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dbpedia:Alan_Turing dbpedia-owl:knownFor dbpedia:Automatic_Computing_Engine .
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dbpedia:Alan_Turing ns2:knownFor dbpedia:Automatic_Computing_Engine .
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dbpedia:Alan_Turing dbpprop:knownFor dbpedia:Automatic_Computing_Engine .
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dbpedia:Automatic_Computing_Engine rdf:type ns5:One-of-a-kindComputers ,
ns5:EarlyComputers .
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dbpedia:Automatic_Computing_Engine owl:sameAs ns7:Automatic_Computing_Engine .
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dbpedia:Automatic_Computing_Engine rdfs:label "ACE (\u7535\u5B50\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A)"@zh ,
"Automatic Computing Engine"@en ,
"ACE (\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30BF)"@ja ,
"Automatic Computing Engine"@it ,
"ACE"@ru ;
dbpprop:abstract "The Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was an early electronic stored-program computer design produced by Alan Turing at the invitation of John Womersley, superintendent of the Mathematics Division of the National Physical Laboratory. The use of the word Engine was in homage to Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. Turing's technical design Proposed Electronic Calculator was the product of his theoretical work in 1936 \"On Computable Numbers\" and his wartime experience at Bletchley Park where the Colossus computers had been successful in breaking German military codes. In his 1936 paper, Turing described his idea as a \"universal computing machine\", but it is now known as the Universal Turing machine. On 19 February, 1946 Turing presented a detailed paper to the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) Executive Committee, giving the first reasonably complete design of a stored-program computer. However, because of the strict and long-lasting secrecy around the Bletchley Park work, he was prohibited (because of the Official Secrets Act) from explaining that he knew that his ideas could be implemented in an electronic device. The better-known EDVAC design presented in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, by John von Neumann, who knew of Turing's theoretical work, received much publicity, despite its incomplete nature and questionable lack of attribution of the sources of some of the ideas. Turing's report on the ACE was written in late 1945 and included detailed logical circuit diagrams and a cost estimate of \u20A411,200. He felt that speed and size of memory were crucial and he proposed a high-speed memory of what would today be called 25 KiB, accessed at a speed of 1 MHz. The ACE implemented subroutine calls, whereas the EDVAC did not, and what also set the ACE apart from the EDVAC was the use of Abbreviated Computer Instructions, an early form of programming language. Initially, it was planned that Tommy Flowers, the engineer at the Post Office Research Station at Dollis Hill in north London, who had been responsible for building the Colossus computers should build the ACE, but because of the secrecy around his wartime achievements and the pressure of post-war work, this was not possible. Turing's colleagues at the NPL, not knowing about Colossus, thought that the engineering work to build a complete ACE was too ambitious, so the first version of the ACE that was built was the Pilot Model ACE, a smaller version of Turing's original design. The Pilot ACE had 1450 thermionic valves (vacuum tubes), and used mercury delay lines for its main memory. Each of the 12 delay lines could store 32 instructions or data words of 32 bits. This ran its first program on May 10, 1950, at which time it was the fastest computer in the world with a clock speed of 1MHz. A second implementation of the ACE design was the MOSAIC (Ministry of Supply Automatic Integrator and Computer). This was built by Allen Coombs and William Chandler of Dollis Hill who had worked with Tommy Flowers on building the ten Colossus computers. It was installed at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) which soon became the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE) at Malvern and ran its first program in late 1952 or early 1953. It was used to calculate aircraft trajectories from radar data, but details of it are still secret. The principles of the ACE design were used in the Bendix Corporation's G-15 computer. The engineering design was done by Harry Huskey who had spent 1947 in the ACE section at the NPL. He later contributed to the hardware designs for the EDVAC. The first G-15 ran in 1954 and, as a relatively small single user machine, some consider it to be the first personal computer. The first production versions of the Pilot ACE, the English Electric DEUCE, of which 31 were sold, were delivered in the spring of 1955."@en ,
"L'Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) fu il primo computer elettronico sviluppato nel Regno Unito, fu progettato da Alan Turing nel 1946. Il 19 febbraio 1946 Turing present\u00F2 un documento al comitato esecutivo del National Physical Laboratory (NPL) dove delineava il primo progetto di un computer con programma caricabile. A differenza della maggior parte dei primi computer come l'EDVAC di John von Neumann il progetto di Turing era un progetto indipendente slegato da ogni organizzazione militare. Turing nel 1936 aveva pubblicato il progetto di una macchina universale, un'astrazione teorica di ogni computer, che \u00E8 nota come macchina di Turing universale. Nel 1945 l'Universit\u00E0 della Pennsylvania costru\u00EC il computer ENIAC, un progetto sviluppato da John Mauchley e J. Prosper Eckert. Il programma dell'ENIAC comunque era cablato nell'hardware e quindi non poteva essere modificato senza alterare la macchina. L'EDVAC a differenza dell'ENIAC poteva caricare un programma esternamente ma John von Neumann dichiar\u00F2 di non aver letto il lavoro di Turing sulla macchina universale, in questo lavoro Turing parlava di un nastro perforato che veniva utilizzato per inserire il programma nel calcolatore. Il sistema ACE aveva parole di 48 bit, utilizzava come memoria delle linee di ritardo e conteneva circa 7000 valvole termoioniche, poche rispetto alle 17486 utilizzate dall'ENIAC. L'ENIAC utilizzava anche 70000 resistenze, 10000 capacit\u00E0 e aveva 5 milioni di giunzioni saldate quindi era molto pi\u00F9 grande e molto soggetto a guasti. Il documento di Turing sull'ACE includeva diagrammi dettagliati sui circuiti logici e stimava il costo in 11200 sterline. L'ACE gestiva anche le subroutine a differenza dell'EDVAC, inoltre L'ACE gestiva un primitivo linguaggio di programmazione chiamato Abbreviated Computer Instructions. Per via di difficolt\u00E0 tecniche la prima versione dell'ACE costruita fu il Pilot ACE, una versione ridotta del progetto ACE. La versione completa dell'ACE venne costruita verso al fine del 1950 e oper\u00F2 fino alla fine del 1957 quando divenuto troppo obsoleto venne dismesso."@it ,
"\u81EA\u52A8\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\uFF08ACE\uFF0CAutomatic Computing Engine\uFF09\u8BBE\u8BA1\u4E3A\u4E00\u53F0\u65E9\u671F\u7684\u5B58\u50A8\u7A0B\u5E8F\u5F0F\u7535\u5B50\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u3002 \u540D\u79F0\u4E2D\u4F7F\u7528\u201CEngine\u201D\u4E00\u8BCD\u662F\u4E3A\u4E86\u5411\u67E5\u5C14\u65AF\u00B7\u5DF4\u8D1D\u5947\u7684\u5DEE\u5206\u673A\uFF08Difference Engine\uFF09\u548C\u5206\u6790\u673A\uFF08Analytical Engine\uFF09\u81F4\u656C\u3002\u5B83\u662F\u827E\u4F26\u00B7\u56FE\u7075\u5E94\u82F1\u56FD\u56FD\u5BB6\u7269\u7406\u5B9E\u9A8C\u5BA4\uFF08NPL\uFF09\u6570\u5B66\u90E8\u7684\u76D1\u7763\u4EBA\u7EA6\u7FF0\u00B7\u6C83\u9ED8\u65AF\u5229\uFF08John Womersley\uFF09\u7684\u9080\u8BF7\u800C\u8BBE\u8BA1\u7684\u3002"@zh ,
"ACE\uFF08\u30A8\u30FC\u30B9\u3001Automatic Computing Engine\uFF09\u306F\u30011946\u5E74\u306B\u30A2\u30E9\u30F3\u30FB\u30C1\u30E5\u30FC\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u304C\u8A2D\u8A08\u3057\u305F\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u306E\u521D\u671F\u306E\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30BF\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 1946\u5E742\u670819\u65E5\u3001\u30C1\u30E5\u30FC\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u306F\u56FD\u7ACB\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u7814\u7A76\u6240(NPL)\u904B\u55B6\u59D4\u54E1\u4F1A\u306B\u4E16\u754C\u521D\u306E\u30D7\u30ED\u30B0\u30E9\u30E0\u5185\u8535\u5F0F\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30BF\u306E\u5B8C\u5168\u306A\u8A2D\u8A08\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u8AD6\u6587\u3092\u63D0\u51FA\u3057\u305F\u3002\u4ED6\u306E\u540C\u6642\u671F\u306E\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30BF\u3068\u7570\u306A\u308A ACE\u306F\u30C1\u30E5\u30FC\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u304C\u5358\u72EC\u3067\u8A2D\u8A08\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3001EDVAC\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u30B8\u30E7\u30F3\u30FB\u30D5\u30A9\u30F3\u30FB\u30CE\u30A4\u30DE\u30F3\u306E\u8349\u7A3F\u306E\u5F71\u97FF\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u306A\u3044\u3002\u305F\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308C\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3066\u5168\u304F\u9006\u306E\u89E3\u91C8\u3092\u3068\u308B\u8005\u3082\u3044\u308B\u3002 \u30C1\u30E5\u30FC\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u306F\u4E07\u80FD\u30C1\u30E5\u30FC\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u30DE\u30B7\u30F3\u3092\u5B9F\u73FE\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76EE\u6307\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u3046\u3048\u3067\u4EBA\u5DE5\u77E5\u80FD\u3092\u69CB\u7BC9\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76EE\u6A19\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002NPL\u306E\u6570\u5B66\u90E8\u9580\u306B\u306F\u30B3\u30F3\u30D4\u30E5\u30FC\u30BF\u3092\u5B9F\u969B\u306B\u88FD\u4F5C\u3059\u308B\u80FD\u529B\u304C\u306A\u304B\u3063\u305F\u305F\u3081\u3001\u901A\u4FE1\u7814\u7A76\u6240(TRE)\u306B\u88FD\u4F5C\u3092\u4F9D\u983C\u3057\u305F\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u3001TRE\u306F\u6226\u5F8C\u306E\u96FB\u8A71\u7DB2\u306E\u5FA9\u8208\u306B\u5FD9\u3057\u304F\u3001\u4E16\u8AD6\u3082ACE\u958B\u767A\u306B\u306F\u6279\u5224\u7684\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002\u3053\u306E\u305F\u3081\u30C1\u30E5\u30FC\u30EA\u30F3\u30B0\u306F1947\u5E74\u306BNPL\u3092\u53BB\u3063\u305F\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u3001ACE\u306F\u56FD\u5BB6\u30D7\u30ED\u30B8\u30A7\u30AF\u30C8\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u305F\u3081\u4E2D\u6B62\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304D\u305A\u3001\u30B8\u30A7\u30FC\u30E0\u30BA\u30FBH\u30FB\u30A6\u30A3\u30EB\u30AD\u30F3\u30BD\u30F3\u304C\u30D7\u30ED\u30B8\u30A7\u30AF\u30C8\u3092\u5F15\u304D\u7D99\u304E\u3001\u30CF\u30EA\u30FC\u30FB\u30CF\u30B9\u30AD\u30FC\u304C\u3053\u308C\u3092\u88DC\u4F50\u3057\u305F\u30021950\u5E74\u306B\u306F\u30D7\u30ED\u30C8\u30BF\u30A4\u30D7\u306E Pilot ACE \u304C\u5B8C\u6210\u3057\u30011957\u5E74\u306B\u306F\u3088\u3046\u3084\u304F ACE \u304C\u5B8C\u6210\u3059\u308B\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u3001\u5B8C\u6210\u3057\u305F\u3068\u304D\u306B\u306FACE\u306F\u3059\u3067\u306B\u6642\u4EE3\u9045\u308C\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u3002"@ja ,
"ACE (\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0440. \u043E\u0442 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Automatic Computing Engine, \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0432\u044B\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0430) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u044C\u044E\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u044B\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435\u043D \u043F\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443 \u0410\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0422\u044C\u044E\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0430 \u0432 1946 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443. 19 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044F 1946 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0422\u044C\u044E\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0433 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B \u0418\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u041D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u044C\u044E\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0439 \u0432 \u043F\u0430\u043C\u044F\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u043E\u0439. \u0412 \u043E\u0442\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0442 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u043E\u043D \u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043C \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0436 \u043D\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u044C\u044E\u0442\u0435\u0440 EDVAC. \u042D\u0442\u043E \u0431\u044B\u043B \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0441 EDVAC. ACE \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B 48-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0430\u043C\u044F\u0442\u0438. \u041E\u043D \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u043C\u044F\u0442\u0438 \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043A\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043B \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E 7000 \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0443\u043C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043B\u0430\u043C\u043F. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0435 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u044B\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u043E \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E 448 \u043C\u0438\u043A\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043D\u0434. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u043C \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043C ACE \u0431\u044B\u043B Pilot ACE, \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044F \u0443\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430 \u0422\u044C\u044E\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0430. \u041F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0442 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0441\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0436\u0435, \u0432 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435 1950-\u0445 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0434\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0430 1957 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430, \u043D\u043E \u043A \u0442\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043B \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043B\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043A\u0438 \u0432 \u043A\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u043C\u044F\u0442\u0438."@ru ;
rdfs:comment ""@ja ,
"The Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was an early electronic stored-program computer design produced by Alan Turing at the invitation of John Womersley, superintendent of the Mathematics Division of the National Physical Laboratory. The use of the word Engine was in homage to Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine."@en ,
"\u81EA\u52A8\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\uFF08ACE\uFF0CAutomatic Computing Engine\uFF09\u8BBE\u8BA1\u4E3A\u4E00\u53F0\u65E9\u671F\u7684\u5B58\u50A8\u7A0B\u5E8F\u5F0F\u7535\u5B50\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u3002 \u540D\u79F0\u4E2D\u4F7F\u7528\u201CEngine\u201D\u4E00\u8BCD\u662F\u4E3A\u4E86\u5411\u67E5\u5C14\u65AF\u00B7\u5DF4\u8D1D\u5947\u7684\u5DEE\u5206\u673A\uFF08Difference Engine\uFF09\u548C\u5206\u6790\u673A\uFF08Analytical Engine\uFF09\u81F4\u656C\u3002\u5B83\u662F\u827E\u4F26\u00B7\u56FE\u7075\u5E94\u82F1\u56FD\u56FD\u5BB6\u7269\u7406\u5B9E\u9A8C\u5BA4\uFF08NPL\uFF09\u6570\u5B66\u90E8\u7684\u76D1\u7763\u4EBA\u7EA6\u7FF0\u00B7\u6C83\u9ED8\u65AF\u5229\uFF08John Womersley\uFF09\u7684\u9080\u8BF7\u800C\u8BBE\u8BA1\u7684\u3002"@zh ,
"L'Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) fu il primo computer elettronico sviluppato nel Regno Unito, fu progettato da Alan Turing nel 1946. Il 19 febbraio 1946 Turing present\u00F2 un documento al comitato esecutivo del National Physical Laboratory (NPL) dove delineava il primo progetto di un computer con programma caricabile. A differenza della maggior parte dei primi computer come l'EDVAC di John von Neumann il progetto di Turing era un progetto indipendente slegato da ogni organizzazione militare."@it ,
"ACE (\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0440. \u043E\u0442 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Automatic Computing Engine, \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0432\u044B\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043D\u0430) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u044C\u044E\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u044B\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435\u043D \u043F\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443 \u0410\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0422\u044C\u044E\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0433\u0430 \u0432 1946 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443."@ru .
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