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dbpedia:On_the_Road dbpedia-owl:genre dbpedia:Beat_Generation .
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dbpedia:On_the_Road dbpprop:genre dbpedia:Beat_Generation .
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@prefix rdfs: .
dbpedia:Beat_Generation rdfs:label "\u57AE\u6389\u7684\u4E00\u4EE3"@zh ,
"Beat-sukupolvi"@fi ,
"\u30D3\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\u30B8\u30A7\u30CD\u30EC\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3"@ja ,
"Beat Generation"@sv ,
"Generaci\u00F3 beat"@ca ,
"Generaci\u00F3n beat"@es ,
"\u0411\u0438\u0442-\u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435"@ru ,
"Beat Generation"@en ,
"Beat generation"@fr ,
"Beat Generation"@pl ,
"Beat Ku\u015Fa\u011F\u0131"@tr ,
"Gera\u00E7\u00E3o Beat"@pt ,
"Beat Generation"@de ,
"Beat Generation"@nl ,
"Beat-generasjonen"@no ,
"Beat generation"@it ,
"Beat generation"@cs ;
dbpprop:abstract "La Beat generation fu un movimento artistico, poetico e letterario sviluppatosi dal secondo dopoguerra (1947 circa) a fine anni Cinquanta, negli Stati Uniti. Tra gli autori di riferimento: Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs, Gregory Corso, Neal Cassady, Gary Snyder, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Norman Mailer."@it ,
"Gera\u00E7\u00E3o Beat (Beat generation em ingl\u00EAs) \u00E9 um termo usado tanto para descrever um grupo de escritores americanos, que vieram a se tornar conhecidos no final da d\u00E9cada de 1950 e no come\u00E7o da d\u00E9cada de 1960, quanto ao fen\u00F4meno cultural que eles inspiraram (posteriormente chamados beatniks, nome este de origem controversa, considerado por muitos um termo pejorativo). Estes escritores, reunidos a outros artistas, levavam vida n\u00F4made ou fundavam comunidades. Foram, desta forma, o embri\u00E3o do movimento hippie, se confundindo com este movimento, posteriormente. Muitos remanescentes hippies se auto-intitulam beatnicks e um dos principais porta-vozes pop do movimento hippie, john Lennon, se inspirou na palavra beat para batizar o seu grupo musical, \"The Beatles\". As obras mais conhecidas da gera\u00E7\u00E3o Beat na literatura s\u00E3o Howl (1956) de Allen Ginsberg, Naked Lunch (1959) de William S. Burroughs e On the road (1957) de Jack Kerouac. Tanto Howl quanto Naked lunch foram o foco da prova de obscenidade que ajudaram a liberar o que poderia ser publicado nos Estados Unidos. Seus principais autores eram publicados pela City Lights Books, editora de San Francisco, pertencente ao poeta beat Lawrence Ferllinghetti. On the road transformou o amigo de Kerouac, Neal Cassady, em um her\u00F3i dos jovens. Os membros da Gera\u00E7\u00E3o Beat rapidamente desenvolveram uma reputa\u00E7\u00E3o como os novos bo\u00EAmios hedonistas que celebravam a n\u00E3o-conformidade e a criatividade espont\u00E2nea. O adjetivo beat, do ingl\u00EAs, tinha as conota\u00E7\u00F5es de \"cansado\" ou \"baixo e fora\", mas quando usado por Kerouac esse tamb\u00E9m inclu\u00EDa as paradoxais conota\u00E7\u00F5es de \"upbeat\", \"beatific\", e a associa\u00E7\u00E3o musical de ser \"na batida\". Os escritores Beat davam enf\u00E2se em um engajamento visceral em experi\u00EAncias com as palavras combinadas com a busca a um entendimento espiritual mais profundo . Ecos da Gera\u00E7\u00E3o Beat podem ser vistas em muitas outras subculturas al\u00E9m da cultura hippies,como os a dos punks, etc.)."@pt ,
"\u30D3\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\u30B8\u30A7\u30CD\u30EC\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\uFF08Beat Generation\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u30011955\u5E74\u304B\u30891964\u5E74\u9803\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u6587\u5B66\u754C\u3067\u7570\u5F69\u3092\u653E\u3063\u305F\u30B0\u30EB\u30FC\u30D7\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u305D\u306E\u6D3B\u52D5\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3002\u30D3\u30FC\u30C8\u30CB\u30AF\uFF08Beatnik\uFF09\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u4E8B\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u751F\u5E74\u3067\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u6982\u306D1914\u5E74\u304B\u30891929\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u306B\u751F\u307E\u308C\u305F\u4E16\u4EE3\u306B\u76F8\u5F53\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja ,
"Beat Generation eller beatnikr\u00F6relsen var en amerikansk social och litter\u00E4r r\u00F6relse som b\u00F6rjade p\u00E5 1950-talet i artistmilj\u00F6erna i San Francisco och Greenwich Village i New York. Begreppet Beat Generation introducerades av Jack Kerouac omkring 1948 f\u00F6r att beskriva sin umg\u00E4ngeskrets f\u00F6r f\u00F6rfattaren John Clellon Holmes . Det engelska adjektivet \"beat\" hade betydelsen \"tr\u00F6tt\" eller \"utslagen\", men Kerouac tillade de n\u00E5got paradoxala uttrycken \"upbeat\" och \"beatific\". Att kalla denna lilla grupp str\u00E4vsamma konstn\u00E4rer och f\u00F6rfattare en \"generation\" var att h\u00E4vda att de var representativa och betydelsefulla \u2014 b\u00F6rjan p\u00E5 en ny trendriktning, j\u00E4mf\u00F6rbar med den s\u00E5 kallade \"Lost Generation\". Detta var ett v\u00E5gat drag som kan uppfattas som h\u00F6gmod, aggressiv marknadsf\u00F6ring eller kanske ett exempel p\u00E5 vaken insikt. Historien har utvisat att det inte bara var storhetsvansinne, utan en verklig insikt som blev sj\u00E4lvf\u00F6rst\u00E4rkande; ordet bidrog till att skapa vad det beskrev i sig sj\u00E4lv. Medlemmarna i Beat-generationen var nya bohemiska frihetsk\u00E4mpar, som gav uttryck f\u00F6r sin spontana, ibland r\u00F6riga, kreativitet. Beat-f\u00F6rfattarnas verk var kontroversiella b\u00E5de i dess f\u00F6respr\u00E5kande av olikhet, det udda, och deras annorlunda stil. De var b\u00E5de direkt och indirekt p\u00E5verkade av de europeiska trenderna inom existentialistisk filosofi."@sv ,
"De term Beat Generation refereert aan een klein aantal invloedrijke schrijvers uit de vijftiger en zestiger jaren van de 20e eeuw en met name Jack Kerouac, die de term bedacht, Allen Ginsberg en William S. Burroughs vormden de harde kern. Zij ontmoetten elkaar in Manhattan in 1940, en brachten hun tijd door in het appartement van Burroughs dat al snel een ontmoetingsplaats werd voor ambitieuze jonge schrijvers. De dichters van de Beat Generation, zoals Ginsberg, worden ook wel eens de 'Beat Poets' genoemd. Andere schrijvers die met deze beweging worden geassocieerd zijn dichter Gregory Corso, straatartiest Herbert Huncke en Neal Cassady die de inspiratie was voor Kerouacs boek On the Road. De groep breidde zich verder uit en veel leden verhuisden naar San Francisco, alwaar ze Gary Snyder, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Michael McClure, Philip Whalen en Lew Welch ontmoetten. In de jaren vijftig waren ze nog a-politiek. Ze waren eerder op zoek naar een persoonlijke 'intensive experience'. Hierdoor hadden ze weinig impact op het sociaal-cultureel leven, maar ze zouden wel als de voorlopers kunnen worden beschouwd van de revolutionaire generatie van de sixties. Uiteindelijk werd de term toegepast op een hele generatie jonge mensen die de levensstijl van de originele uitgesloten (\"beat\"-)schrijvers aspireerden. De term Beatnik werd door de pers uitgevonden naar aanleiding van hun pro-communistische idee\u00EBn. De dichters uit deze groep staan daarom ook wel bekend als de Beat Poets, al moet daarbij gezegd worden dat volgens sommigen die naam sloeg op de sterke ritmische po\u00EBzie die zij voordroegen. Vooral Allen Ginsberg is hier een goed voorbeeld van en hij geldt dan ook als de grondlegger van wat later de poetry slam werd."@nl ,
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"Beat generation [b\u00EDt d\u017Eenerej\u0161n], \u010Desky t\u00E9\u017E beatnici [b\u00EDtnici] a beatov\u00E1 [b\u00EDtov\u00E1] generace, \u0159id\u010Deji t\u00E9\u017E zbit\u00E1 \u010Di bla\u017Een\u00E1 generace, bylo um\u011Bleck\u00E9 a liter\u00E1rn\u00ED hnut\u00ED v USA. Toto hnut\u00ED vzniklo ve druh\u00E9 polovin\u011B 50. let a tento sm\u011Br se t\u00FDk\u00E1 v\u00EDce m\u00E9n\u011B pouze USA. Beatnici se vyzna\u010Dovali nonkonformn\u00EDm zp\u016Fsobem \u017Eivota, stav\u011Bli se do konfrontace s tradi\u010Dn\u00EDm zp\u016Fsobem \u017Eivota a s tradi\u010Dn\u00ED literaturou. Pokou\u0161eli se naj\u00EDt vlastn\u00ED styl, ten se projevoval p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm v popisu sv\u00FDch \u017Eivotn\u00EDch zku\u0161enost\u00ED \u2013 toul\u00E1n\u00ED se po USA, happeningy, experimenty s drogami atp. V poezii se auto\u0159i soust\u0159edili na nalezen\u00ED vztahu mezi autorem a \u010Dten\u00E1\u0159em, proto za\u010Dali svoji poezii ve\u0159ejn\u011B recitovat, nejprve tak \u010Dinili v r\u016Fzn\u00FDch barech, galeri\u00EDch a kav\u00E1rn\u00E1ch, pot\u00E9 i na velk\u00FDch m\u00EDtinc\u00EDch. Auto\u0159i byli \u010Dasto ovlivn\u011Bni orient\u00E1ln\u00EDmi n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00FDmi a filosofick\u00FDmi p\u0159edstavami, kter\u00E9 si v\u011Bt\u0161inou vykl\u00E1dali velmi voln\u011B, n\u011Bkdy i upravovali k obrazu sv\u00E9mu. Nejobl\u00EDben\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm se paradoxn\u011B stal zen-buddhismus. Dal\u0161\u00EDm v\u00FDrazn\u00FDm prvkem, kter\u00FD ovlivnil a inspiroval tyto autory, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm b\u00E1sn\u00EDky, byl jazz. Jazzovou hudbou byla \u010Dasto doprov\u00E1zena i jejich ve\u0159ejn\u00E1 vystoupen\u00ED."@cs ,
"El t\u00E9rmino Generaci\u00F3n Beat se refiere a un grupo de escritores estadounidenses de la d\u00E9cada de los cincuenta, as\u00ED como al fen\u00F3meno cultural sobre el cual escribieron. Algunos elementos definitorios son el rechazo a los valores estadounidenses cl\u00E1sicos, el uso de drogas, una gran libertad sexual y el estudio de la filosof\u00EDa oriental. Sus principales obras literarias son Howl de Allen Ginsberg, En el camino de Jack Kerouac y Almuerzo desnudo de William S. Burroughs."@es ,
"Als Beat Generation wird eine Richtung der US-amerikanischen Literatur nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bezeichnet. Hauptvertreter der so genannten Beatniks waren Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs, Jack Kerouac und Gregory Corso."@de ,
"Beat-generasjonen betegner b\u00E5de en gruppe amerikanske forfattere som gjorde seg bemerket p\u00E5 1950- og 1960-tallet, og dem som tilh\u00F8rte kulturen de beskrev og inspirerte, ofte noe nedsettende kalt beatniks, et ord ga assosiasjoner til russisk. De viktigste beat-verkene er Jack Kerouacs roman On the Road, Allen Ginsbergs dikt \u00ABHowl\u00BB og William S. Burroughs' roman Naked Lunch. B\u00E5de \u00ABHowl\u00BB og On the Road anklaget for obsk\u00F8nitet og stilt for retten, med en mer liberal holdning til hva som kunne trykkes i USA som resultat. De som utgjorde den l\u00F8st definerte kulturen ble kjent som bohemer og hedonister som feiret det ikke konforme og spontan kreativitet. Adjektivet beat har b\u00E5de betydningen sl\u00E5tt, utslitt, men i denne sammenheng la man ogs\u00E5 vekt p\u00E5 forbindelsen til upbeat og beatific og ordets musikalske betydning. Beatforfatterne og -poetene viste b\u00E5de en intens, utagerende tilstedev\u00E6relse i sine umiddelbare omgivelser og en s\u00F8ken etter dypere \u00E5ndelig forst\u00E5else (som i stor grad fikk utl\u00F8p i interesse for buddhismen). Spor av beat-kulturen er \u00E5 se i mange senere subkulturer."@no ,
"\u0411\u0438\u0442-\u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Beat Generation, \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435)\u00A0\u2014 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u044B \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043A\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0430 1950-\u0445\u00A0\u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0430 1960-\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044F \u00AB\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438\u00BB. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0438 \u0423\u0438\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043C \u0421. \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0440\u043E\u0443\u0437, \u0414\u0436\u0435\u043A \u041A\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0430\u043A, \u0410\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440 \u0422\u0440\u043E\u043A\u043A\u0438, \u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D \u0425\u043E\u043B\u043C\u0441, \u043F\u043E\u044D\u0442\u044B \u0410\u043B\u043B\u0435\u043D \u0413\u0438\u043D\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433, \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043E\u0440\u0438 \u041A\u043E\u0440\u0441\u043E, \u041A\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0442 \u0420\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0440\u043E\u0442, \u0413\u044D\u0440\u0438 \u0421\u043D\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440, \u041B\u043E\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0441 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0438, \u0410\u043B\u0430\u043D \u0410\u043D\u0441\u0435\u043D. \u0421\u0430\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u044B \u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044B \u0431\u0438\u0442-\u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u00A0\u2014 \u043F\u043E\u044D\u043C\u0430 \u0412\u043E\u043F\u043B\u044C (Howl) \u0410\u043B\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0413\u0438\u043D\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430, \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D \u0412 \u0434\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0435 (On the Road) \u0414\u0436\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u041A\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0430\u043A\u0430, \u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D \u0413\u043E\u043B\u044B\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043A (Naked Lunch) \u0423\u0438\u043B\u044C\u044F\u043C\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0440\u043E\u0443\u0437\u0430. \u0412\u043B\u0438\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442-\u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044E\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438, \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0445, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0445\u0438\u043F\u043F\u0438 \u0438 \u043F\u0430\u043D\u043A\u0438."@ru ,
"La generaci\u00F3 beat va ser un moviment social i literari que va sotragar la societat nord-americana als anys cinquanta. El terme beat prov\u00E9 de \"beaten down\" (derrotat), reflectint la desesperaci\u00F3 d'una societat afectada per la depressi\u00F3 econ\u00F2mica, la Segona Guerra Mundial i l'amena\u00E7a de la bomba at\u00F2mica. Represent\u00E0 una nova manera d'entendre la vida, de rebutjar els conformismes socials, d'obrir la ment i el pensament a noves finestres de percepci\u00F3. En la literatura de la generaci\u00F3 beat destaquen autors com Jack Kerouac, Neal Cassidy, Allen Ginsberg i William S. Burroughs, entre d'altres. El pensament i la forma d'entendre la vida de la generaci\u00F3 beat va ser la precursora del moviment hippie de la d\u00E8cada seg\u00FCent. El terme Beat Generation sorg\u00ED durant una conversa entre Jack Kerouac i John Clellon Holmes el 1948. La intenci\u00F3 de llurs membres no era la d'anomenar-la, sin\u00F3 la de \"desanomenar-la\". A finals del 1952 aparegu\u00E9 al New York Times Magazine un article de John Clellon Holmes titulat \"This is the Beat Generation \" que capt\u00E0 l'atenci\u00F3 del p\u00FAblic. El terme arrib\u00E0 a usar-se de tal manera, que el 1959 Jack Kerouac consider\u00E0 necessari corregir p\u00FAblicament l'ab\u00FAs d'aquesta denominaci\u00F3 en els mitjans de comunicaci\u00F3, ja que l'usaven amb les connotacions de \"totalment ven\u00E7ut\", o fracassat, o en el sentit de \"ritme\". Kerouac intent\u00E0 mostrar el sentit correcte de beat tot suggerint-ne la relaci\u00F3 amb paraules com \"beatitud\" i \"beat\u00EDfic\", connexi\u00F3 que s'explicava perqu\u00E8 els ideals del moviment beat anaven lligats amb la consci\u00E8ncia orientada a la comprensi\u00F3 del pensament oriental, cap a pr\u00E0ctiques de meditaci\u00F3, etc. Aquesta \"redefinici\u00F3\" que Kerouac feia del mot pretenia orientar-lo cap a imatges simb\u00F2liques de l'estil de la derrota o foscor necess\u00E0ries, precedents a l'obertura a la llum i la supressi\u00F3 de l'ego que porten a la il\u00B7luminaci\u00F3 religiosa. Com a reacci\u00F3 i amb la intenci\u00F3 de parodiar i desprestigiar el moviment beat, el 1958 aparegu\u00E9 el mot \"beatnik\", producte de la fusi\u00F3 de les paraules \"beat\" i \"Sputnik\" (el primer sat\u00E8l\u00B7lit que arrib\u00E0 a l'espai aquell any, de fabricaci\u00F3 russa), suggerint una condici\u00F3 antiamericana i comunista del moviment beat. Allen Ginsberg, un dels integrants m\u00E9s famosos, observava en el pr\u00F2leg al llibre \"The Beat Book\", editat per Anne Waldman i Andrew Schelling, un altre possible significat: \"acabat\", \"complet\", en la nit fosca de l'\u00E0nima o en el n\u00FAvol del no saber. Incl\u00FAs \"obert\", en el sentit whitmani\u00E0 de \"obertura a la humiltat\". Per\u00F2, independentement del significat que li donem, Beat Generation passa a designar un moviment literari format per un grup d'amics que des de mitjans dels anys quaranta havien treballat junts escrivint poesia i prosa, i que compartien una idea de cultura i aficions o fonts d'inspiraci\u00F3 similars, com la m\u00FAsica jazz. El grup inicial estava format per Jack Kerouac, Neal Cassady, William S. Burroughs, Herbert Huncke, John Clellon Holmes i Allen Ginsberg. L'any 1948 s'hi afegiren Carl Salomon i Philip Lamantia; el 1950 Gregory Corso; i el 1954 Lawrence Ferlinghetti i Peter Orlovsky. Aquest grup, que acab\u00E0 anomenant-se la Generaci\u00F3 Beat, revitalitz\u00E0 l'escena boh\u00E8mia cultural nord-americana. La seva energia es desbord\u00E0 cap els moviments juvenils d'aquella \u00E8poca (On the Road - A la carretera, 1957- de Kerouac, va assumir car\u00E0cter de manifest universal d'una joventut que volia fugir d'all\u00F2 establert), i fou absorbida per la cultura de masses i per la classe mitjana cap a finals dels anys cinquanta i finals dels seixanta. Entenien l'art com a manifestaci\u00F3 de les textures de la consci\u00E8ncia. Llur cant a l'alliberament espiritual deriv\u00E0 cap un alliberament, particularment l'homosexual, que va fer de catalitzador dels moviments d'alliberament de la dona i dels negres. Seguint una visi\u00F3 tolerant i no-te\u00EDsta, un antifeixisme c\u00F2smic, un eclecticisme... s'interessaren per les subst\u00E0ncies psicod\u00E8liques como a eines de coneixement. Lluitaren contra els valors tradicionalistes i puritans dels Estats Units, contra l'\"American Way of life\", repudiaren impl\u00EDcitament els valors comercials i proposaven reempla\u00E7ar-los pels ideals exposats per Walt Whitman a \"Fulles d'herba\". Els involuntaris membres fundadors del moviment rebutjaren obertament la massificaci\u00F3 i frivolitzaci\u00F3 en la qual havien caigut els beatniks. El cine -especialment- contribu\u00ED a posar de moda una suposada \"est\u00E8tica beat\" falsa, en la qual tots els joves bohemis vestien de negre, portaven boina i barba o barbeta, i passaven el temps en antics caf\u00E8s llegint poesia, fumant i tocant els bongos."@ca ,
"The Beat Generation is a term used to describe a group of American writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, and the cultural phenomena that they wrote about and inspired (later sometimes called \"beatniks\"). Central elements of \"Beat\" culture include a rejection of mainstream American values, experimentation with drugs and alternate forms of sexuality, and an interest in Eastern spirituality. The major works of Beat writing are Allen Ginsberg's Howl, William S. Burroughs's Naked Lunch and Jack Kerouac's On the Road."@en ,
"Beat Generation \u2013 nieformalny awangardowy ruch literacko-kulturowy propaguj\u0105cy idee anarchistycznego indywidualizmu, nonkonformizmu i swobody tw\u00F3rczej, kt\u00F3ry powsta\u0142 w latach 50. XX w. w USA. Nazwa ruchu pochodzi z angielskiego s\u0142owa \"beat\". Jako przymiotnik s\u0142owo to jest zwi\u0105zane ze \"zm\u0119czeniem\" i \"przegraniem\" (np. \"to be beaten\"). Ma jednak tak\u017Ce powi\u0105zania muzyczne, szczeg\u00F3lnie podkre\u015Blone w powie\u015Bci Jacka Kerouaca W drodze. Termin \"upbeat\" oznacza nieakcentowane uderzenie, cz\u0119sto ostatnie w takcie, a w j\u0119zyku potocznym - \"\u017Cywe, szybkie tempo\"; \"on the beat\" z kolei, to \"by\u0107 w rytmie\", \"utrzymywa\u0107 rytm\". Istniej\u0105 interpretacje, jakoby Beat Generation oznacza\u0142o podbite pokolenie czy pokolenie beautitude Zena Snydera. Ruch beatnik\u00F3w istnia\u0142 analogicznie do ruchu egzystencjalist\u00F3w w Europie; da\u0142 r\u00F3wnie\u017C podstawy do powstania w latach 60 rewolucji hippisowskiej. Typowy beatnik to buntownik charakteryzuj\u0105cy si\u0119 niechlujnym ubiorem i wrogo\u015Bci\u0105 wobec konsumpcyjnego spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa, zainteresowany filozofi\u0105, zw\u0142aszcza buddyjsk\u0105, d\u0105\u017C\u0105cy do prawd objawionych poprzez u\u017Cywanie narkotyk\u00F3w i alkoholu. W tradycji przyj\u0119\u0142o si\u0119, \u017Ce trzy sztandarowe dzie\u0142a ruchu Beat Generaton to W drodze Jacka Kerouaca, Skowyt Allena Ginsberga i Nagi lunch Williama S. Burroughsa. Du\u017Cy wp\u0142yw na zdefiniowanie i ukszta\u0142towanie ruchu Beat Generation mia\u0142a ksi\u0105\u017Cka Aldousa Huxleya Drzwi percepcji."@pl ,
"Beat Ku\u015Fa\u011F\u0131 (Beat Generation), 1950'lerde ABD'de ortaya \u00E7\u0131kan bir grup pop\u00FCler k\u00FClt\u00FCr kar\u015F\u0131t\u0131 yazar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00E7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 1950'li y\u0131llarda konformist bir hayat\u0131 y\u00FCcelten ABD toplumunun de\u011Ferlerine kar\u015F\u0131 olan bu yazarlar\u0131n en \u00F6nemlilerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Jack Kerouac ayn\u0131 zamanda \"Beat Ku\u015Fa\u011F\u0131\" terimini de \u00F6neren ilk isimdir. Jack Kerouac'\u0131n Yolda (On the Road, 1957) ve Zen Ka\u00E7\u0131klar\u0131 (dharma bums), Allen Ginsberg'in Uluma (Howl, 1956) ve William S. Burroughs'un \u00C7\u0131plak \u015E\u00F6len (Naked Lunch, 1959) adl\u0131 eserleri bu ak\u0131m\u0131n ilk ve \u00F6nemli yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndand\u0131r."@tr ,
"La Beat Generation est un mouvement litt\u00E9raire et artistique n\u00E9e dans les ann\u00E9es 1950, aux \u00C9tats-Unis. Le terme de \u00AB Beat Generation \u00BB fut employ\u00E9 pour la premi\u00E8re fois en 1948 par Jack Kerouac pour d\u00E9crire son cercle d'amis au romancier John Clellon Holmes (qui publiera plus tard le premier roman sur la Beat generation, intitul\u00E9 Go). John Clellon Holmes d\u00E9finit le mouvement dans un article faisant office de manifeste esth\u00E9tique, publi\u00E9 dans le New York Times en novembre 1952 : \u00AB This is the Beat generation \u00BB. William Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg et Jack Kerouac sont les pr\u00E9curseurs du mode de vie de la jeunesse des ann\u00E9es 1960, celle de la Beat Generation, \u00AB qui a \u00E9branl\u00E9 la soci\u00E9t\u00E9 am\u00E9ricaine dans ses certitudes. Elle a directement inspir\u00E9 aussi bien les mouvements de mai 1968 que l\u2019opposition \u00E0 la guerre du Vietnam, ou les hippies de Berkeley et Woodstock. Pourtant la Beat Generation a aussi contribu\u00E9 \u00E0 enrichir le mythe am\u00E9ricain. Sur la route, le roman le plus connu de Kerouac, est une ode aux grands espaces, \u00E0 l\u2019\u00E9pop\u00E9e vers l\u2019ouest, \u00E0 la d\u00E9couverte de mondes nouveaux. \u00BB."@fr ,
"Beat-sukupolvi oli 1950- ja 60-luvulla vaikuttanut beatnik-kirjailijoiden, -runoilijoiden ja muiden taiteilijoiden liike. Termi\u00E4 beat k\u00E4ytti ensimm\u00E4isen kerran Jack Kerouac suurin piirtein vuonna 1948 kuvatakseen yst\u00E4vi\u00E4\u00E4n novellisti John Clellon Holmesille. Holmes puolestaan kirjoitti ensimm\u00E4isen beat-novellin Go vuonna 1952 New York Times -lehdess\u00E4 julkaistun manifestin (\"We are the beat generation\") seuraksi. Adjektiivilla beat tarkoitettiin \"v\u00E4synytt\u00E4\" ja \"kelkasta pudonnutta\". T\u00E4m\u00E4n suhteellisen pienen kirjailijoista, taiteilijoista, kadun asukkaista ja huumeaddikteista koostuvan joukon kutsuminen \"sukupolveksi\" pyrki luomaan kuvaa jostakin ajanhengelle t\u00E4rke\u00E4st\u00E4 ja edustavasta - aivan kuten Gertrude Stein teki puhuessaan kadonneesta sukupolvestaan. Beat-sukupolveen lukeutuvat ihmiset olivat uusia boheemeja, spontaanin luovuuden puolestapuhujia. Beat-sukupolvi muodostaa keskeisen vaiheen amerikkalaisen kirjallisuuden l\u00E4hihistoriassa. Sen edustajat vaikuttivat erityisesti New Yorkissa ja San Franciscossa. San Franciscossa toimii edelleen Lawrence Ferlinghettin vuonna 1953 perustama City Lights Bookstore-kirjakauppa, jolla oli ja on yh\u00E4 edelleen t\u00E4rke\u00E4 asema Beat-kirjallisuuden julkaisijana."@fi ;
rdfs:comment "Beat-sukupolvi oli 1950- ja 60-luvulla vaikuttanut beatnik-kirjailijoiden, -runoilijoiden ja muiden taiteilijoiden liike. Termi\u00E4 beat k\u00E4ytti ensimm\u00E4isen kerran Jack Kerouac suurin piirtein vuonna 1948 kuvatakseen yst\u00E4vi\u00E4\u00E4n novellisti John Clellon Holmesille. Holmes puolestaan kirjoitti ensimm\u00E4isen beat-novellin Go vuonna 1952 New York Times -lehdess\u00E4 julkaistun manifestin (\"We are the beat generation\") seuraksi. Adjektiivilla beat tarkoitettiin \"v\u00E4synytt\u00E4\" ja \"kelkasta pudonnutta\"."@fi ,
"\u30D3\u30FC\u30C8\u30FB\u30B8\u30A7\u30CD\u30EC\u30FC\u30B7\u30E7\u30F3\uFF08Beat Generation\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u30011955\u5E74\u304B\u30891964\u5E74\u9803\u306B\u304B\u3051\u3066\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u306E\u6587\u5B66\u754C\u3067\u7570\u5F69\u3092\u653E\u3063\u305F\u30B0\u30EB\u30FC\u30D7\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u305D\u306E\u6D3B\u52D5\u306E\u7DCF\u79F0\u3002\u30D3\u30FC\u30C8\u30CB\u30AF\uFF08Beatnik\uFF09\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u4E8B\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u751F\u5E74\u3067\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u6982\u306D1914\u5E74\u304B\u30891929\u5E74\u307E\u3067\u306B\u751F\u307E\u308C\u305F\u4E16\u4EE3\u306B\u76F8\u5F53\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja ,
"Beat generation [b\u00EDt d\u017Eenerej\u0161n], \u010Desky t\u00E9\u017E beatnici [b\u00EDtnici] a beatov\u00E1 [b\u00EDtov\u00E1] generace, \u0159id\u010Deji t\u00E9\u017E zbit\u00E1 \u010Di bla\u017Een\u00E1 generace, bylo um\u011Bleck\u00E9 a liter\u00E1rn\u00ED hnut\u00ED v USA. Toto hnut\u00ED vzniklo ve druh\u00E9 polovin\u011B 50. let a tento sm\u011Br se t\u00FDk\u00E1 v\u00EDce m\u00E9n\u011B pouze USA. Beatnici se vyzna\u010Dovali nonkonformn\u00EDm zp\u016Fsobem \u017Eivota, stav\u011Bli se do konfrontace s tradi\u010Dn\u00EDm zp\u016Fsobem \u017Eivota a s tradi\u010Dn\u00ED literaturou."@cs ,
"La Beat Generation est un mouvement litt\u00E9raire et artistique n\u00E9e dans les ann\u00E9es 1950, aux \u00C9tats-Unis. Le terme de \u00AB Beat Generation \u00BB fut employ\u00E9 pour la premi\u00E8re fois en 1948 par Jack Kerouac pour d\u00E9crire son cercle d'amis au romancier John Clellon Holmes (qui publiera plus tard le premier roman sur la Beat generation, intitul\u00E9 Go)."@fr ,
"Beat Generation \u2013 nieformalny awangardowy ruch literacko-kulturowy propaguj\u0105cy idee anarchistycznego indywidualizmu, nonkonformizmu i swobody tw\u00F3rczej, kt\u00F3ry powsta\u0142 w latach 50. XX w. w USA. Nazwa ruchu pochodzi z angielskiego s\u0142owa \"beat\". Jako przymiotnik s\u0142owo to jest zwi\u0105zane ze \"zm\u0119czeniem\" i \"przegraniem\" (np. \"to be beaten\"). Ma jednak tak\u017Ce powi\u0105zania muzyczne, szczeg\u00F3lnie podkre\u015Blone w powie\u015Bci Jacka Kerouaca W drodze."@pl ,
"El t\u00E9rmino Generaci\u00F3n Beat se refiere a un grupo de escritores estadounidenses de la d\u00E9cada de los cincuenta, as\u00ED como al fen\u00F3meno cultural sobre el cual escribieron. Algunos elementos definitorios son el rechazo a los valores estadounidenses cl\u00E1sicos, el uso de drogas, una gran libertad sexual y el estudio de la filosof\u00EDa oriental. Sus principales obras literarias son Howl de Allen Ginsberg, En el camino de Jack Kerouac y Almuerzo desnudo de William S. Burroughs."@es ,
""@zh ,
"Beat Generation eller beatnikr\u00F6relsen var en amerikansk social och litter\u00E4r r\u00F6relse som b\u00F6rjade p\u00E5 1950-talet i artistmilj\u00F6erna i San Francisco och Greenwich Village i New York. Begreppet Beat Generation introducerades av Jack Kerouac omkring 1948 f\u00F6r att beskriva sin umg\u00E4ngeskrets f\u00F6r f\u00F6rfattaren John Clellon Holmes . Det engelska adjektivet \"beat\" hade betydelsen \"tr\u00F6tt\" eller \"utslagen\", men Kerouac tillade de n\u00E5got paradoxala uttrycken \"upbeat\" och \"beatific\"."@sv ,
"Beat-generasjonen betegner b\u00E5de en gruppe amerikanske forfattere som gjorde seg bemerket p\u00E5 1950- og 1960-tallet, og dem som tilh\u00F8rte kulturen de beskrev og inspirerte, ofte noe nedsettende kalt beatniks, et ord ga assosiasjoner til russisk. De viktigste beat-verkene er Jack Kerouacs roman On the Road, Allen Ginsbergs dikt \u00ABHowl\u00BB og William S. Burroughs' roman Naked Lunch."@no ,
"La generaci\u00F3 beat va ser un moviment social i literari que va sotragar la societat nord-americana als anys cinquanta. El terme beat prov\u00E9 de \"beaten down\" (derrotat), reflectint la desesperaci\u00F3 d'una societat afectada per la depressi\u00F3 econ\u00F2mica, la Segona Guerra Mundial i l'amena\u00E7a de la bomba at\u00F2mica. Represent\u00E0 una nova manera d'entendre la vida, de rebutjar els conformismes socials, d'obrir la ment i el pensament a noves finestres de percepci\u00F3."@ca ,
"Beat Ku\u015Fa\u011F\u0131 (Beat Generation), 1950'lerde ABD'de ortaya \u00E7\u0131kan bir grup pop\u00FCler k\u00FClt\u00FCr kar\u015F\u0131t\u0131 yazar\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00E7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 1950'li y\u0131llarda konformist bir hayat\u0131 y\u00FCcelten ABD toplumunun de\u011Ferlerine kar\u015F\u0131 olan bu yazarlar\u0131n en \u00F6nemlilerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Jack Kerouac ayn\u0131 zamanda \"Beat Ku\u015Fa\u011F\u0131\" terimini de \u00F6neren ilk isimdir."@tr ,
"Gera\u00E7\u00E3o Beat (Beat generation em ingl\u00EAs) \u00E9 um termo usado tanto para descrever um grupo de escritores americanos, que vieram a se tornar conhecidos no final da d\u00E9cada de 1950 e no come\u00E7o da d\u00E9cada de 1960, quanto ao fen\u00F4meno cultural que eles inspiraram (posteriormente chamados beatniks, nome este de origem controversa, considerado por muitos um termo pejorativo). Estes escritores, reunidos a outros artistas, levavam vida n\u00F4made ou fundavam comunidades."@pt ,
"De term Beat Generation refereert aan een klein aantal invloedrijke schrijvers uit de vijftiger en zestiger jaren van de 20e eeuw en met name Jack Kerouac, die de term bedacht, Allen Ginsberg en William S. Burroughs vormden de harde kern. Zij ontmoetten elkaar in Manhattan in 1940, en brachten hun tijd door in het appartement van Burroughs dat al snel een ontmoetingsplaats werd voor ambitieuze jonge schrijvers."@nl ,
"Als Beat Generation wird eine Richtung der US-amerikanischen Literatur nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bezeichnet. Hauptvertreter der so genannten Beatniks waren Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs, Jack Kerouac und Gregory Corso."@de ,
"The Beat Generation is a term used to describe a group of American writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, and the cultural phenomena that they wrote about and inspired (later sometimes called \"beatniks\"). Central elements of \"Beat\" culture include a rejection of mainstream American values, experimentation with drugs and alternate forms of sexuality, and an interest in Eastern spirituality. The major works of Beat writing are Allen Ginsberg's Howl, William S."@en ,
"\u0411\u0438\u0442-\u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B."@ru ,
"La Beat generation fu un movimento artistico, poetico e letterario sviluppatosi dal secondo dopoguerra (1947 circa) a fine anni Cinquanta, negli Stati Uniti. Tra gli autori di riferimento: Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs, Gregory Corso, Neal Cassady, Gary Snyder, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Norman Mailer."@it .
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