prefix rdfs: .
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire rdfs:label "Imperi Bizant\u00ED"@ca ,
"\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044F"@ru ,
"Bysantin valtakunta"@fi ,
"Biz\u00E1nci Birodalom"@hu ,
"Bysantinska riket"@sv ,
"\u0412\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F"@uk ,
"Imperiul Roman de R\u0103s\u0103rit"@ro ,
"Empire byzantin"@fr ,
"\u62DC\u5360\u5EAD\u5E1D\u56FD"@zh ,
"Do\u011Fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu"@tr ,
"Impero bizantino"@it ,
"\u00D8stromerriket"@no ,
"Byzantine Empire"@en ,
"Byzantinisches Reich"@de ,
"Byzantijnse Rijk"@nl ,
"Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino"@pt ,
"Imperio bizantino"@es ,
"Cesarstwo bizantyjskie"@pl ,
"\u6771\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD"@ja ,
"Byzantsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e"@cs ;
dbpedia-owl:thumbnail .
@prefix ns14: .
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ns14:governmentType dbpedia:Autocracy ;
dbpprop:abstract "\u0412\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0301\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457. \u041D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u00AB\u0412\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F\u00BB \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044F\u0445 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u0434\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0432\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0406\u0454\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0430 \u0412\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430 \u0432 1557. \u041D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438 \u0412\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0439, \u044F\u043A\u043E\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u044F\u043A\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043D\u0430 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 (\u0426\u0430\u0440\u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u041A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F) \u0434\u043E 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\u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430, \u0437 VII \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0456 \u0434\u043E \u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u044F \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u2014 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0430."@uk ,
"Do\u011Fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu, ya da 16. y\u00FCzy\u0131lda Alman Hieronymus Wolff'un adland\u0131rmas\u0131yla Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu'nun 395'te Do\u011Fu ve Bat\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00E7\u0131kt\u0131. Ba\u015Fkenti Roma olan Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu 5. y\u00FCzy\u0131lda Germen kabilelerince y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Merkezi Konstantinopolis olan ve Do\u011Fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu da denen Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu ise, bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015Fk\u0131n s\u00FCre varl\u0131\u011F\u0131n\u0131 s\u00FCrd\u00FCrd\u00FC. Bizans'\u0131n ortaya \u00E7\u0131k\u0131\u015F\u0131, Roma \u0130mparatoru I. Constantinus'un ba\u015Fkenti, Roma'dan bug\u00FCnk\u00FC \u0130stanbul'a ta\u015F\u0131mas\u0131yla da yak\u0131ndan ili\u015Fkilidir. Roma \u0130mparatoru I. Konstantin (B\u00FCy\u00FCk Konstantin), 330'da imparatorlu\u011Fun ba\u015Fkentini eski Yunan kenti Byzantion'a (Bizans) ta\u015F\u0131d\u0131 ve yeni ba\u015Fkente, Constantinus'un kenti anlam\u0131na gelen Konstantinopolis (Constantinopolis) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi. B\u00FCy\u00FCk Konstantin, Roma'dan senat\u00F6rler ve y\u00FCksek memurlar getirterek Konstantinopolis'te yeni bir y\u00F6netim olu\u015Fturdu ve kenti yeniden imar etti. Roma \u00E7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015F\u0131n, Konstantinopolis'i bir H\u0131ristiyan kenti yapt\u0131 ve kendisi de bu dini benimsedi. Bizans'\u0131n y\u00F6neticileri kendilerini Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu'nun ger\u00E7ek miras\u00E7\u0131lar\u0131 olarak kabul ettiler ancak \u00F6te yandan Roma ile ili\u015Fkilerini de s\u00FCrd\u00FCrd\u00FCler. Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu'nun bat\u0131 kesimi k\u00FC\u00E7\u00FCk devletlere ayr\u0131l\u0131p par\u00E7alan\u0131rken, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu b\u00FCt\u00FCnl\u00FC\u011F\u00FCn\u00FC korumay\u0131 ba\u015Fard\u0131. Bat\u0131dan ba\u011F\u0131ms\u0131z olarak Do\u011Fu Akdeniz'de egemen olan Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu, klasik Yunan ve Roma uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n son merkezi oldu."@tr ,
"A Biz\u00E1nci vagy m\u00E1sn\u00E9ven a Keletr\u00F3mai Birodalom a R\u00F3mai Birodalom keleti ter\u00FCletein l\u00E9trej\u00F6tt, a k\u00F6z\u00E9pkor folyam\u00E1n eg\u00E9szen 1453-ig l\u00E9tezett, elg\u00F6r\u00F6g\u00F6s\u00F6d\u0151, kereszt\u00E9ny maradv\u00E1nyorsz\u00E1g, Konstantin\u00E1poly k\u00F6zponttal. Ter\u00FClete maxim\u00E1lis kiterjed\u00E9s\u00E9t I. Justinianus uralkod\u00E1sa alatt \u00E9rte el, aki nyugati h\u00F3d\u00EDt\u00E1saival k\u00EDv\u00E1nta vissza\u00E1ll\u00EDtani a r\u00E9gi birodalom egys\u00E9g\u00E9t, hogy annak ter\u00FClete az elk\u00F6vetkez\u0151 id\u0151kben a bolg\u00E1r, az arab \u00E9s a szeldzsuk t\u00F6r\u00F6k nyom\u00E1s alatt t\u00F6red\u00E9k\u00E9re olvadjon, s v\u00E9g\u00FCl csak mag\u00E1ra a v\u00E1rosra terjedjen ki. Ezer \u00E9ves fenn\u00E1ll\u00E1sa, illetve az \u00F3kori kultur\u00E1lis \u00F6r\u00F6ks\u00E9g tov\u00E1bbvitel\u00E9vel \u00E9s a kereszt\u00E9nys\u00E9g terjeszt\u00E9s\u00E9vel szerzett \u00E9rdemei kiemelik a t\u00F6rt\u00E9nelmi orsz\u00E1gok sorai k\u00F6z\u00FCl."@hu ,
"The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire, known to its inhabitants as the Roman Empire, the Empire of the Romans, was the continuation of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on the capital of Constantinople, and ruled by Emperors in direct succession to the ancient Roman Emperors. The Empire preserved Romano-Hellenistic traditions, but due to the increasing predominance of the Greek language, it became known to most of its western and northern contemporaries usually as the Empire of the Greeks. In the Islamic world it was known primarily as \u0631\u0648\u0645 . The term \"Byzantine Empire\" was popularized by historians during the 16th\u201319th centuries. The Eastern Roman Empire's evolution from the ancient Roman Empire is sometimes dated from Emperor Constantine I's transfer of the capital from Nicomedia to Byzantium on the Bosphorus, which became Constantinople. By the 7th century, increased eastern cultural influences, reforms by Emperor Heraclius, and the adoption of Greek as the official language, distinguished the later Roman character from its ancient character. During its thousand-year existence the Empire remained one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe, despite setbacks and territorial losses, especially during the Roman\u2013Persian and Byzantine\u2013Arab Wars. After the Komnenian restoration briefly re-established dominance in the 12th century, the Empire slipped into a long decline, with the Byzantine\u2013Ottoman Wars culminating in the Fall of Constantinople and its remaining territories to the Muslim Ottoman Turks in the 15th century."@en ,
"\u62DC\u5360\u5EAD\u5E1D\u56FD\uFF08\u6216\u5199\u4F5C\u62DC\u5360\u5EF7\u5E1D\u56FD\uFF1B\u5E0C\u814A\u8BED\uFF1A\u0392\u03C5\u03B6\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u79F0\u4E1C\u7F57\u9A6C\u5E1D\u56FD\uFF08\u62C9\u4E01\u6587\uFF1AImperium Romanum Orientale\uFF09\uFF0C\u4F4D\u4E8E\u6B27\u6D32\u4E1C\u90E8\uFF0C\u9886\u571F\u66FE\u5305\u62EC\u4E9A\u6D32\u897F\u90E8\u548C\u975E\u6D32\u5317\u90E8\uFF0C\u662F\u53E4\u4EE3\u548C\u4E2D\u4E16\u7EAA\u6B27\u6D32\u5386\u53F2\u6700\u60A0\u4E45\u7684\u541B\u4E3B\u5236\u56FD\u5BB6\u3002 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\u62DC\u5360\u5EF7\u5E1D\u56FD\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548C\u5B97\u6559\u5BF9\u4E8E\u4ECA\u65E5\u7684\u4E1C\u6B27\u56FD\u5BB6\u6709\u5F88\u5927\u7684\u5F71\u54CD\u3002\u6B64\u5916\uFF0C\u62DC\u5360\u5EF7\u5E1D\u56FD\u5728\u5176\u5341\u4E00\u4E2A\u4E16\u7EAA\u7684\u60A0\u4E45\u5386\u53F2\u4E2D\u6240\u4FDD\u5B58\u4E0B\u6765\u7684\u53E4\u5178\u5E0C\u814A\u548C\u7F57\u9A6C\u53F2\u6599\u3001\u8457\u4F5C\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u7406\u6027\u7684\u54F2\u5B66\u601D\u60F3\uFF0C\u4E5F\u4E3A\u4E2D\u4E16\u7EAA\u6B27\u6D32\u7A81\u7834\u5929\u4E3B\u6559\u795E\u6743\u675F\u7F1A\u63D0\u4F9B\u4E86\u6700\u76F4\u63A5\u7684\u52A8\u529B\uFF0C\u5F15\u53D1\u4E86\u6587\u827A\u590D\u5174\u8FD0\u52A8\uFF0C\u5E76\u6DF1\u8FDC\u5730\u5F71\u54CD\u4E86\u4EBA\u7C7B\u5386\u53F2\u3002"@zh ,
"- Byzantijnse Tijdlijn 667 v. Chr. De stad Byzantium wordt gesticht. ca. 509 v. Chr. - ca. 2e eeuw na Chr. De opkomst van het Romeinse Rijk. ca. 235 - 284 De \"Romeinse crisis van de 3e eeuw\". 292 De hervormingen van Diocletianus. 330 Constantijn de Grote verplaatst de regeringszetel naar \"Nova Roma\", dat Constantinopel zou gaan heten, vlak na zijn dood in 337. De stad zou meer dan een millennium de hoofdstad van het Byzantijnse Rijk blijven, met uitzondering van 1204-1261. 395 Het Romeinse Rijk wordt na de dood van Theodosius I definitief opgesplitst in een westelijk en een oostelijk deel. 502-628 Byzantijns-Perzische oorlogen. 527 Justinianus I wordt tot keizer gekroond. 7 april 529 De Codex Justinianus wordt gepubliceerd. 532\u2013537 Justinianus I bouwt de Hagia Sophia. 533\u2013554 Justinianus' generaals veroveren Noord-Afrika en Itali\u00EB op de Vandalen en Ostrogoten. 568 De Langobardische invasie resulteert in het verlies van het grootste gedeelte van Itali\u00EB. 610 Grieks wordt officieel de taal van het keizerlijke hof en de ambtelijke stukken. Overgang van Romeinse Rijk naar Byzantijnse Rijk compleet. 634\u2013641 Arabische legers veroveren de Levant en Egypte. In de komende decennia veroveren ze Noord-Afrika en later ook nog Sicili\u00EB op de Byzantijnen. 730\u2013787 en 813\u2013843 Het Iconoclasme resulteert in het verlies van het overgebleven Italiaanse grondgebied, met uitzondering van kleine gebieden van de Mezzogiorno. 960\u20131042 Het Byzantijnse Rijk behaalt een aantal overwinningen op de Abassidische en Fatimidische Kalifaten, waarbij delen van Mesopotami\u00EB, Syri\u00EB en Palestina worden heroverd. 843\u20131025 De Macedonische dynastie komt aan de macht en het Keizerrijk herleeft op militair en territoriaal gebied. Byzantijnse schrijvers behouden veel van de overgebleven Oud-Griekse en Romeinse teksten. 1002\u20131018 Keizer Basileios II vecht herhaaldelijk tegen de Bulgaren wat uiteindelijk zal leiden tot de ondergang van het Bulgaarse Rijk. 1014 Het Bulgaarse leger wordt compleet vernietigd bij de Slag bij Kleidon en Basileios II krijgt de bijnaam Bulgarendoder. 1018 Het Bulgaarse Rijk geeft zich over en wordt geannexeerd door het Byzantijnse Rijk. De hele Balkan wordt bij het Rijk gevoegd met de Donau als nieuwe noordgrens. 1025 Met de dood van Basileios II is het hoogtepunt van Byzantijnse macht voorbij en begint het langdurige verval van het Byzantijnse Rijk. 1054 De Oosters Schisma vindt plaats. 1064-1308 Byzantijns-Seltsjoekse oorlogen. 1071 Keizer Romanos IV wordt verslagen door de Seltsjoeken bij de Slag bij Manzikert, waardoor het grootste gedeelte van Klein-Azi\u00EB verloren gaat. In hetzelfde jaar worden de laatste Byzantijnse bezittingen in Itali\u00EB door Normandi\u00EBrs veroverd. 1081 De Komnenos-dynastie komt aan de macht door Alexios I en het Byzantijnse Rijk raakt betrokken bij de kruistochten. Welvaart en kunst bereiken nieuwe hoogten. Onderwijl vestigen de Turken zich in Anatoli\u00EB. 1091 Het Byzantijnse leger verslaat de Petsjenegen in de Slag bij Levounion. 1097 Nicea wordt door Byzantijnse legers en kruisvaarders op de Turken heroverd. 1097-1176 De Byzantijnse legers heroveren de kust van Klein-Azi\u00EB op de Turken en richten zich op centraal Anatoli\u00EB. Het kruisvaardersvorstendom Antiochi\u00EB wordt een Byzantijns protectoraat. 1122 De Byzantijnen verslaan de Petsjenegen in de Slag bij Beroia. 1167 De Byzantijnen behalen een beslissende overwinning op de Hongaren in de Slag bij Sirmium en Hongarije wordt een Byzantijnse satellietstaat. 1176 Tijdens de Slag bij Myriokephalon probeert Manuel I Konya, de hoofdstad van de Seltsjoeken, in te nemen. Manuel I moet zich echter terugtrekken nadat zijn belegeringstuig is verwoest. Dit is de laatste poging om Anatoli\u00EB te heroveren. 1180 Na de dood van Manuel I raakt het rijk verder in verval. 1185 Een succesvolle opstand in Bulgarije betekent het verlies van de Balkan. 1204 Constantinopel wordt door de kruisvaarders ingenomen en dezen stichten het Latijnse Keizerrijk. 1261 Constantinopel wordt heroverd door de Patriarch van Constantinopel die wordt gesteund door de Keizer van Nicea, Micha\u00EBl VIII, en het Griekse gezag wordt hersteld over een ten dode opgeschreven rijk. 1299-1453 Byzantijns-Ottomaanse oorlogen 1453 De Ottomanen veroveren Constantinopel, en met de dood van Constantijn XI komt het Byzantijnse Rijk tot een einde. } Het Oost-Romeinse of Byzantijnse Rijk of Romania (\u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1, Rh\u014Dman\u00EDa) is het Rijk (staat)rijk dat in de late oudheid en de daaropvolgende Middeleeuwen een groot deel van het oostelijke Middellandse Zeegebied besloeg, met als hoofdstad Constantinopel. Wat nu het Oost-Romeinse Rijk wordt genoemd was de overgebleven oostelijke helft van het Romeinse Rijk nadat het westelijke deel uiteindelijk ten onder ging door o.a. de Grote Volksverhuizing en interne instabiliteit tijdens de 5de eeuw. Hoewel de cultuur, de religie en de taal van het rijk overwegend Grieks waren, beschouwden de Byzantijnen zichzelf als inwoners van het Romeinse Rijk en zagen hun heersers zich niet alleen als de opvolgers van de Lijst van keizers van RomeRomeinse keizers maar zelfs als een ononderbroken continuering hiervan. Het rijk vormde lange tijd een buffer tussen West-Europa en het Arabische Rijk en Centraal Azi\u00EBCentraal-Aziatische rijken als de SeltsjoekenrijkSeltsjoeken en Mongoolse RijkMongolen. Het Byzantijnse Rijk had een grote invloed op de cultuur en kennis in West-Europa. Zo werd via de Byzantijnen de kennis uit de Oudheid, voor zover bewaard gebleven, en van de Arabieren ge(her)\u00EFntroduceerd in Europa. In de laatste eeuwen van zijn bestaan was het rijk geslonken tot een gebied in West-Anatoli\u00EB en Griekenland, vooral door verliezen aan de Arabieren, SassanidenPerzische Sassaniden en Ottomaanse RijkOttomanen. Vanaf 1204, het jaar dat de kruisvaarders Constantinopel plunderden en het rijk definitief op zijn retour raakte, kwam er een grote uittocht op gang van Byzantijnse intellectuelen en kunstenaars naar het steeds welvarender Europa. Met name voor Itali\u00EB betekende dit een belangrijke stimulans voor de Renaissance. In 1453 kwam er een definitief einde aan het Byzantijnse Rijk, toen Constantinopel door de Ottomaanse sultan Mehmet II werd veroverd."@nl ,
"\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Byzantine eagle. JPG \u6771\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\u672B\u671F\u306E\u56FD\u7AE0\u300C\u53CC\u982D\u306E\u9DF2\u300D\uFF08\u753B\u50CF\u306F\u30B3\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u30C6\u30A3\u30CE\u30DD\u30EA\u30B9\u7DCF\u4E3B\u6559\u5E81\u306E\u6B63\u9580\u306B\u4ECA\u3082\u63B2\u3052\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3082\u306E\uFF09\u3002 \u6771\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\uFF08\u3072\u304C\u3057\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u3066\u3044\u3053\u304F\u3001395\u5E74 - 1453\u5E74\uFF09\u306F\u3001 \u6771\u897F\u306B\u5206\u88C2\u3057\u305F\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\u306E\u6771\u65B9\u5730\u57DF\u3092\u7D99\u627F\u3057\u3001\u30AA\u30B9\u30DE\u30F3\u5E1D\u56FD\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6EC5\u307C\u3055\u308C\u308B\u307E\u3067\u306E1000\u5E74\u4EE5\u4E0A\u306B\u308F\u305F\u3063\u3066\u5B58\u7D9A\u3057\u305F\u5E1D\u56FD\u3002\u30D3\u30B6\u30F3\u30C6\u30A3\u30F3\u5E1D\u56FD\u3001\u30D3\u30B6\u30F3\u30C4\u5E1D\u56FD\u306E\u307B\u304B\u3001\u4E2D\u4E16\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\u3001\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u5E1D\u56FD\u3001\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30E3\u5E1D\u56FD\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u304C\u3001\u3053\u308C\u3089\u306E\u540D\u79F0\u306F\u3069\u308C\u3082\u5F8C\u4E16\u306E\u4EBA\u9593\u306B\u3088\u308B\u547C\u79F0\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u5F53\u6642\u306E\u653F\u5E9C\u3084\u4F4F\u6C11\u306F\u81EA\u3089\u306E\u56FD\u3092\u5358\u306B\u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u5E1D\u56FD\u3068\u79F0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002\u9996\u90FD\u306F\u30B3\u30F3\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u30C6\u30A3\u30CE\u30DD\u30EA\u30B9\uFF08\u73FE\u5728\u306E\u30C8\u30EB\u30B3\u9818\u30A4\u30B9\u30BF\u30F3\u30D6\u30EB\uFF09\u3002"@ja ,
"Cesarstwo Bizanty\u0144skie (tak\u017Ce Cesarstwo Bizantyjskie, Bizancjum) \u2013 termin historiograficzny u\u017Cywany od XIX wieku na okre\u015Blenie greckoj\u0119zycznego, \u015Bredniowiecznego Cesarstwa Rzymskiego ze stolic\u0105 w Konstantynopolu. U\u017Cywane zamiennie okre\u015Blenie Cesarstwo Wschodniorzymskie jest bardziej popularne w odniesieniu do okresu poprzedzaj\u0105cego upadek Cesarstwa Zachodniorzymskiego. Ze wzgl\u0119du na dominacj\u0119 greckiej kultury, j\u0119zyka oraz ludno\u015Bci, Bizancjum by\u0142o w wielu \u00F3wczesnych krajach Europy Zachodniej nazywane \"Cesarstwem Grek\u00F3w\", podczas gdy dla jego mieszka\u0144c\u00F3w by\u0142o to po prostu Cesarstwo Rzymskie, a jego cesarze kontynuowali nieprzerwan\u0105 sukcesj\u0119 cesarzy rzymskich. \u015Awiat islamu zna\u0142 Bizancjum pod nazw\u0105 R\u00FBm (ar. \u0631\u0648\u0645, \"ziemia Rzymian\"). Historycy nie s\u0105 zgodni co do dok\u0142adnej daty rozpocz\u0119cia bizanty\u0144skiego okresu historii Rzymu. Wielu uwa\u017Ca za pierwszego \"Cesarza Bizanty\u0144skiego\" Konstantyna I (panowa\u0142 w latach 306 - 337), kt\u00F3ry w 324 przeni\u00F3s\u0142 stolic\u0119 cesarstwa z Nikomedii do Bizancjum, zwanego odt\u0105d Konstantynopolem lub Nova Roma (\"Nowy Rzym\"). Miasto Rzym przesta\u0142o by\u0107 stolic\u0105 ju\u017C za rz\u0105d\u00F3w Dioklecjana (284-305). Niekt\u00F3rzy pocz\u0105tk\u00F3w Bizancjum upatruj\u0105 w okresie panowania Teodozjusza I (379 - 395), gdy chrze\u015Bcija\u0144stwo ostatecznie zaj\u0119\u0142o miejsce politeistycznej religii staro\u017Cytnego Rzymu, lub w latach tu\u017C po jego \u015Bmierci w 395, kiedy to utrwali\u0142 si\u0119 polityczny podzia\u0142 na Wsch\u00F3d i Zach\u00F3d. Jeszcze inni umiejscawiaj\u0105 pocz\u0105tek Cesarstwa p\u00F3\u017Aniej, w 476, i \u0142\u0105cz\u0105 go z ust\u0105pieniem ostatniego cesarza Zachodniego Cesarstwa, Romulusa Augustulusa, i pozostawieniem w\u0142adzy cesarskiej jedynie w r\u0119kach w\u0142adcy greckiego Wschodu. Pod uwag\u0119 brany jest r\u00F3wnie\u017C czas reorganizacji Cesarstwa za panowania Herakliusza (ok. 620), kiedy \u0142aci\u0144skie tytu\u0142y i zwroty zosta\u0142y oficjalnie zast\u0105pione przez ich greckie odpowiedniki. W rzeczywisto\u015Bci przemiany te zachodzi\u0142y stopniowo i w 330, gdy Konstantyn ustanawia\u0142 now\u0105 stolic\u0119, procesy hellenizacji i post\u0119puj\u0105cej chrystianizacji trwa\u0142y ju\u017C od d\u0142u\u017Cszego czasu. Koniec Cesarstwa uto\u017Csamiany jest generalnie z upadkiem Konstantynopola i pocz\u0105tkiem Imperium Osma\u0144skiego w 1453, chocia\u017C niekt\u00F3rzy uczeni uwa\u017Caj\u0105 za\u0144 dat\u0119 zdobycia Konstantynopola podczas IV krucjaty w 1204 lub moment upadku greckich kr\u00F3lestw sukcesyjnych: Mistry w 1460, Trapezuntu w 1461 i Monemwazji w 1471."@pl ,
"Impero bizantino \u00E8 il nome con il quale gli studiosi moderni definiscono l'Impero romano d'Oriente, separatosi dalla parte occidentale dopo la morte di Teodosio I nel 395. Non c'\u00E8 accordo fra gli storici sulla data in cui si dovrebbe cessare di utilizzare il termine \"romano\" per sostituirlo con il termine \"bizantino\". Le diverse impostazioni storiografiche condizionano anche la diversit\u00E0 di opinioni nella determinazione della datazione: il 476, ma anche il 395 (morte di Teodosio I), il 330 (fondazione di Costantinopoli da parte di Costantino I, mentre si cominci\u00F2 a parlare di Impero d'Oriente dal 364), il 565 (morte di Giustiniano I e del sogno della Restauratio imperii). La data prevalentemente accettata dal mondo accademico dell'inizio del \"periodo bizantino\" \u00E8 tuttavia il 610, anno dell'ascesa al trono di Eraclio I, il quale modific\u00F2 notevolmente la struttura dell'Impero, proclam\u00F2 il greco lingua ufficiale in sostituzione del latino e assunse inoltre il titolo imperiale di basileus, al posto di quello di augustus usato fino a quel momento. Resta comunque il fatto che per gli imperatori bizantini e per i propri sudditi il loro impero si identific\u00F2 sempre con quello di Augusto e Costantino I dal momento che \"romano\" e \"greco\" fino al XVIII secolo furono sinonimi. L'impero, dopo una lunga crisi, cess\u00F2 di esistere nel 1453. Nato il 17 gennaio 395 e caduto il 29 maggio 1453, quello bizantino \u00E8 l'impero che \u00E8 durato pi\u00F9 a lungo nella storia, con 1058 anni da stato sovrano. Se lo si intende come parte dell'Impero romano, di cui fu unico e legittimo successore, dur\u00F2 dal 27 a.C. fino al 1453, portando il computo a 1480 anni."@it ,
"Das Byzantinische Reich (griechisch \u0392\u03C5\u03B6\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE \u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1, offiziell \u0392\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u1FF6\u03BD \u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD), verk\u00FCrzt auch nur Byzanz (griechisch \u0392\u03C5\u03B6\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF) oder, aufgrund der historischen Herkunft, das Ostr\u00F6mische Reich, war ein Kaiserreich im \u00F6stlichen Mittelmeerraum. Es entstand in der Sp\u00E4tantike aus der \u00F6stlichen H\u00E4lfte des R\u00F6mischen Reiches und endete mit der Eroberung von Konstantinopel durch die Osmanen im Jahre 1453. Das Reich erstreckte sich anfangs bis zur arabischen Halbinsel und nach Nordafrika, war aber seit der Mitte des 7. Jahrhunderts auf Kleinasien und S\u00FCdosteuropa beschr\u00E4nkt und wurde von der Hauptstadt Konstantinopel aus regiert. Die Bezeichnung als Byzantinisches Reich ist in der modernen Forschung \u00FCblich, war aber unter Zeitgenossen nicht verbreitet, die nicht von \u201EByzantinern\u201C, sondern von \u201ER\u00F6mern bzw. Rhom\u00E4ern\u201C oder \u201EGriechen\u201C sprachen."@de ,
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\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044E \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041C\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0439 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438. \u041D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 IX\u2014XI \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044C\u0451\u0437\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044B \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0435\u043B\u044C\u044E \u043F\u043E\u0434 \u043D\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u043A-\u0441\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0434\u0436\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u043A-\u043E\u0441\u043C\u0430\u043D."@ru ,
"Port\u00E1l \u2013 Hlavn\u00ED \u010Dl\u00E1nek \u2013 Kategorie Byzantsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e je ozna\u010Den\u00ED, jeho\u017E se zhruba od 19. stolet\u00ED u\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 pro V\u00FDchodo\u0159\u00EDmskou \u0159\u00ED\u0161i, kter\u00E1 si po roce 476 udr\u017Eela jako jedin\u00FD st\u00E1tn\u00ED \u00FAtvar st\u00E1topr\u00E1vn\u00ED kontinuitu s \u0158\u00EDmskou \u0159\u00ED\u0161\u00ED. Hlavn\u00EDm m\u011Bstem \u0159\u00ED\u0161e byla Konstantinopol zalo\u017Een\u00E1 roku 330 c\u00EDsa\u0159em Konstantinem Velik\u00FDm jako Nov\u00FD \u0158\u00EDm. Vznik \u0159\u00ED\u0161e je datov\u00E1n do obdob\u00ED po smrti c\u00EDsa\u0159e Theodosia roku 395, kdy byla \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e de facto rozd\u011Blena na z\u00E1padn\u00ED a v\u00FDchodn\u00ED \u010D\u00E1st (hlavn\u00ED m\u011Bsto Konstantinopol). Definitivn\u011B v\u0161ak lze mluvit o samostatn\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161i a\u017E po roce 476, kdy byl sesazen posledn\u00ED z\u00E1pado\u0159\u00EDmsk\u00FD c\u00EDsa\u0159 Romulus Augustulus. Obyvatel\u00E9 byzantsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e se pova\u017Eovali ze st\u00E1topr\u00E1vn\u00EDho hlediska za \u0158\u00EDmany a svoji \u0159\u00ED\u0161i za \u0159\u00EDmskou. Stejn\u011B tak ch\u00E1pali sv\u00E9 c\u00EDsa\u0159e jako pokra\u010Dovatele \u0159\u00EDmsk\u00FDch c\u00EDsa\u0159\u016F. V isl\u00E1msk\u00E9m sv\u011Bt\u011B byla \u0159\u00ED\u0161e naz\u00FDv\u00E1na R\u00FAm (\u0631\u0648\u0645). \u00DA\u0159edn\u00EDm jazykem zde byla od 6. stolet\u00ED \u0159e\u010Dtina, st\u00E1tn\u00EDm n\u00E1bo\u017Eenstv\u00EDm od roku 380 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ED. Nejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00EDho rozmachu dos\u00E1hla \u0159\u00ED\u0161e za Justini\u00E1na I. , pot\u00E9 n\u00E1sledkem expanze isl\u00E1mu a p\u0159\u00EDchodu Slovan\u016F nastal hospod\u00E1\u0159sk\u00FD i mocensk\u00FD \u00FApadek. Po ikonoklastick\u00E9m hnut\u00ED a \u0161patn\u00E9 vnitropolitick\u00E9 situaci do\u0161lo k op\u011Btovn\u00E9 expanzi a k znovuz\u00EDsk\u00E1n\u00ED velmocensk\u00E9 pozice, a to zejm\u00E9na za vl\u00E1dy Basilea II. Vlivem kulturn\u00EDch rozd\u00EDl\u016F se posl\u00E9ze b\u011Bhem Velk\u00E9ho schisma byzantsk\u00E1 pravoslavn\u00E1 c\u00EDrkev roze\u0161la s c\u00EDrkv\u00ED katolickou. Po ztr\u00E1t\u011B Mal\u00E9 Asie (zhurba 1071 a\u017E 1081) a po uskute\u010Dn\u011Bn\u00ED \u010Dtvrt\u00E9 k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy, kter\u00E1 dobyla a vyplenila Konstantinopol, nep\u0159estala ji\u017E byzantsk\u00E1 moc pomalu upadat. Definitivn\u011B \u0159\u00ED\u0161e zanikla dobyt\u00EDm Konstantinopole osmansk\u00FDmi Turky roku 1453, ale n\u011Bkter\u00E9 jej\u00ED \u010D\u00E1sti si je\u0161t\u011B po n\u011Bjakou dobu udr\u017Eely svoji samostatnost."@cs ,
"L'Empire byzantin ou Empire romain d'Orient (en grec \u0392\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD / Basile\u00EDa Rh\u00F4ma\u00ED\u00F4n), est le nom donn\u00E9 depuis le XVII si\u00E8cle \u00E0 la moiti\u00E9 orientale de l'Empire romain. D\u00E8s la fin du III si\u00E8cle, une s\u00E9paration est faite et il est d\u00E9finitivement partag\u00E9 en deux parties en l'an 395, \u00E0 la mort de Th\u00E9odose I. L'Empire romain d'Occident dispara\u00EEt en 476 et l'Empire byzantin dure jusqu'en 1453, date de la chute de Constantinople suite aux attaques ottomanes. Le mot \u00AB byzantin \u00BB vient de Byzance, l'ancien nom de la capitale imp\u00E9riale Constantinople. D'origine occidentale, ce terme exonyme n'est utilis\u00E9 que depuis 1557, quand il fut \u00E9t\u00E9 cr\u00E9\u00E9 par Hieronymus Wolf pour faire une distinction entre l'histoire de l'Empire romain dans l'Antiquit\u00E9 et celle de l'Empire romain d'Orient qui, depuis lors, est consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme une histoire grecque m\u00E9di\u00E9vale. Majoritairement hell\u00E9nophones, les habitants de ce pays, que nous appelons les \u00AB Byzantins \u00BB, appellent leur \u00E9tat par l'endonyme \u00AB Empire des Romains \u00BB (Basile\u00EDa Rh\u00F4ma\u00ED\u00F4n). Si leur religion, leur langue de communication, et leur culture sont essentiellement grecques plut\u00F4t que romaines, eux se voient n\u00E9anmoins comme des Romains (en grec Rhomaioi), rejoints en cela par les Perses, les Arabes et les Turcs qui appellent les Byzantins \u00AB Rum \u00BB, alors que les Europ\u00E9ens les appellent \u00AB Grecs \u00BB et leur Empire \u00AB Imperium Graecorum \u00BB, \u00AB Gr\u00E6cia \u00BB, ou aussi \u00AB Terra Gr\u00E6corum \u00BB. Geoffroy de Villehardouin, comme d'autres auteurs occidentaux m\u00E9di\u00E9vaux, parle constamment de l'\u00AB Empire de Romanie \u00BB lorsqu'il mentionne cet \u00C9tat. Au cours de ces mille ans d'existence, un certain nombre de lois et coutumes est conserv\u00E9 des Romains, ainsi que certains aspects culturels ou techniques comme l'architecture. La disparition de la partie occidentale de l'Empire romain et celle des l\u00E9gions romaines, les menaces permanentes sur leurs fronti\u00E8res am\u00E8nent les Byzantins \u00E0 se doter d'une arm\u00E9e puissante, dont la tactique \u00E9volue et commence \u00E0 s'\u00E9laborer de mani\u00E8re autonome d\u00E8s le VI si\u00E8cle. L'Empire byzantin est aussi un empire chr\u00E9tien qui, entre autres, aura d\u00E9fini certains dogmes du christianisme. L'\u00C9glise officielle est l'\u00C9glise chr\u00E9tienne universelle jusqu'au schisme de l'\u00E9glise romaine de 1054, ensuite cette partie de l'\u00C9glise, qui conserve la th\u00E9ologie et le droit canon du premier mill\u00E9naire prend le nom d'\u00C9glise orthodoxe."@fr ,
"Imperi Bizant\u00ED o Imperi Rom\u00E0 d'Orient s\u00F3n els noms convencionals utilitzats per descriure l'imperi Rom\u00E0 durant l'edat mitjana, centrat a la seva capital de Constantinoble. Els seus habitants i les nacions ve\u00EFnes s'hi referien simplement com a Imperi Rom\u00E0 (en grec \u0392\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD, Basile\u00EDa Rh\u014Dma\u00ED\u014Dn), Imperi dels Romans o Romania \u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1, Rh\u014Dman\u00EDa). Els seus emperadors continuaren la successi\u00F3 ininterrompuda dels emperadors romans, preservant les tradicions legals i culturals grecoromanes. Al m\u00F3n isl\u00E0mic era conegut principalment com a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u200E. A causa del domini ling\u00FC\u00EDstic, cultural i demogr\u00E0fic del grec medieval, gran part dels seus contemporanis de l'Europa occidental el coneixien com a Imperium Graecorum, o Imperi dels Grecs (vegeu tamb\u00E9 la secci\u00F3 d'etimologia). L'evoluci\u00F3 de l'imperi Rom\u00E0 d'Orient a partir de l'antic imperi Rom\u00E0 pot ser vist com un proc\u00E9s que comen\u00E7\u00E0 quan l'Emperador Constant\u00ED I transfer\u00ED la capital de Nicom\u00E8dia, a Anat\u00F2lia, a la ciutat de Bizanci, que fou rebatejada Nova Roma o Constantinoble, al B\u00F2sfor. Al segle VII, sota el regnat de l'emperador Heracli, les reformes del qual canviaren la naturalesa de l'ex\u00E8rcit de l'imperi i reconegueren el grec com la llengua oficial, l'imperi ja havia agafat un car\u00E0cter diferent. Durant la seva exist\u00E8ncia mil\u00B7len\u00E0ria, l'imperi sofr\u00ED nombroses desfetes i p\u00E8rdues de territori, especialment durant les guerres romanoperses i les guerres arabobizantines. Tot i que la seva influ\u00E8ncia a l'\u00C0frica del Nord i l'Orient Pr\u00F2xim havia entrat en declivi com a resultat d'aquests conflictes, l'imperi Bizant\u00ED continu\u00E0 sent una de les forces m\u00E9s potents d'Europa en termes econ\u00F2mics, culturals i militars. Despr\u00E9s d'un \u00FAltim ressorgiment sota la dinasta Comn\u00E8 al segle XII, l'imperi caigu\u00E9 en un llarg declivi durant les guerres otomanobizantines, acabant amb la caiguda de Constantinoble al segle XV. L'imperi, un basti\u00F3 del cristianisme i un dels principals centres de comer\u00E7 del m\u00F3n, contribu\u00ED a protegir Europa occidental del principi de l'expansi\u00F3 de l'islam, proporcion\u00E0 una moneda estable en or a la regi\u00F3 mediterr\u00E0nia, influ\u00ED en el dret, el sistema pol\u00EDtic i els costums de gran part d'Europa i l'Orient Pr\u00F2xim, i preserv\u00E0 gran part de les obres liter\u00E0ries i el coneixement cient\u00EDfic de l'antiga Gr\u00E8cia, Roma i moltes altres cultures."@ca ,
"\u00D8stromerriket, Det bysantinske riket eller Bysants var den \u00F8stre av de to delene Romerriket ble delt inn i som en f\u00F8lge av keiser Diokletians omfattende administrative reformer. I et hundre\u00E5r etter Diokletians tid ble fortsatt de to delene ansett som ett keiserrike, men etter Theodosius den stores d\u00F8d i 395 ble splittelsen endelig. \u00D8stromerriket skulle vise seg \u00E5 v\u00E6re mer stabilt enn den vestlige delen, og varte i nesten tusen \u00E5r etter Vestromerrikets fall i 476. Justinian Is regjeringstid (som startet i 527) s\u00E5 en rekke ekstensive, men midlertidige, gjenerobringer av Vestromerrikets territorier. Hans etterf\u00F8lgere brakte riket inn i en nedgangsperiode det bare s\u00E5 vidt klarte \u00E5 overleve. Keiserriket s\u00E5 en ny storhetstid mellom slutten av 800-tallet og starten av 1000-tallet hvor mye av tapte territorier ble gjenvunnet. Senere skulle kriger og invasjoner med blant andre korsfarerne og osmanerne bringe riket til fall. Konstantinopel ble inntatt av sultan Mehmet II i 1453, og med dette ble \u00D8stromerriket oppl\u00F8st."@no ,
"Imperiul Roman de R\u0103s\u0103rit sau Imperiul Bizantin sunt termeni folositi, \u00EEn mod conven\u0163ional, pentru a numi Imperiul Roman din Evul Mediu av\u00E2nd capitala la Constantinopol. Nu exist\u0103 un consens \u00EEn ceea ce prive\u015Fte data de \u00EEnceput a perioadei bizantine. Unii o plaseaz\u0103 \u00EEn timpul domniei lui Diocle\u0163ian, datorit\u0103 reformelor administrative pe care acesta le-a introdus, \u00EEmp\u0103r\u0163ind imperiul \u00EEn pars Orientis \u015Fi pars Occidentis. Al\u0163ii plaseaz\u0103 evenimentul \u00EEn timpul domniei lui Teodosiu I \u015Fi a victoriei cre\u015Ftinismului \u00EEmpotriva p\u0103g\u00E2nismului, sau, dup\u0103 moartea sa din 395, \u00EEn momentul diviz\u0103rii Imperiului \u00EEn jum\u0103t\u0103\u0163ile de vest \u015Fi de est. Al\u0163ii plaseaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 dat\u0103 mai t\u00E2rziu, \u00EEn 476, c\u00E2nd ultimul \u00EEmp\u0103rat vestic, Romulus Augustus, a fost for\u0163at s\u0103 abdice, astfel l\u0103s\u00E2ndu-l pe \u00EEmp\u0103ratul din estul elenizat ca singur \u00EEmp\u0103rat roman. \u00CEn orice caz, schimbarea a fost gradual\u0103 \u015Fi, p\u00E2n\u0103 \u00EEn 330, c\u00E2nd \u00EEmp\u0103ratul Constantin I \u015Fi-a inaugurat noua capital\u0103, procesul de elenizare \u015Fi cre\u015Ftinare erau deja \u00EEn curs."@ro ,
"Bysantin valtakunta tai It\u00E4-Rooma oli Rooman valtakunnan it\u00E4osa, joka s\u00E4ilyi l\u00E4nsiosan romahdettua 400-luvulla. Nimi Bysantin valtakunta, joka on johdettu valtakunnan p\u00E4\u00E4kaupungin Konstantinopolin aiemmasta nimest\u00E4 Byzantion, on keksitty renessanssin aikana. Nime\u00E4 k\u00E4ytettiin L\u00E4nsi-Euroopassa l\u00E4hinn\u00E4 sen vuoksi, ett\u00E4 haluttiin korostaa s\u00E4ilyneen Rooman it\u00E4osan uskonnon, kulttuurin ja yhteiskunnan \"kreikkalaisuutta\" ja v\u00E4hitt\u00E4ist\u00E4 erkanemista my\u00F6h\u00E4isantiikkisesta Roomasta. Valtakunnan asukkaat itse kuitenkin n\u00E4kiv\u00E4t itsens\u00E4 roomalaisina loppuun saakka. Latina s\u00E4ilyi valtakunnan hallintokielen\u00E4 aina 600-luvulle asti, jolloin sen syrj\u00E4ytti enemmist\u00F6n puhuma kreikan kieli. Alkujaan Bysantin valtakuntaan kuuluivat kaikki V\u00E4limeren it\u00E4osan rannikot. 600-luvulla se menetti suuren osan alueistaan arabeille, mink\u00E4 j\u00E4lkeen se k\u00E4sitti vain Anatolian ja osan Balkania. Valtakunta koki nousu- ja laskukausia, mutta pysyi V\u00E4limeren alueen suurvaltana 1100-luvulle asti. Valtakunta katosi lopullisesti turkkilaisten valloittaessa sen p\u00E4\u00E4kaupungin Konstantinopolin vuonna 1453. Bysantin kulttuuriperint\u00F6 ja ortodoksinen uskonto vaikuttavat kuitenkin yh\u00E4 \u2014 Kreikan ohella varsinkin Ven\u00E4j\u00E4ll\u00E4, joka 1500-luvulta l\u00E4htien on usein mielt\u00E4nyt itsens\u00E4 Bysantin perilliseksi."@fi ,
"Bysans omdirigerar hit, men kan ocks\u00E5 avse Byzantion, det \u00E4ldre namnet p\u00E5 Konstantinopel/Istanbul Bysantinska riket, eller Bysans, \u00E4r av tradition namnet p\u00E5 romarriket under medeltiden, det vill s\u00E4ga den universella kristna statsbildning som senare fick sitt centrum i Mindre Asien och hade Konstantinopel som huvudstad och som uppstod vid Romerska rikets delning 395 i en v\u00E4stlig och \u00F6stligt del mellan Theodosius I:s b\u00E5da s\u00F6ner Honorius och Arcadius och bestod fram till 1453. Under senantiken, i samband med v\u00E4stromerska rikets uppl\u00F6sning, ben\u00E4mns det bysantinska riket ofta \u00D6stromerska riket eller \u00D6strom. Den bysantinska kulturen var en blandning av den romerska staten, den grekiska kulturen, den hellenistiska kosmopolitismen och religi\u00F6sa str\u00F6mningar fr\u00E5n Orienten. Fram till den arabiska expansionen i b\u00F6rjan av 600-talet var arvet fr\u00E5n senantiken dominerande i riket \u2013 klassisk bildning och kulturell f\u00F6rfining uppbar den urbana kulturen hos det bildade skiktet i st\u00E4derna. Sedan m\u00E5nga st\u00E4der g\u00E5tt f\u00F6rlorade till araberna utpl\u00E5nades denna stadskultur i princip helt och genom bildstriderna fick riket ist\u00E4llet en medeltida karakt\u00E4r \u2013 samma hagiografier l\u00E4stes av alla samh\u00E4llsklasser, ikonerna betraktades som heliga objekt och genom themasystemet blev landsbygden allt viktigare. Riket \u00F6verlevde under sin tusen\u00E5riga historia m\u00E5nga invasioner fr\u00E5n barbarer, kristna och muslimer. Efter nederlaget mot seldjuker i slaget vid Manzikert \u00E5r 1071 f\u00F6ll dock Bysans makt och efter det fj\u00E4rde korst\u00E5gets plundring av Konstantinopel, som f\u00F6ljde er\u00F6vringen av staden 1204, \u00E5terh\u00E4mtade sig aldrig riket. Det innebar slutet p\u00E5 den antika, urbana kultur som utgjorde rikets ryggrad. Riket gick slutligen under med Konstantinopels fall f\u00F6r Osmanska riket 1453 och idag \u00E5terst\u00E5r bara fragment av dess l\u00E5nga historia."@sv ,
"Imperio bizantino es el t\u00E9rmino historiogr\u00E1fico utilizado desde el siglo XVIII para referirse al Imperio Romano de Oriente en la Edad Media. La capital de este imperio cristiano se encontraba en Constantinopla, de cuyo nombre antiguo, Bizancio, fue creado el t\u00E9rmino Imperio bizantino por la erudici\u00F3n ilustrada. En tanto que continuaci\u00F3n de la parte oriental del Imperio Romano, su transformaci\u00F3n en una entidad cultural diferente de Occidente puede verse como un proceso que se inici\u00F3 cuando el Emperador Constantino traslad\u00F3 la capital a la antigua Bizancio (que entonces rebautiz\u00F3 como Nueva Roma, y m\u00E1s tarde se denominar\u00EDa Constantinopla); continu\u00F3 con la escisi\u00F3n definitiva del Imperio en dos partes tras la muerte de Teodosio I, en 395, y la posterior desaparici\u00F3n, en 476, del Imperio Romano de Occidente; y alcanz\u00F3 su culminaci\u00F3n durante el siglo VII, bajo el emperador Heraclio I, con cuyas reformas (sobre todo, la reorganizaci\u00F3n del Ej\u00E9rcito y la adopci\u00F3n del griego como lengua oficial), el Imperio adquiri\u00F3 un car\u00E1cter marcadamente diferente al viejo Imperio Romano. A lo largo de su dilatada historia, el Imperio bizantino sufri\u00F3 numerosos reveses y p\u00E9rdidas de territorio, pese a lo cual continu\u00F3 siendo una importante potencia militar y econ\u00F3mica en Europa, Oriente Pr\u00F3ximo y el Mediterr\u00E1neo oriental durante la mayor parte de la Edad Media. Tras una \u00FAltima recuperaci\u00F3n de su pasado poder durante la \u00E9poca de la dinast\u00EDa Comneno, en el siglo XII, el Imperio comenz\u00F3 una prolongada decadencia que culmin\u00F3 con la toma de Constantinopla y la conquista del resto de los territorios bajo dominio bizantino por los turcos, en el siglo XV. Durante su milenio de existencia, el Imperio fue un basti\u00F3n del cristianismo, y contribuy\u00F3 a defender Europa Occidental de la expansi\u00F3n del Islam. Fue uno de los principales centros comerciales del mundo, estableciendo una moneda de oro estable que circul\u00F3 por toda el \u00E1rea mediterr\u00E1nea. Influy\u00F3 de modo determinante en las leyes, los sistemas pol\u00EDticos y las costumbres de gran parte de Europa y de Oriente Medio, y gracias a \u00E9l se conservaron y transmitieron muchas de las obras literarias y cient\u00EDficas del mundo cl\u00E1sico y de otras culturas."@es ,
"O Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino ou Reinado Bizantino, inicialmente conhecido como Imp\u00E9rio Romano do Oriente ou Reinado Romano do Oriente, sucedeu o Imp\u00E9rio Romano como o imp\u00E9rio e reinado dominante do Mar Mediterr\u00E2neo. Sob Justiniano I, considerado o \u00FAltimo grande imperador romano, dominava \u00E1reas no atual Marrocos, Cartago, sul da Fran\u00E7a e da It\u00E1lia, bem como suas ilhas, Pen\u00EDnsula Balc\u00E2nica, Anat\u00F3lia, Egito, Oriente Pr\u00F3ximo e a Pen\u00EDnsula da Crim\u00E9ia, no Mar Negro. Sob a perspectiva ocidental, n\u00E3o \u00E9 errado inserir o Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino no estudo da Idade M\u00E9dia, mas, a rigor, ele viveu uma extens\u00E3o da Idade Antiga. Os historiadores especializados em Biz\u00E2ncio em geral concordam que seu apogeu se deu com o grande imperador da dinastia Maced\u00F4nica, Bas\u00EDlio II Bulgaroctonos (Mata-B\u00FAlgaros), no in\u00EDcio do s\u00E9culo IX. A sua regress\u00E3o territorial gradual delineou a hist\u00F3ria da Europa medieval, e sua queda, em 1453, frente aos turcos otomanos, marcou o fim da Idade M\u00E9dia."@pt ;
rdfs:comment "- Byzantijnse Tijdlijn 667 v. Chr. De stad Byzantium wordt gesticht. ca. 509 v. Chr. - ca. 2e eeuw na Chr. De opkomst van het Romeinse Rijk. ca. 235 - 284 De \"Romeinse crisis van de 3e eeuw\". 292 De hervormingen van Diocletianus. 330 Constantijn de Grote verplaatst de regeringszetel naar \"Nova Roma\", dat Constantinopel zou gaan heten, vlak na zijn dood in 337. De stad zou meer dan een millennium de hoofdstad van het Byzantijnse Rijk blijven, met uitzondering van 1204-1261."@nl ,
"L'Empire byzantin ou Empire romain d'Orient (en grec \u0392\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD / Basile\u00EDa Rh\u00F4ma\u00ED\u00F4n), est le nom donn\u00E9 depuis le XVII si\u00E8cle \u00E0 la moiti\u00E9 orientale de l'Empire romain. D\u00E8s la fin du III si\u00E8cle, une s\u00E9paration est faite et il est d\u00E9finitivement partag\u00E9 en deux parties en l'an 395, \u00E0 la mort de Th\u00E9odose I. L'Empire romain d'Occident dispara\u00EEt en 476 et l'Empire byzantin dure jusqu'en 1453, date de la chute de Constantinople suite aux attaques ottomanes."@fr ,
"Bysantin valtakunta tai It\u00E4-Rooma oli Rooman valtakunnan it\u00E4osa, joka s\u00E4ilyi l\u00E4nsiosan romahdettua 400-luvulla. Nimi Bysantin valtakunta, joka on johdettu valtakunnan p\u00E4\u00E4kaupungin Konstantinopolin aiemmasta nimest\u00E4 Byzantion, on keksitty renessanssin aikana. Nime\u00E4 k\u00E4ytettiin L\u00E4nsi-Euroopassa l\u00E4hinn\u00E4 sen vuoksi, ett\u00E4 haluttiin korostaa s\u00E4ilyneen Rooman it\u00E4osan uskonnon, kulttuurin ja yhteiskunnan \"kreikkalaisuutta\" ja v\u00E4hitt\u00E4ist\u00E4 erkanemista my\u00F6h\u00E4isantiikkisesta Roomasta."@fi ,
"Imperi Bizant\u00ED o Imperi Rom\u00E0 d'Orient s\u00F3n els noms convencionals utilitzats per descriure l'imperi Rom\u00E0 durant l'edat mitjana, centrat a la seva capital de Constantinoble. Els seus habitants i les nacions ve\u00EFnes s'hi referien simplement com a Imperi Rom\u00E0 (en grec \u0392\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD, Basile\u00EDa Rh\u014Dma\u00ED\u014Dn), Imperi dels Romans o Romania \u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03AF\u03B1, Rh\u014Dman\u00EDa)."@ca ,
"Cesarstwo Bizanty\u0144skie (tak\u017Ce Cesarstwo Bizantyjskie, Bizancjum) \u2013 termin historiograficzny u\u017Cywany od XIX wieku na okre\u015Blenie greckoj\u0119zycznego, \u015Bredniowiecznego Cesarstwa Rzymskiego ze stolic\u0105 w Konstantynopolu. U\u017Cywane zamiennie okre\u015Blenie Cesarstwo Wschodniorzymskie jest bardziej popularne w odniesieniu do okresu poprzedzaj\u0105cego upadek Cesarstwa Zachodniorzymskiego."@pl ,
"Imperio bizantino es el t\u00E9rmino historiogr\u00E1fico utilizado desde el siglo XVIII para referirse al Imperio Romano de Oriente en la Edad Media. La capital de este imperio cristiano se encontraba en Constantinopla, de cuyo nombre antiguo, Bizancio, fue creado el t\u00E9rmino Imperio bizantino por la erudici\u00F3n ilustrada."@es ,
"\u0412\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0301\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0456\u044F \u2014 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457. \u041D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u00AB\u0412\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044F\u00BB \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0432 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044F\u0445 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0456\u0441\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0430\u0434\u0456\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0432\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0406\u0454\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0430 \u0412\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430 \u0432 1557."@uk ,
"\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0438\u044F, \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438\u0301\u044F (\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u0392\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD, \u00AB\u0418\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044F \u0420\u0438\u043C\u043B\u044F\u043D\u00BB); IV \u0432\u0435\u043A (?)\u20141453)\u00A0\u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0420\u0438\u043C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0435."@ru ,
"Bysans omdirigerar hit, men kan ocks\u00E5 avse Byzantion, det \u00E4ldre namnet p\u00E5 Konstantinopel/Istanbul Bysantinska riket, eller Bysans, \u00E4r av tradition namnet p\u00E5 romarriket under medeltiden, det vill s\u00E4ga den universella kristna statsbildning som senare fick sitt centrum i Mindre Asien och hade Konstantinopel som huvudstad och som uppstod vid Romerska rikets delning 395 i en v\u00E4stlig och \u00F6stligt del mellan Theodosius I:s b\u00E5da s\u00F6ner Honorius och Arcadius och bestod fram till 1453."@sv ,
"Impero bizantino \u00E8 il nome con il quale gli studiosi moderni definiscono l'Impero romano d'Oriente, separatosi dalla parte occidentale dopo la morte di Teodosio I nel 395. Non c'\u00E8 accordo fra gli storici sulla data in cui si dovrebbe cessare di utilizzare il termine \"romano\" per sostituirlo con il termine \"bizantino\"."@it ,
""@zh ,
"Imperiul Roman de R\u0103s\u0103rit sau Imperiul Bizantin sunt termeni folositi, \u00EEn mod conven\u0163ional, pentru a numi Imperiul Roman din Evul Mediu av\u00E2nd capitala la Constantinopol. Nu exist\u0103 un consens \u00EEn ceea ce prive\u015Fte data de \u00EEnceput a perioadei bizantine. Unii o plaseaz\u0103 \u00EEn timpul domniei lui Diocle\u0163ian, datorit\u0103 reformelor administrative pe care acesta le-a introdus, \u00EEmp\u0103r\u0163ind imperiul \u00EEn pars Orientis \u015Fi pars Occidentis."@ro ,
"\u00D8stromerriket, Det bysantinske riket eller Bysants var den \u00F8stre av de to delene Romerriket ble delt inn i som en f\u00F8lge av keiser Diokletians omfattende administrative reformer. I et hundre\u00E5r etter Diokletians tid ble fortsatt de to delene ansett som ett keiserrike, men etter Theodosius den stores d\u00F8d i 395 ble splittelsen endelig. \u00D8stromerriket skulle vise seg \u00E5 v\u00E6re mer stabilt enn den vestlige delen, og varte i nesten tusen \u00E5r etter Vestromerrikets fall i 476."@no ,
"Das Byzantinische Reich (griechisch \u0392\u03C5\u03B6\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE \u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1, offiziell \u0392\u03B1\u03C3\u03B9\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u1FF6\u03BD \u1FEC\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03AF\u03C9\u03BD), verk\u00FCrzt auch nur Byzanz (griechisch \u0392\u03C5\u03B6\u03AC\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9\u03BF) oder, aufgrund der historischen Herkunft, das Ostr\u00F6mische Reich, war ein Kaiserreich im \u00F6stlichen Mittelmeerraum. Es entstand in der Sp\u00E4tantike aus der \u00F6stlichen H\u00E4lfte des R\u00F6mischen Reiches und endete mit der Eroberung von Konstantinopel durch die Osmanen im Jahre 1453."@de ,
"O Imp\u00E9rio Bizantino ou Reinado Bizantino, inicialmente conhecido como Imp\u00E9rio Romano do Oriente ou Reinado Romano do Oriente, sucedeu o Imp\u00E9rio Romano como o imp\u00E9rio e reinado dominante do Mar Mediterr\u00E2neo. Sob Justiniano I, considerado o \u00FAltimo grande imperador romano, dominava \u00E1reas no atual Marrocos, Cartago, sul da Fran\u00E7a e da It\u00E1lia, bem como suas ilhas, Pen\u00EDnsula Balc\u00E2nica, Anat\u00F3lia, Egito, Oriente Pr\u00F3ximo e a Pen\u00EDnsula da Crim\u00E9ia, no Mar Negro."@pt ,
"Do\u011Fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu, ya da 16. y\u00FCzy\u0131lda Alman Hieronymus Wolff'un adland\u0131rmas\u0131yla Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu, Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu'nun 395'te Do\u011Fu ve Bat\u0131 olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla ortaya \u00E7\u0131kt\u0131. Ba\u015Fkenti Roma olan Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu 5. y\u00FCzy\u0131lda Germen kabilelerince y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Merkezi Konstantinopolis olan ve Do\u011Fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu da denen Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011Fu ise, bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015Fk\u0131n s\u00FCre varl\u0131\u011F\u0131n\u0131 s\u00FCrd\u00FCrd\u00FC."@tr ,
"The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire, known to its inhabitants as the Roman Empire, the Empire of the Romans, was the continuation of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on the capital of Constantinople, and ruled by Emperors in direct succession to the ancient Roman Emperors."@en ,
"A Biz\u00E1nci vagy m\u00E1sn\u00E9ven a Keletr\u00F3mai Birodalom a R\u00F3mai Birodalom keleti ter\u00FCletein l\u00E9trej\u00F6tt, a k\u00F6z\u00E9pkor folyam\u00E1n eg\u00E9szen 1453-ig l\u00E9tezett, elg\u00F6r\u00F6g\u00F6s\u00F6d\u0151, kereszt\u00E9ny maradv\u00E1nyorsz\u00E1g, Konstantin\u00E1poly k\u00F6zponttal. Ter\u00FClete maxim\u00E1lis kiterjed\u00E9s\u00E9t I."@hu ,
"Port\u00E1l \u2013 Hlavn\u00ED \u010Dl\u00E1nek \u2013 Kategorie Byzantsk\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e je ozna\u010Den\u00ED, jeho\u017E se zhruba od 19. stolet\u00ED u\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 pro V\u00FDchodo\u0159\u00EDmskou \u0159\u00ED\u0161i, kter\u00E1 si po roce 476 udr\u017Eela jako jedin\u00FD st\u00E1tn\u00ED \u00FAtvar st\u00E1topr\u00E1vn\u00ED kontinuitu s \u0158\u00EDmskou \u0159\u00ED\u0161\u00ED. Hlavn\u00EDm m\u011Bstem \u0159\u00ED\u0161e byla Konstantinopol zalo\u017Een\u00E1 roku 330 c\u00EDsa\u0159em Konstantinem Velik\u00FDm jako Nov\u00FD \u0158\u00EDm."@cs ,
"\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Byzantine eagle."@ja ;
foaf:depiction .
@prefix ns15: .
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire ns15:capital dbpedia:Constantinople .
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ns18:infobox_former_country ,
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dbpprop:s "Ottoman Empire"@en ,
"Empire of Trebizond"@en ,
"Despotate of Morea"@en ,
"League of Lezh\u00EB"@en ,
"Principality of Wallachia"@en ,
"Serbian Despotate"@en ,
"Republic of Ragusa"@en ,
"Republic of Venice"@en ;
dbpprop:p "Roman Empire"@en ;
dbpprop:seeAlsoProperty "Byzantine medicine"@en ,
"Byzantine-Arab Wars"@en ,
"Byzantine dress"@en ,
"Byzantine music"@en ,
"Byzantine law"@en ,
"Revolt against Heraclius"@en ,
"Roman-Persian Wars"@en ,
"Heraclius"@en ;
dbpprop:era "Late Antiquity-Late Middle Ages"@en .
@prefix ns19: .
dbpedia:Byzantine_Empire dbpprop:footnotes ns19:harvnb ,
"1 Constantinople although other dates are often used..
3Date of end universally regarded as 1453, despite the temporary survival of remnants in Morea and Trebizond.
4 See Population of the Byzantine Empire for more detailed figures taken provided by ''McEvedy and Jones, \"Atlas of world population history\", 1978,'' as well as ''Angeliki E. Laiou, \"The Economic History of Byzantium\", 2002.''"@en ;
dbpprop:nativeName "Imperium Romanum \n \n Vasile\u00EDa t\u014Dn Rh\u014Dma\u00ED\u014Dn \n Empire of the Romans"@en ;
dbpprop:imageFlag "Flag_of_PalaeologusEmperor.svg"@en ;
dbpprop:event "Fall of Constantinople to the Fourth Crusade"@en ,
"Reconquest of Constantinople"@en ,
"East-West Schism"@en ;
dbpprop:continent "Africa, Europe, Asia"@en ;
dbpprop:dateStart "May 11"@en ;
dbpprop:commonName "Byzantine Empire"@en ;
dbpprop:eventStart "Foundation of Constantinople2"@en ;
dbpprop:dateEvent 1054 ,
1261 ,
1204 ;
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"Flag_of_Wallachia.svg"@en ;
dbpprop:yearStart 330 ;
dbpprop:eventPost dbpedia:Empire_of_Trebizond ;
dbpprop:symbolType "Imperial Emblem"@en ;
dbpprop:imageCoat "Palaiologos-Dynasty-Eagle.svg"@en ;
dbpprop:flagP "Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg"@en ;
dbpprop:imageMapCaption "The Byzantine Empire during its greatest territorial extent under Justinian. c. 550."@en ;
dbpprop:commonLanguages " Latin until the 7th century, Greek thereafter"@en ;
dbpprop:yearLeader "1449\u20131453"@en ,
"306\u2013337"@en .
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dbpprop:capital dbpedia:Constantinople ;
dbpprop:portalparProperty "Byzantine Empire"@en ,
"Flag of PalaeologusEmperor.svg"@en ;
dbpprop:legislature dbpedia:Byzantine_Senate ;
dbpprop:governmentType dbpedia:Autocracy ;
dbpprop:dateEnd "May 29"@en ;
dbpprop:yearEnd 1453 ;
dbpprop:conventionalLongName "Eastern Roman Empire"@en ;
dbpprop:datePre 285 ;
dbpprop:statPop 9000000 ,
5000000 ,
12000000 ,
10000000 ,
7000000 ,
34000000 ;
dbpprop:titleLeader dbpedia:Byzantine_Emperor ;
dbpprop:religion dbpedia:Religion_in_ancient_Rome ,
dbpedia:Eastern_Orthodoxy ;
dbpprop:region "Mediterranean Sea"@en ;
dbpprop:imageMap "LocationByzantineEmpire 550.png"@en ;
dbpprop:status "Empire"@en ;
dbpprop:symbol "Double-headed eagle"@en ;
dbpprop:leader "Constantine XI"@en ,
;
dbpprop:currency ,
dbpedia:Byzantine_coinage ;
dbpprop:eventEnd dbpedia:Fall_of_Constantinople ;
dbpprop:eventPre "Diocletian splits imperial administration between east and west"@en ;
dbpprop:datePost 1461 ;
dbpprop:statYear "12th cent4 (1143 AD)"@en ,
"4th cent4"@en ,
"11th cent4 (1025 AD)"@en ,
"13th cent (1281 AD)"@en ,
"8th cent (780 AD)"@en ,
"13th cent (1204 AD)"@en ;
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