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dbpedia:Architecture rdfs:label "\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430"@ru ,
"Architecture"@fr ,
"Arkkitehtuuri"@fi ,
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"Architektura"@cs ,
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"\u00C9p\u00EDt\u00E9szet"@hu ,
"Arquitectura"@ca ,
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dbpprop:abstract "Architectuur is de kunst en wetenschap van het ontwerpen van de gebouwde omgeving; inclusief steden, gebouwen, interieurs, landschappen, meubelen, objecten enzovoort. Volgens het vroegste overgeleverde werk over het onderwerp, \"Over architectuur\" van Vitruvius, steunt de architectuur op drie principes: schoonheid (venustas), stevigheid (firmitas) en bruikbaarheid (utilitas). Architectuur kan worden omschreven als de balans tussen deze drie elementen, waarbij niet een de anderen overheerst. Vroeger werd het woord bouwkunst meer gebruikt, dat nu voornamelijk nog voor de esthetische kant van het bouwen wordt gebruikt, terwijl bouwkunde met name voor de technische kant wordt gebruikt. Een beoefenaar van de architectuur heet een architect."@nl ,
"Desta forma, e segundo este ponto de vista, uma constru\u00E7\u00E3o passa a ser chamada de arquitetura quando, al\u00E9m de ser firme e bem estruturada (firmitas), possuir uma fun\u00E7\u00E3o (utilitas), respeitar as ordem cl\u00E1ssicas (decorum) e for, principalmente, bela (venustas). H\u00E1 que se notar que Vitr\u00FAvio contextualizava o conceito de beleza segundo os conceitos cl\u00E1ssicos. Portanto, a venustas foi, ao longo da hist\u00F3ria, um dos elementos mais pol\u00E9micos das v\u00E1rias defini\u00E7\u00F5es da arquitetura."@pt ,
"Architektura (gr. \u1F00\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE - architektonike) - nauka i sztuka projektowania, konstruowania i wykonywania budynk\u00F3w oraz innych budowli przestrzennych. Architektura zajmuje si\u0119 r\u00F3wnie\u017C organizowaniem przestrzeni u\u017Cywanej przez cz\u0142owieka. Osoba posiadaj\u0105ca wykszta\u0142cenie w dziedzinie architektury oraz uprawnienia do wykonywania projekt\u00F3w budynk\u00F3w nosi tytu\u0142 architekta. Szersza definicja architektury obejmuje projektowane we wszelkich skalach. Sposobem rozplanowania miast i osiedli ludzkich oraz w\u0142\u0105czeniem ich w istniej\u0105cy uk\u0142ad przyrody i infrastruktur\u0119 zajmuje si\u0119 urbanistyka, ruralistyka, architektura krajobrazu oraz planowanie przestrzenne. Projektowaniem element\u00F3w budynku i jego wyposa\u017Cenia w ma\u0142ej skali zajmuje si\u0119 architektura zieleni, meblarstwo, projektowanie przedmiotu, projektowanie wn\u0119trz oraz pokrewna mu scenografia. Nauk\u0105 zajmuj\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 projektowaniem konstrukcyjnych element\u00F3w budynku, ich wielko\u015Bci i wzajemnego usytuowania jest in\u017Cynieria l\u0105dowa."@pl ,
"L'arquitectura \u00E9s l'art de projectar o construir edificis i d'altres estructures f\u00EDsiques. Una definici\u00F3 m\u00E9s ampla tamb\u00E9 inclouria el disseny de tot l'ambient o entorn constru\u00EFt: des de l'urbanisme, passant pel disseny urb\u00E0, fins el disseny de mobles. \u00C9s una de les sis belles arts. Determinats edificis o altres construccions s\u00F3n percebuts com a s\u00EDmbols culturals i pol\u00EDtics i en algunes ocasions com a obres d'art, ja que poden ser considerats prim\u00E0riament en funci\u00F3 de la seva forma o estructura sensible o de la seva est\u00E8tica. El disseny arquitect\u00F2nic \u00E9s impulsat principalment per la manipulaci\u00F3 creativa de la massa, l'espai, el volum, la textura, la llum, els materials, els pl\u00E0nols, i els elements pragm\u00E0tics, com ara els costos, la construcci\u00F3 i la tecnologia, per tal d'assolir un fi que \u00E9s est\u00E8tic, funcional i, sovint, art\u00EDstic. Aix\u00F2 distingeix l'arquitectura de l'enginyeria, la qual s'impulsa principalment per la manipulaci\u00F3 creativa dels materials i les formes, en rec\u00F3rrer als principis cient\u00EDfics i matem\u00E0tics. Diverses civilitzacions hist\u00F2riques sovint s\u00F3n conegudes principalment a trav\u00E9s dels seus assoliments arquitect\u00F2nics, aix\u00ED com \u00E9s el cas de diverses ciutats, regions i cultures. Alguns edificis, com ara les pir\u00E0mides d'Egipte i el Colosseu rom\u00E0 s\u00F3n s\u00EDmbols culturals, i constitueixen una important baula de la consci\u00E8ncia p\u00FAblica."@ca ,
"Arkkitehtuuri eli rakennustaide on taiteen muoto, jossa suunnitellaan rakennuksia sek\u00E4 niihin liittyvi\u00E4 laajempia kokonaisuuksia esteettisest\u00E4 n\u00E4k\u00F6kulmasta. Pienimuotoisimmillaan arkkitehtuuri voi olla ovenkahvan yksityiskohdan muotoilemista; toisaalta se voi k\u00E4sitt\u00E4\u00E4 my\u00F6s kokonaisen maiseman tai kaupungin suunnittelun. Toisin kuin useimmat taiteenlajit, arkkitehtuuri on vahvasti kytk\u00F6ksiss\u00E4 k\u00E4yt\u00E4nn\u00F6llisyyteen, joka yhdistyy visuaalisuuden kanssa toimivan ratkaisun aikaansaamiseksi. Arkkitehtuuri on aina ilment\u00E4nyt aikakautensa tyyli-ihanteita. Lis\u00E4ksi kulloinkin suosiossa tai parhaiten saatavilla olleet materiaalit ovat ohjanneet sen muotokielt\u00E4. Vastaavasti arkkitehtuuri on luonut tietynlaisen ilmeen infrastruktuuriin. Arkkitehtuurin fysikaalinen perusta on statiikassa eli siin\u00E4, miten eri elementit voivat tukea ja kannatella toisiaan eri voimien kohteina."@fi ,
"Arkitektur er byggekunst, bruks- og stedskunst. Ordet er avledet av det latinske ordet for arkitekt, architectus, som er l\u00E5nt fra det greske ordet arkhitekton, sammensatt av arkhi- (hoved- eller sjef-) og tekton (h\u00E5ndverker, bygger). Grunnbetydningen er alts\u00E5 en byggmester. Som oftest blir arkitektur plassert mellom teknikk og humaniora og knyttet til ulike byggeoppgaver. Den kunstneriske delen av arkitekturfaget finner vi i begrepet byggekunst og kommer til uttrykk i lov om \u00E5ndsverk, som gir arkitekturen status som \u00E5ndsverk med opphavsrett for skaperen av verket. Arkitektur er blitt kalt moderkunsten, den sto for helheten, og den samlet liv og sted p\u00E5 en slik m\u00E5te at menneskene ble sikret tilh\u00F8righet og omgivelsene bestandighet. Den tidligste kjente definisjon av arkitekturens oppgaver skriver seg fra antikken. Vitruvius skrev i det 1. \u00E5rhundre av v\u00E5r tidsregning verket Ti b\u00F8ker om arkitektur, De architectura, og inkluderte b\u00E5de byplanlegging og planlegging av festninger."@no ,
"\u5EFA\u7B51\u5B66\uFF0C\u4ECE\u5E7F\u4E49\u4E0A\u6765\u8BF4\uFF0C\u662F\u7814\u7A76\u5EFA\u7B51\u53CA\u5176\u73AF\u5883\u7684\u5B66\u79D1\u3002 \u5728\u901A\u5E38\u60C5\u51B5\u4E0B\uFF0C\u4EE5\u53CA\u6309\u5176\u4F5C\u4E3A\u5916\u6765\u8BED\u6240\u5BF9\u5E94\u7684\u8BCD\u8BED\uFF08\u7531\u6B27\u6D32\u81F3\u65E5\u672C\u518D\u81F3\u4E2D\u56FD\uFF09\u7684\u672C\u4E49\uFF0C\u5B83\u66F4\u591A\u7684\u662F\u6307\u4E0E\u5EFA\u7B51\u8BBE\u8BA1\u548C\u5EFA\u9020\u76F8\u5173\u7684\u827A\u672F\u548C\u6280\u672F\u7684\u7EFC\u5408\u3002\u56E0\u6B64\uFF0C\u5EFA\u7B51\u5B66\u662F\u4E00\u95E8\u6A2A\u8DE8\u5DE5\u7A0B\u6280\u672F\u548C\u4EBA\u6587\u827A\u672F\u7684\u5B66\u79D1\u3002 \u5EFA\u7B51\u5B66\u6240\u6D89\u53CA\u7684\u5EFA\u7B51\u827A\u672F\u548C\u5EFA\u7B51\u6280\u672F\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u4F5C\u4E3A\u5B9E\u7528\u827A\u672F\u7684\u5EFA\u7B51\u827A\u672F\u6240\u5305\u62EC\u7684\u7F8E\u5B66\u7684\u4E00\u9762\u548C\u5B9E\u7528\u7684\u4E00\u9762\uFF0C\u5B83\u4EEC\u867D\u6709\u660E\u786E\u7684\u4E0D\u540C\u4F46\u53C8\u5BC6\u5207\u8054\u7CFB\uFF0C\u5E76\u4E14\u5176\u5206\u91CF\u968F\u5177\u4F53\u60C5\u51B5\u548C\u5EFA\u7B51\u7269\u7684\u4E0D\u540C\u800C\u5927\u4E0D\u76F8\u540C\u3002\u5728\u67D0\u4E00\u5EFA\u7B51\u7269\u4E2D\u53EF\u80FD\u67D0\u4E9B\u56E0\u7D20\u5F88\u5F3A\u800C\u5176\u4F59\u56E0\u7D20\u5F88\u5F31\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u5176\u5B83\u5EFA\u7B51\u7269\u4E2D\u60C5\u51B5\u5219\u53EF\u80FD\u8FE5\u5F02\u3002 \u4E8B\u5B9E\u4E0A\uFF0C\u4F5C\u4E3A\u4E13\u7528\u8BCD\u7684\u201C\u5EFA\u7B51\u5B66\u201D\u6240\u7814\u7A76\u7684\u5BF9\u8C61\u4E0D\u4EC5\u662F\u5EFA\u7B51\u7269\u672C\u8EAB\uFF0C\u66F4\u4E3B\u8981\u7684\u662F\u7814\u7A76\u4EBA\u4EEC\u5BF9\u5EFA\u7B51\u7269\u7684\u8981\u6C42\u53CA\u5176\u5982\u4F55\u6EE1\u8DB3\u3001\u7814\u7A76\u5EFA\u7B51\u7269\u5B9E\u4F53\u4ECE\u65E0\u5230\u6709\u7684\u4EA7\u751F\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\u5206\u522B\u5BF9\u5E94\u7684\u7B56\u5212\u3001\u8BBE\u8BA1\u3001\u5B9E\u65BD\u3002"@zh ,
"\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Prefabricated house construction. gif \u30D7\u30EC\u30CF\u30D6\u5EFA\u7BC9\u306E\u65BD\u5DE5 \u5EFA\u7BC9\uFF08\u3051\u3093\u3061\u304F\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001 \u4EBA\u9593\u304C\u6D3B\u52D5\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306E\u7A7A\u9593\u3092\u5185\u90E8\u306B\u6301\u3063\u305F\u69CB\u9020\u7269\u3092\u3001\u8A08\u753B\u3001\u8A2D\u8A08\u3001\u65BD\u5DE5\u305D\u3057\u3066\u4F7F\u7528\u3059\u308B\u306B\u81F3\u308B\u307E\u3067\u306E\u884C\u70BA\u306E\u904E\u7A0B\u5168\u4F53\u3001\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u4E00\u90E8\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u305D\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\u884C\u70BA\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4F5C\u3089\u308C\u305F\u69CB\u9020\u7269\u305D\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305F\u3060\u3057\u3001\u672C\u6765\u5F8C\u8005\u306F\u5EFA\u7BC9\u7269\u3068\u547C\u3076\u306E\u304C\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u5F8C\u8FF0\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u3001\u5EFA\u7BC9\u3068\u306FArchitecture\u306E\u8A33\u8A9E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001Architecture\u306F\u500B\u3005\u306E\u5EFA\u7269\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u5EFA\u7269\u3092\u9020\u308B\u884C\u70BA\uFF08\u904E\u7A0B\u3001\u6280\u8853\uFF09\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u500B\u3005\u306E\u5EFA\u7269\uFF08Building\uFF09\u3092\u793A\u3059\u5834\u5408\u306F\u300C\u5EFA\u7BC9\u7269\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3076\u3079\u304D\u3068\u3053\u308D\u3067\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u5B9F\u969B\u306B\u306F\u6DF7\u540C\u3055\u308C\u3066\u4F7F\u308F\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591A\u3044\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u82B8\u8853\u7684\u306A\u4F5C\u54C1\u3092\u5EFA\u7BC9\u3068\u547C\u3076\u3079\u304D\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308B\u4EBA\u3082\u3044\u308B\u304C\u3001\u3053\u308C\u3082Architecture - Building\u306E\u533A\u5225\u3068\u306F\u95A2\u4FC2\u306A\u3044\u3002 \u30ED\u30FC\u30DE\u6642\u4EE3\u306E\u5EFA\u7BC9\u5BB6\u3001\u30A6\u30A3\u30C8\u30EB\u30A6\u30A3\u30A6\u30B9\u304C\u8457\u3057\u305F\u3001\u73FE\u5B58\u3059\u308B\u6700\u53E4\u306E\u5EFA\u7BC9\u7406\u8AD6\u66F8\u300C\u5EFA\u7BC9\u66F8\uFF08\u5EFA\u7BC9\u8AD6\u3001\u5EFA\u7BC9\u5341\u66F8\u3068\u3082\uFF09\u300D\u306B\u3088\u308B\u3068\u3001\u7528(utilitas)\u30FB\u5F37(firmitas)\u30FB\u7F8E(venustas)\u3092\u517C\u306D\u5099\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u6C42\u3081\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u3053\u308C\u3092\u5B9F\u73FE\u3059\u308B\u70BA\u306B\u3001\u82B8\u8853\u7684\u304B\u3064\u79D1\u5B66\u7684\u898B\u5730\u306B\u7ACB\u305F\u306D\u3070\u306A\u3089\u306A\u3044\u3068\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u5EFA\u7BC9\u306E\u5BFE\u8C61\u3092\u5927\u304D\u304F\u6349\u3048\u308B\u3068\u5730\u57DF\u8A08\u753B\u30FB\u90FD\u5E02\u8A08\u753B\u30FB\u666F\u89B3\u30C7\u30B6\u30A4\u30F3\u306A\u3069\u306E\u7DCF\u5408\u7684\u306A\u74B0\u5883\u30C7\u30B6\u30A4\u30F3\u69CB\u7BC9\u3001\u30B3\u30DF\u30E5\u30CB\u30C6\u30A3\u5F62\u6210\u307E\u3067\u306B\u95A2\u308F\u308A\u3001\u5C0F\u3055\u304F\u306F\u5BA4\u5185\u306E\u5BB6\u5177\u3001\u5C0F\u7269\u306B\u81F3\u308B\u7269\u4F5C\u308A\u5168\u822C\u307E\u3067\u306B\u95A2\u308F\u308B\u3002\u3057\u304B\u3057\u3001\u901A\u5E38\u306F\u4E00\u5B9A\u306E\u6577\u5730\u3092\u5358\u4F4D\u306B\u3057\u3066\u6349\u3048\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002 \u65E5\u672C\u306E\u5EFA\u7BC9\u95A2\u9023\u306E\u6CD5\u4EE4\u306E\u4E00\u3064\u3067\u3042\u308B\u5EFA\u7BC9\u57FA\u6E96\u6CD5\u3067\u306F\u540C\u6CD5\u7B2C2\u6761\u5341\u4E09\u53F7\u306B\u3088\u308A\u300C\u5EFA\u7BC9\u7269\u3092\u65B0\u7BC9\u3057\u3001\u5897\u7BC9\u3057\u3001\u6539\u7BC9\u3057\u3001\u53C8\u306F\u79FB\u8EE2\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3044\u3046\u300D\u3068\u5B9A\u7FA9\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja ,
"Architecture (from Greek word \u1F00\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE - arkhitektonike) is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures for human shelter or use. A wider definition often includes the design of the total built environment, from the macro level of how a building integrates with its surrounding context like town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the micro level of architectural or construction details and, sometimes, furniture and hardware. Wider still, architecture is the activity of designing any kind of system. Even though our culture considers architecture to be a visual experience, the other senses play a role in how we experience both natural and built environments. Attitudes towards the senses depend on culture. The design process and the sensory experience of a space are distinctly separate views, each with its own language and assumptions. Architectural works are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and, sometimes, as Work of art. Historical civilizations are often known primarily through their architectural achievements."@en ,
"L'architettura \u00E8 la disciplina che ha come scopo l'organizzazione dello spazio in cui vive l'essere umano. Semplificando si pu\u00F2 dire che essa attiene principalmente alla progettazione e costruzione di un immobile o dell'ambiente costruito. L'architettura \u00E8 nata anzitutto per soddisfare le necessit\u00E0 biologiche dell'uomo quali la protezione dagli agenti atmosferici, e proprio per questo \u00E8 tra le discipline maggiormente presenti in tutte le civilt\u00E0. Solo in un secondo momento, con lo sviluppo della divisione del lavoro nella societ\u00E0, alla funzione primaria vennero aggiunte funzioni secondarie in numero sempre crescente. Con la comparsa di caratteri estetici si ebbe la nascita dell'architettura anche come arte visiva, dotata per\u00F2 di proprie caratteristiche peculiari. Nell'architettura concorrono aspetti tecnici e artistici."@it ,
"Az \u00E9p\u00EDt\u00E9szet t\u00E9mak\u00F6r\u00E9hez elv\u00E1laszthatatlanul kapcsol\u00F3dik az \u00E9p\u00EDt\u00E9s fogalomk\u00F6re. Mindenk\u00E9pp fontos viszont k\u00FCl\u00F6nbs\u00E9get tenn\u00FCnk, s ez a k\u00FCl\u00F6nbs\u00E9g alapvet\u0151en az eszt\u00E9tika \u00E9s a technol\u00F3giai ig\u00E9ny m\u00E9rt\u00E9k\u00E9ben \u00E9rhet\u0151 tetten. Egy egyszer\u0171 \u00E9p\u00EDtm\u00E9ny, p\u00E9ld\u00E1ul egy kerti \u00E1rny\u00E9ksz\u00E9k l\u00E9trehoz\u00E1sa is \u00E9p\u00EDt\u00E9s; vagy egy vas\u00FAti t\u00F6lt\u00E9s megalkot\u00E1sa is komoly m\u00E9rn\u00F6ki feladat, de ezek egyike sem \u00E9p\u00EDt\u00E9szet (b\u00E1r ez a szeml\u00E9let napjainkban egyre t\u00F6bbsz\u00F6r vitathat\u00F3v\u00E1 v\u00E1lik). Ezt a f\u00E9lre\u00E9rt\u00E9st \u00E1ltal\u00E1ban az \u201E\u00E9p\u00EDt\u0151m\u0171v\u00E9szet\u201D kifejez\u00E9ssel oldj\u00E1k fel, amely a nev\u00E9ben a m\u0171v\u00E9szi ig\u00E9nyess\u00E9ggel t\u00F6rt\u00E9n\u0151 \u00E9p\u00EDt(\u0151m\u0171v)\u00E9sz tervez\u0151i munk\u00E1ra utal. Az \u00E9p\u00FCletek meg\u00E9p\u00EDt\u00E9s\u00E9n k\u00EDv\u00FCl \u00E9p\u00EDt\u00E9szetnek nevezz\u00FCk a bels\u0151 terek kialak\u00EDt\u00E1s\u00E1t\u00F3l kezdve eg\u00E9szen a v\u00E1rosi-, esetenk\u00E9nt region\u00E1lis l\u00E9pt\u00E9kig terjed\u0151 \u00E9p\u00EDt\u00E9szetet is."@hu ,
"Der Begriff Architektur bezeichnet im weitesten Sinne die Auseinandersetzung des Menschen mit gebautem Raum. Das planvolle Entwerfen und Gestalten von Bauwerken ist der zentrale Inhalt der Architektur. Es gibt eine Vielzahl von Definitionen des Begriffes, die der Architektur verschiedene Aufgaben, Inhalte und Bedeutungen zuschreiben. Einige werden im Folgenden dargestellt."@de ,
"Mimarl\u0131k veya mimari, binalar\u0131 ve di\u011Fer fiziki yap\u0131lar\u0131 tasarlama ve kurma sanat\u0131 ve bilimidir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ya\u015Famas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015Ft\u0131rmak ve bar\u0131nma, dinlenme, \u00E7al\u0131\u015Fma, e\u011Flenme gibi eylemlerini s\u00FCrd\u00FCrebilmelerini sa\u011Flamak \u00FCzere gerekli mek\u00E2nlar\u0131, i\u015Flevsel gereksinmeleri ekonomik ve teknik olanaklarla ba\u011Fda\u015Ft\u0131rarak estetik yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla in\u015Fa etme sanat\u0131; ba\u015Fka bir tan\u0131mlamayla, yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve fiziksel \u00E7evreyi uygun \u00F6l\u00E7\u00FClerde tasarlama ve in\u015Fa etme sanat ve bilimidir. \u0130nsan bar\u0131nmak i\u00E7in ya\u015Famak ve do\u011Fa \u015Fartlar\u0131ndan korunmak i\u00E7in bir mekan ihtiyac\u0131 duyar ve bu mekan\u0131 kendine \u00F6zg\u00FC k\u00FClt\u00FCrel, fonksiyonel, teknik ve farkl\u0131 zevklerde yarat\u0131r. Mimarl\u0131k evrensel bir meslektir. \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinin her d\u00F6neminde \u00F6nemli olmu\u015Ftur. Dini yap\u0131lar\u0131n tanr\u0131ya ula\u015Fma arzusundan, iktidar\u0131 simgeleyen saraylara ya da bir kentin dokusunu olu\u015Fturan basit konut tiplemelerine kadar her t\u00FCrl\u00FC a\u00E7\u0131k ve kapal\u0131 mekan\u0131 tasarlar. Bu \u00E7evre k\u0131rsal veya kentsel olabilece\u011Fi gibi, yap\u0131lar\u0131 veya mekanlar\u0131 ku\u015Fatan yak\u0131n d\u0131\u015F \u00E7evre de mimari tasar\u0131m\u0131n kapsam\u0131na girer. Mekan, i\u00E7inde ya\u015Fam\u0131n ger\u00E7ekle\u015Fti\u011Fi fizik ortam olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Mekan\u0131n olu\u015Fabilmesi ve \u00FCretilebilmesi i\u00E7in yap\u0131lara, ya\u015Fam\u0131n herg\u00FCn artan \u00E7e\u015Fitlili\u011Fi g\u00F6z\u00F6n\u00FCne al\u0131n\u0131rsa, olduk\u00E7a karma\u015F\u0131k ili\u015Fkiler d\u00FCzeni i\u00E7inde yap\u0131la\u015Fm\u0131\u015F fizik \u00E7evreye gereksinme vard\u0131r. Mimari tasar\u0131m\u0131n \u00F6znesi olan ya\u015Fam, co\u011Frafi, iklimsel, k\u00FClt\u00FCrel, demografik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar i\u00E7erir. M\u00D6 1. yy. 'da ya\u015Fami\u015F olan Roma'l\u0131 mimar Vitruvius \"De Architectura\" adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda ba\u015Far\u0131l\u0131 bir mimarl\u0131k i\u00E7in \"Utilitas, Firmitas, Venustas\" (kullan\u0131\u015Fl\u0131l\u0131k, sa\u011Flaml\u0131k, g\u00FCzellik) etmenlerinin gerekli oldu\u011Funu ileri s\u00FCrm\u00FC\u015Ft\u00FCr. R\u00F6nesans' ta bu tan\u0131m, \"Comodita, perpetuita, bellezza\" (kullan\u0131\u015Fl\u0131l\u0131k,s\u00FCreklilik- kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, g\u00FCzellik) olarak benimsenmi\u015Ftir. 1581'de bir \u0130ngiliz yazar\u0131 mimarl\u0131\u011F\u0131 \"yap\u0131 bilimi\" olarak tan\u0131mlarken 19. yy'da \u0130ngiliz ele\u015Ftirmen John Ruskin mimarl\u0131\u011F\u0131n \"yap\u0131lara uygulanan s\u00FCslemeden ba\u015Fka bir \u015Fey olmad\u0131\u011F\u0131\" n\u0131 ileri s\u00FCr\u00FCyordu. Amat\u00F6r bir ele\u015Ftirici olan Sir Henri Watton \"The Elements of Architecture\" (1624) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda mimarl\u0131\u011F\u0131n \u00FC\u00E7 ko\u015Fula (kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015Fl\u0131l\u0131k, sa\u011Flaml\u0131k, g\u00FCzellik) yan\u0131t vermesi gerekti\u011Fini belirtir. Frank Lloyd Wright'a g\u00F6re de \"mimarl\u0131k bi\u00E7im haline gelmi\u015F ya\u015Famd\u0131r. \" D\u00FCnyan\u0131n en eski mesle\u011Fi olarak kabul edilen mimarl\u0131k yap\u0131 sekt\u00F6r\u00FCn\u00FCn de ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00E7as\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131 sekt\u00F6r\u00FC ise, t\u00FCm d\u00FCnya \u00FClkelerinde en b\u00FCy\u00FCk sekt\u00F6r olup, di\u011Fer sekt\u00F6rlerin de itici g\u00FCc\u00FC olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, mimarl\u0131k, ge\u00E7mi\u015Fin birikimleri ile gelece\u011Fi haz\u0131rlayacak, gelecekte ya\u015Fanacak kaliteli ya\u015Fam \u00E7evrelerini olu\u015Fturacak, vizyon sahibi bireylerin mesle\u011Fidir. Son elli y\u0131ld\u0131r mimarl\u0131k mesle\u011Fi konusunda \u201C\u00C7izim yapma sanat\u0131\u201D gibi bir yanl\u0131\u015F kanaat olu\u015Fmu\u015F, mimarl\u0131k sanat\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan ancak \u00E7al\u0131\u015Fma alan\u0131, t\u00FCm yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131lan elemanlar\u0131n malzeme, mukavemet, statik ve dinamik durumlar\u0131n\u0131 ve ekonomisini inceleyen bilim dal\u0131 olan in\u015Faat m\u00FChendisli\u011Fi ile mimarl\u0131k kavramlar\u0131 birbirine kar\u0131\u015Fm\u0131\u015Ft\u0131r. Mimarl\u0131k sanat\u0131n\u0131n k\u00FClt\u00FCrel yan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00F6zard\u0131 eden bu anlay\u0131\u015F sonucunda, y\u00FCzy\u0131llard\u0131r \u00FClkemizin kimli\u011Fi ile b\u00FCt\u00FCnle\u015Fen ve k\u00FClt\u00FCr\u00FCm\u00FCz\u00FCn ve de\u011Ferlerimizin en kal\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131t\u0131 olan mimarl\u0131k, kimli\u011Fini kaybetmi\u015F, k\u00FClt\u00FCrel kimlik sorusu ile bir hesab\u0131 bulunmayan egemen yap\u0131 k\u00FClt\u00FCr\u00FC kentlerin g\u00F6r\u00FCn\u00FCr kimli\u011Fine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015Ftur. Oysa Mimarl\u0131k \u00FClkelerin kartvizitine yazd\u0131\u011F\u0131 de\u011Ferlerin en \u00F6nemlilerinden biri belki de en \u00F6nemlisidir. Mimarl\u0131k okullar\u0131ndan mezun olanlar\u0131n, mesle\u011Fin ilgi alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00E7ok geni\u015F bir yelpazeyi kapsamas\u0131 nedeni ile, birbirinden \u00E7ok farkl\u0131 alanlarda \u00E7al\u0131\u015Fabildikleri g\u00F6zlemlenmektedir."@tr ,
"Architektura je v nejobecn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm pojet\u00ED synonymem pro stavitelstv\u00ED a zab\u00FDv\u00E1 se tak jak glob\u00E1ln\u00EDm pohledem na urbanismus \u010Di krajinu p\u0159es klasick\u00E9 stavitelstv\u00ED budov a\u017E po design jednotliv\u00FDch detail\u016F jako je zahradn\u00ED \u010Di bytov\u00E1 architektura. V u\u017E\u0161\u00EDm v\u00FDznamu slova pak ozna\u010Duje stavbu, kter\u00E1 je nositelem n\u011Bjak\u00E9ho um\u011Bleck\u00E9ho pojet\u00ED \u010Di n\u00E1zoru. T\u00EDm vyjad\u0159uje um\u011Bleck\u00E9 ztv\u00E1rn\u011Bn\u00ED staveb, jejich styl a zp\u016Fsob, jak\u00FDm byly postaveny. Architektura je tak ch\u00E1p\u00E1na jako um\u011Bleck\u00E9 d\u00EDlo, kter\u00E9 je z\u00E1rove\u0148 kulturn\u00EDm a politick\u00FDm symbolem doby. Architektura tak spojuje estetick\u00E9 a stavebn\u00ED znalosti, proto lze \u0159\u00EDci, \u017Ee se v architektu\u0159e v\u00FDrazn\u011B projevuj\u00ED zm\u011Bny spole\u010Dnosti. D\u00EDky dlouh\u00E9mu v\u00FDvoji se ust\u00E1lila jist\u00E1 pravidla vyjad\u0159ov\u00E1n\u00ED, kter\u00E1 obecn\u011B vypov\u00EDdaj\u00ED o tom jak\u00E9 tvary a materi\u00E1ly \u010Di jejich kombinace jsou vhodn\u00E9 pro jak\u00FD \u00FA\u010Del. Na v\u00FDznamn\u00E1 ve\u0159ejn\u00E1 architektonick\u00E1 d\u00EDla jsou vypisov\u00E1ny architektonick\u00E9 sout\u011B\u017Ee, je\u017E se profilovaly jako osv\u011Bd\u010Den\u00FD n\u00E1stroj v pr\u016Fb\u011Bhu historie. A\u010Dkoli architektura za\u010D\u00EDn\u00E1 v okam\u017Eiku, kdy lid\u00E9 za\u010Dali budovat prvn\u00ED stavby, tak architektura v u\u017E\u0161\u00EDm smyslu se za\u010Dala projevovat a\u017E v obdob\u00ED starov\u011Bk\u00FDch \u0159\u00ED\u0161\u00ED, jako byl Sumer a Egypt. Z Egypta tak\u00E9 poch\u00E1z\u00ED prvn\u00ED historicky dolo\u017Een\u00FD architekt, kter\u00FDm byl Imhotep z doby kolem roku 2650 p\u0159. n. l. , kter\u00FD m\u011Bl b\u00FDt stavitelem prvn\u00ED tzv. d\u017Eoserovy pyramidy. Historicky se v architektu\u0159e odr\u00E1\u017Eelo mnoho pohled\u016F, p\u0159i\u010Dem\u017E z\u00E1kladn\u00EDm pohledem nejen evropsk\u00E9 architektury byla jej\u00ED pod\u0159\u00EDzenost harmonii. V 19. stolet\u00ED se harmonii staveb nad\u0159adil \u00FA\u010Del stavby. T\u00EDm se architektura oprostila od estetick\u00FDch teori\u00ED a za\u010Dala se zab\u00FDvat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm \u00FA\u010Delnost\u00ED. To vedlo k tomu, \u017Ee v\u00FDb\u011Br stavebn\u00EDho materi\u00E1lu, zvolen\u00E1 forma i rozm\u011Bry byly pod\u0159\u00EDzeny \u00FA\u010Delu stavby. Proto\u017Ee se tak hlavn\u00ED z\u00E1jem architekta p\u0159esunul od vn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDho prostoru stavby sm\u011Brem k vnit\u0159n\u00EDmu prostoru, za\u010Dalo se pracovat s nov\u00FDm term\u00EDnem architektonick\u00FD prostor. V pr\u016Fb\u011Bhu 20. stolet\u00ED tak do\u0161lo k tomu, \u017Ee architektura z\u00EDskala nov\u00FD a od historick\u00E9ho pojet\u00ED pom\u011Brn\u011B odli\u0161n\u00FD pohled."@cs ,
"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0430 (\u043B\u0430\u0442. architectura \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0437\u043E\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439, \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03C4\u03AD\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0442\u043D\u0438\u043A) \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043C\u043B\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0431\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u043E\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0442\u043A\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0430\u0433\u043B\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043E \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043A. \u041F\u043E \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043C \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0438\u044F, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0445: \u043B\u0430\u0442. firmitas \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u043B\u0430\u0442. utilitas \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u043B\u0430\u0442. venustas \u2014 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0442\u0430 (\u0442. \u043D. \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0438\u044F) \u2014 \u0438 \u043B\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0433\u0430\u0440\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043A \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044F\u043C \u0447\u0435\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0442\u0435\u043B\u0430. \u041C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0436\u0435 (\u0432 XV \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0435) \u0410\u043B\u044C\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u043E \u2014 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0441\u043E\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0443\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E, \u0432\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447\u0435\u043C, \u043E\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0438 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0443\u044E \u043E\u0442 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445."@ru ,
"Arkitektur \u00E4r l\u00E4ran om formgivning av i f\u00F6rsta hand byggnader. Det \u00E4r emellertid ett multidisciplin\u00E4rt \u00E4mnesomr\u00E5de som verkar mellan konst och vetenskap och \u00E4ven omfattar landskap, st\u00E4der, interi\u00F6rer, m\u00F6bler och enskilda objekt. Enligt det tidigaste bevarade verket i \u00E4mnet, Vitruvius' \"Tio b\u00F6cker om arkitektur\", \u00E4r arkitekturens k\u00E4rna balansen mellan Sk\u00F6nhet (Venustas), H\u00E5llbarhet (Firmitas) och Funktion (Utilitas). Den svenske arkitekturhistorikern Elias Cornell sammanfattade, f\u00F6r sina arkitekturstudenter vid Chalmers Tekniska H\u00F6gskola, vad arkitektur handlar om i meningen \"Estetisk organisation av praktisk verklighet. \" Sedan ren\u00E4ssansen r\u00E4knas arkitektur till de sk\u00F6na konsterna. Ordet arkitektur anv\u00E4nds ocks\u00E5 inom till exempel datavetenskap och avser d\u00E5 den \u00F6vergripande strukturen hos ett system."@sv ,
"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0430, \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430 \u0456 \u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0434, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0456 \u0434\u0456\u044F\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438. \u041D\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043F\u0456 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043A\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044C \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0443 \u0437 \u043D\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043A, \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0456\u0439, \u0442\u043E\u0449\u043E) \u0442\u0430 \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0434\u044F\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0438, \u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0430\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D.). \u0407\u0457 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0456 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0443 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0424\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456, \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u043C\u0456\u0446\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0430 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0430, \u2014 \u0442\u0456\u0441\u043D\u043E \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043C\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0432'\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0456. \u0412\u0456\u0434 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043A\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043E \u0432 \u0447\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044C \u0456 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438. \u0421\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u043D\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043C\u0456\u0446\u043D\u043E\u044E, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043C\u0430\u0454 \u043C\u0456\u0446\u043D\u043E\u044E. \u041D\u0430\u0434\u043B\u0438\u0448\u043E\u043A \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u043F\u0430\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0434\u043C\u0456\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438. \u0412\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0436 \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043B\u0443 \u0430\u0441\u043E\u0446\u0456\u044E\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u043D\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043A\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E, \u043D\u0435\u043D\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044E \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0448\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u0435\u043C\u043E\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0424\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043B\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0457\u0457 \u0442\u0438\u043F\u043E\u043C, \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043E\u0436\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0443. \u041E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044E\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E\u044E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0457\u0457 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0456\u043A\u0430, \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043C\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u043F\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0444\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043E\u0440\u0438."@uk ,
"Architecture est un terme issu du grec \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD de \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9 (\u00AB chef, principe \u00BB) et \u03C4\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD qui d\u00E9signe l'art de concevoir et de r\u00E9aliser des structures b\u00E2ties, des villes avec des architectes ou sp\u00E9cialistes assimil\u00E9s. Elle cherche g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement \u00E0 concilier l'utilit\u00E9, la beaut\u00E9 et la solidit\u00E9 de formes, espaces et structures (habit\u00E9es ou directement utilitaires), ce qui distingue fondamentalement l'architecture, d'une part, des autres arts plastiques comme la sculpture, d'autre part de la construction (fait d'assembler diff\u00E9rents \u00E9l\u00E9ments de l'\u00E9difice en utilisant les mat\u00E9riaux et les techniques appropri\u00E9es). La partie de l'architecture sp\u00E9cialis\u00E9e dans les fortifications, les engins de guerre et les ouvrages de g\u00E9nie civil a donn\u00E9 naissance \u00E0 partir du XVI si\u00E8cle \u00E0 la profession d'ing\u00E9nieur. La conception des villes est d\u00E9sign\u00E9e depuis le milieu du XX si\u00E8cle par le terme urbanisme, sans cesser d'appartenir \u00E0 l'architecture dont l'\u00E9chelle d'intervention varie de l'\u00E9l\u00E9ment de mobilier, de construction ou de d\u00E9cor, jusqu'\u00E0 la ville enti\u00E8re. L'architecture d\u00E9signe \u00E9galement le corpus de tous les \u00E9difices construits, leur classification et leur \u00E9tude, qu'ils aient \u00E9t\u00E9 con\u00E7us par des architectes ou non. Par extension, le terme d'architecture est utilis\u00E9 pour d\u00E9signer la conception des syst\u00E8mes d'objets complexes, comme par exemple l'architecture logicielle, l'architecture informatique ou l'architecture de l'information. Dans ces cas, on fait r\u00E9f\u00E9rence \u00E0 la structure g\u00E9n\u00E9rale d'un syst\u00E8me. Cet article ne traite du sens de ces derniers."@fr ,
"Fi\u015Fier:CJROmaniustreet. jpg Cluj-Napoca strad\u0103 Iuliu Maniu. Construc\u0163ie demarat\u0103 \u00EEn secolul XIX, cu o arhitectur\u0103 simetric\u0103 de o parte \u015Fi de alta, caracteristic\u0103 marilor ora\u015Fe europene, dup\u0103 moda urbanistic\u0103 haussmannian\u0103 Arhitectura este \u015Ftiin\u0163a \u015Fi arta de a proiecta \u015Fi construi cl\u0103diri \u015Fi ansambluri de cl\u0103diri potrivit anumitor propor\u0163ii \u015Fi reguli, \u00EEn func\u0163ie de caracterul \u015Fi destina\u0163ia construc\u0163iilor. \u015Etiin\u0163a ei const\u0103 \u00EEn rezolvarea func\u0163ional\u0103 \u015Fi tehnic\u0103 a cl\u0103dirilor. Arta arhitecturii este o component\u0103 mai special\u0103 a artelor \u00EEn general, care are un caracter mai deosebit, deoarece cu elemente reale, utile, se creeaz\u0103 \u015Fi se compun imagini plastice nonfigurative, de esen\u0163\u0103 abstract\u0103, far\u0103 s\u0103 imite deci modele ale naturii. Arhitectura nu poate fi comparat\u0103 cu natura \u00EEnconjur\u0103toare dec\u00E2t prin aceea ca este un organism artificial implantat \u00EEntr-un mediu natural cu care trebuie s\u0103 se armonizeze at\u00E2t func\u0163ional c\u00E2t \u015Fi estetic. Arhitectura forma cea mai cuprinz\u0103toare de organizare a spa\u0163iului, urm\u0103rind rezolvarea echilibrat\u0103, armonioas\u0103, a func\u0163iunilor complexe, multilaterale. Arta se \u015Ftie este un fenomen con\u015Ftient, arhitectura, pe l\u00E2ng\u0103 aceast\u0103 calitate mai este cognitiv\u0103 \u015Fi ontologic\u0103. P\u00E2n\u0103 la sf\u00E2r\u015Fitul secolului trecut arhitectura era considerat\u0103 \"o decora\u0163ie a structurii\", iar \u00EEn secolul nostru Frank Lloyd Wright redefine\u015Fte arhitectura prin stilul s\u0103u de integrare armonioas\u0103 a structurilor \u00EEn natur\u0103, fiind exponentul cel mai de seam\u0103 al arhitecturii organice."@ro ,
"\u00ABArquitectura\u00BB proviene del griego \u00AB\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u00BB (arch), cuyo significado es \u00ABjefe\\a, quien tiene el mando\u00BB, y de \u00AB\u03C4\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD\u00BB(tekton), es decir \u00ABconstructor o carpintero\u00BB. As\u00ED, para los antiguos griegos el arquitecto es el jefe o el capataz de la construcci\u00F3n y la arquitectura es la t\u00E9cnica o el arte de quien realiza el proyecto y dirige la construcci\u00F3n del edificio y las estructuras, ya que, para los antiguos griegos, la palabra \u00AB\u03A4\u03B5\u03C7\u03BD\u03B7 (techne)\u00BB significa saber hacer alguna cosa. En su sentido m\u00E1s amplio, William Morris dio la siguiente definici\u00F3n: Tomando en cuenta la opini\u00F3n del arquitecto Bruno Zevi: En esencia lo que nos dice es que la arquitectura no se basa en la construcci\u00F3n en si, sino mas bien en los vac\u00EDos y la adaptaci\u00F3n de estos a trav\u00E9s de la interpretaci\u00F3n de ellos mismos al convivir con el ser humano."@es ;
rdfs:comment "Az \u00E9p\u00EDt\u00E9szet t\u00E9mak\u00F6r\u00E9hez elv\u00E1laszthatatlanul kapcsol\u00F3dik az \u00E9p\u00EDt\u00E9s fogalomk\u00F6re. Mindenk\u00E9pp fontos viszont k\u00FCl\u00F6nbs\u00E9get tenn\u00FCnk, s ez a k\u00FCl\u00F6nbs\u00E9g alapvet\u0151en az eszt\u00E9tika \u00E9s a technol\u00F3giai ig\u00E9ny m\u00E9rt\u00E9k\u00E9ben \u00E9rhet\u0151 tetten."@hu ,
"Desta forma, e segundo este ponto de vista, uma constru\u00E7\u00E3o passa a ser chamada de arquitetura quando, al\u00E9m de ser firme e bem estruturada (firmitas), possuir uma fun\u00E7\u00E3o (utilitas), respeitar as ordem cl\u00E1ssicas (decorum) e for, principalmente, bela (venustas). H\u00E1 que se notar que Vitr\u00FAvio contextualizava o conceito de beleza segundo os conceitos cl\u00E1ssicos. Portanto, a venustas foi, ao longo da hist\u00F3ria, um dos elementos mais pol\u00E9micos das v\u00E1rias defini\u00E7\u00F5es da arquitetura."@pt ,
"Mimarl\u0131k veya mimari, binalar\u0131 ve di\u011Fer fiziki yap\u0131lar\u0131 tasarlama ve kurma sanat\u0131 ve bilimidir."@tr ,
"L'arquitectura \u00E9s l'art de projectar o construir edificis i d'altres estructures f\u00EDsiques. Una definici\u00F3 m\u00E9s ampla tamb\u00E9 inclouria el disseny de tot l'ambient o entorn constru\u00EFt: des de l'urbanisme, passant pel disseny urb\u00E0, fins el disseny de mobles. \u00C9s una de les sis belles arts."@ca ,
"\u30D5\u30A1\u30A4\u30EB:Prefabricated house construction."@ja ,
"Fi\u015Fier:CJROmaniustreet. jpg Cluj-Napoca strad\u0103 Iuliu Maniu. Construc\u0163ie demarat\u0103 \u00EEn secolul XIX, cu o arhitectur\u0103 simetric\u0103 de o parte \u015Fi de alta, caracteristic\u0103 marilor ora\u015Fe europene, dup\u0103 moda urbanistic\u0103 haussmannian\u0103 Arhitectura este \u015Ftiin\u0163a \u015Fi arta de a proiecta \u015Fi construi cl\u0103diri \u015Fi ansambluri de cl\u0103diri potrivit anumitor propor\u0163ii \u015Fi reguli, \u00EEn func\u0163ie de caracterul \u015Fi destina\u0163ia construc\u0163iilor."@ro ,
"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0430 (\u043B\u0430\u0442. architectura \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0437\u043E\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439, \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447."@ru ,
"Arkkitehtuuri eli rakennustaide on taiteen muoto, jossa suunnitellaan rakennuksia sek\u00E4 niihin liittyvi\u00E4 laajempia kokonaisuuksia esteettisest\u00E4 n\u00E4k\u00F6kulmasta. Pienimuotoisimmillaan arkkitehtuuri voi olla ovenkahvan yksityiskohdan muotoilemista; toisaalta se voi k\u00E4sitt\u00E4\u00E4 my\u00F6s kokonaisen maiseman tai kaupungin suunnittelun."@fi ,
"Der Begriff Architektur bezeichnet im weitesten Sinne die Auseinandersetzung des Menschen mit gebautem Raum. Das planvolle Entwerfen und Gestalten von Bauwerken ist der zentrale Inhalt der Architektur. Es gibt eine Vielzahl von Definitionen des Begriffes, die der Architektur verschiedene Aufgaben, Inhalte und Bedeutungen zuschreiben. Einige werden im Folgenden dargestellt."@de ,
"Architecture est un terme issu du grec \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD de \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9 (\u00AB chef, principe \u00BB) et \u03C4\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD qui d\u00E9signe l'art de concevoir et de r\u00E9aliser des structures b\u00E2ties, des villes avec des architectes ou sp\u00E9cialistes assimil\u00E9s."@fr ,
"\u00ABArquitectura\u00BB proviene del griego \u00AB\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u00BB (arch), cuyo significado es \u00ABjefe\\a, quien tiene el mando\u00BB, y de \u00AB\u03C4\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD\u00BB(tekton), es decir \u00ABconstructor o carpintero\u00BB."@es ,
"Architectuur is de kunst en wetenschap van het ontwerpen van de gebouwde omgeving; inclusief steden, gebouwen, interieurs, landschappen, meubelen, objecten enzovoort. Volgens het vroegste overgeleverde werk over het onderwerp, \"Over architectuur\" van Vitruvius, steunt de architectuur op drie principes: schoonheid (venustas), stevigheid (firmitas) en bruikbaarheid (utilitas). Architectuur kan worden omschreven als de balans tussen deze drie elementen, waarbij niet een de anderen overheerst."@nl ,
"Arkitektur \u00E4r l\u00E4ran om formgivning av i f\u00F6rsta hand byggnader. Det \u00E4r emellertid ett multidisciplin\u00E4rt \u00E4mnesomr\u00E5de som verkar mellan konst och vetenskap och \u00E4ven omfattar landskap, st\u00E4der, interi\u00F6rer, m\u00F6bler och enskilda objekt. Enligt det tidigaste bevarade verket i \u00E4mnet, Vitruvius' \"Tio b\u00F6cker om arkitektur\", \u00E4r arkitekturens k\u00E4rna balansen mellan Sk\u00F6nhet (Venustas), H\u00E5llbarhet (Firmitas) och Funktion (Utilitas)."@sv ,
"Architektura (gr. \u1F00\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE - architektonike) - nauka i sztuka projektowania, konstruowania i wykonywania budynk\u00F3w oraz innych budowli przestrzennych. Architektura zajmuje si\u0119 r\u00F3wnie\u017C organizowaniem przestrzeni u\u017Cywanej przez cz\u0142owieka. Osoba posiadaj\u0105ca wykszta\u0142cenie w dziedzinie architektury oraz uprawnienia do wykonywania projekt\u00F3w budynk\u00F3w nosi tytu\u0142 architekta. Szersza definicja architektury obejmuje projektowane we wszelkich skalach."@pl ,
"Architecture (from Greek word \u1F00\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03C4\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE - arkhitektonike) is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures for human shelter or use."@en ,
"Architektura je v nejobecn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm pojet\u00ED synonymem pro stavitelstv\u00ED a zab\u00FDv\u00E1 se tak jak glob\u00E1ln\u00EDm pohledem na urbanismus \u010Di krajinu p\u0159es klasick\u00E9 stavitelstv\u00ED budov a\u017E po design jednotliv\u00FDch detail\u016F jako je zahradn\u00ED \u010Di bytov\u00E1 architektura. V u\u017E\u0161\u00EDm v\u00FDznamu slova pak ozna\u010Duje stavbu, kter\u00E1 je nositelem n\u011Bjak\u00E9ho um\u011Bleck\u00E9ho pojet\u00ED \u010Di n\u00E1zoru. T\u00EDm vyjad\u0159uje um\u011Bleck\u00E9 ztv\u00E1rn\u011Bn\u00ED staveb, jejich styl a zp\u016Fsob, jak\u00FDm byly postaveny."@cs ,
"Arkitektur er byggekunst, bruks- og stedskunst. Ordet er avledet av det latinske ordet for arkitekt, architectus, som er l\u00E5nt fra det greske ordet arkhitekton, sammensatt av arkhi- (hoved- eller sjef-) og tekton (h\u00E5ndverker, bygger). Grunnbetydningen er alts\u00E5 en byggmester. Som oftest blir arkitektur plassert mellom teknikk og humaniora og knyttet til ulike byggeoppgaver."@no ,
"L'architettura \u00E8 la disciplina che ha come scopo l'organizzazione dello spazio in cui vive l'essere umano. Semplificando si pu\u00F2 dire che essa attiene principalmente alla progettazione e costruzione di un immobile o dell'ambiente costruito. L'architettura \u00E8 nata anzitutto per soddisfare le necessit\u00E0 biologiche dell'uomo quali la protezione dagli agenti atmosferici, e proprio per questo \u00E8 tra le discipline maggiormente presenti in tutte le civilt\u00E0."@it ,
"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0301\u0440\u0430, \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430 \u0456 \u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043B\u044C \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0440\u0443\u0434, \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044F \u0456 \u0434\u0456\u044F\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438."@uk ,
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