. "146"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Amfetamin pat\u0159\u00ED spolu s p\u0159\u00EDbuzn\u00FDm metamfetaminem mezi stimula\u010Dn\u00ED l\u00E1tky (stimulanty) zvy\u0161uj\u00EDc\u00ED hladinu neuromedi\u00E1tor\u016F noradrenalinu (norepinefrinu), serotoninu, a dopaminu v mozku. Vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 se v l\u00E9\u010Db\u011B poruchy pozornosti s hyperaktivitou (ADHD) zejm\u00E9na u d\u011Bt\u00ED, d\u00E1le p\u0159i l\u00E9\u010Db\u011B \u00FAraz\u016F mozku, narkolepsie a chronick\u00E9ho \u00FAnavov\u00E9ho syndromu. P\u016Fvodn\u011B se pou\u017E\u00EDval i jako k potla\u010Den\u00ED hladu a sn\u00ED\u017Een\u00ED t\u011Blesn\u00E9 hmotnosti. \u010Casto je vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1n jako rekrea\u010Dn\u00ED droga, nap\u0159\u00EDklad pod n\u00E1zvem Speed. Jeho trivi\u00E1ln\u00ED n\u00E1zev je odvozen od jednoho z mo\u017En\u00FDch chemick\u00FDch n\u00E1zv\u016F: alfa-methylfenethylamin. V\u00FDraz amfetamin z\u00E1rove\u0148 ozna\u010Duje t\u0159\u00EDdu slou\u010Denin odvozen\u00FDch od t\u00E9to z\u00E1kladn\u00ED chemick\u00E9 struktury."@cs . . . . . "Top: Chiral resolution of amphetamine"@en . "L'amfetamina (alfa-metilfeniletilammina) o anfetamina o anfetammina \u00E8 un farmaco con propriet\u00E0 anoressizzanti e psicostimolanti. Veniva e viene tuttora utilizzato in alcuni Stati (come per esempio negli USA e in alcuni Stati europei) per il trattamento del disturbo da deficit di attenzione/iperattivit\u00E0 (ADHD) nei bambini e negli adulti come antidepressivo, psicostimolante e anoressizzante. Ha inoltre uso ricreativo per via delle sue propriet\u00E0 euforizzanti e stimolanti e rappresenta perci\u00F2 una sostanza psicotropa in grado di indurre dipendenza. Per tale motivo \u00E8 quasi ovunque una sostanza controllata e in Italia \u00E8 inserita nella tabella 1 della legge sulle sostanze stupefacenti e psicotrope. Fino agli anni \u201870 l\u2019amfetamina e alcuni suoi analoghi sintetici erano venduti liberamente nelle farmacie come tonici. \u00C8 un analogo sintetico del neurotrasmettitore endogeno feniletilammina."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124677068"^^ . . . "a616004" . . . . . . . . "Graphical representation of Amphetamine stereoisomers"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ", benzoic acid, hippuric acid, norephedrine, phenylacetone"@en . . . "1.5"^^ . . "\u0410\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D (\u0444\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D) (\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0410\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430-\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0444\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D) \u2014 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043D\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438, \u0454 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0443. \u0421\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0438: \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D, \u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B, \u0430\u043C\u0444\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u0430\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D, \u0430\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u043D\u0437\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u043D\u0437\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u0435\u0439\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043D, \u0444\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u0456\u0437\u043E\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D, \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D, \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043D, \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043D, \u0440\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u0441\u0438\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u0441\u0438\u043C\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D."@uk . . . . . "0"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Amphetamine"@en . . . . . . . . "Diagram of amphetamine synthesis by the Leuckart reaction"@en . . . . "\u0410\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D (\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0440. \u043E\u0442 \u03B1-\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0444\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043B\u044D\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D) \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u0438 \u0430\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0444\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043B\u044D\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430. \u041C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u044B\u0431\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u0439\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 (\u0434\u043E\u0444\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430). \u0410\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0440\u0435\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C, \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0432\u044B\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C. \u0412\u043E \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043B\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0414\u0412\u0413 \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043F\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442 \u0430\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438."@ru . . . . . . "Anfetamina"@eu . . . . "Spreagthach cumasach don n\u00E9arch\u00F3ras l\u00E1rnach, agus neamhchodladh, aireachas, gi\u00FAmar is f\u00E9inmhuin\u00EDn ardaithe, is b\u00E9alscaoilteacht mar thoradh air, chomh maith le feabhs\u00FA i nd\u00E9anamh tascanna simpl\u00ED meabhracha is fisici\u00FAla. Ar dt\u00FAs, laghda\u00EDonn s\u00E9 an goile. Baintear m\u00ED-\u00FAs\u00E1id go han-choitianta as chun fuinneamh is airdeall a mh\u00E9ad\u00FA, ach le r\u00F3-\u00FAs\u00E1id \u00E9ir\u00EDonn duine neamh-mhoth\u00E1lach d\u00F3 agus b\u00EDonn tuirse is d\u00FAlagar air. Bhaint\u00ED feidhm as tr\u00E1th chun cabhr\u00FA le daoine me\u00E1chan a chailli\u00FAint, ach n\u00ED cheada\u00EDtear \u00E9 sin anois mar gheall ar na fadhbanna and\u00FAile is neamh-mhoth\u00E1lachta."@ga . . . . . . . "minutes"@en . . "Amphetamine resolution and chiral synthesis.svg"@en . "Diagram of amphetamine synthesis by Friedel\u2013Crafts alkylation"@en . . . . "KWTSXDURSIMDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N"@en . . . . . . . "Primarily renal;"@en . . . "Amfetamino (mallongigo de la substanconomo alfa-metilfenetilamin') estas plene laboratorie produktata substanco el la substancogrupo de amfetaminoj, parto de la substancoklaso de feniletilaminoj. Amfetamino efikas forte psike stimulige kaj vekige, krome bremsas la apetiton, kaj estas kutima nele\u011Da drogo. Varia\u0135oj de amfetamino, kiuj ekefikas malpli rapide kaj tial ne havas la drogan, psike stimuligan efikon, kiel kuraciloj uzatas en la terapio de atentomanka-hiperaktiva perturbo (AHP) a\u016D inverse de narkolepesio, malsano de ne-mem-kontrolebla dumtaga dormado. Al la substancogrupo de amfetaminoj, kompreneble nomata la\u016D la baza substanco amfetamino, apartenas multaj pliaj psikoaktivaj drogoj, ekzemple N-metilamfetamino kaj Efedrino, kiu nature troveblas en la planto efedro (latine Ephedra). \u0108iuj tiuj substancoj stimulas kaj aktivigas la simpatikan parton de la a\u016Dtonoma nerva sistemo."@eo . . . . "at 25 \u00B0C"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646"@ar . "Amphetamine and P2P.png"@en . . . . . "L'amfetamina o d, l-amfetamina \u00E9s un agent adren\u00E8rgic sint\u00E8tic, potent estimulant del sistema nervi\u00F3s central. La dexamfetamina (dextro-amfetamina) sorgeix de la separaci\u00F3 del compost rac\u00E8mic (d, l-amfetamina) en les seues dues configuracions \u00F2ptiques possibles, i l'extracci\u00F3 d'aquella que corresponga is\u00F2mer \u00F2ptic dextr\u00F2gir. L'expressi\u00F3 amfetamines (forma plural de l'anterior) t\u00E9 almenys dues accepcions possibles. La m\u00E9s restringida, s'usa per a referir la tr\u00EDade formada per les subst\u00E0ncies: amfetamina, dexamfetamina i metamfetamina. Mentre que la m\u00E9s general al\u00B7ludeix tamb\u00E9 als estimulants de tipus amfetam\u00EDnic (ATS: acr\u00F2nim angl\u00E8s de Amphetamine-Type Stimulants). Els ATS s\u00F3n la fam\u00EDlia farmacol\u00F2gica integrada per compostos amb estructura qu\u00EDmica an\u00E0loga o derivada de la mol\u00E8cula d'amfetamina, amb propietats cl\u00EDniques similars, i amb grau d'activitat farmacol\u00F2gica (pot\u00E8ncia) comparable. Aquesta accepci\u00F3 \u00E9s m\u00E9s freq\u00FCent, i \u00E9s la que utilitzarem en aquest article (excepte indicaci\u00F3 en contra). Habilita per a incloure tamb\u00E9 en el grup de les subst\u00E0ncies amfetam\u00EDniques estimulants com el metilfenidat (an\u00E0leg estructural) i el dexmetilfenidat; i derivats qu\u00EDmics amb propietats entact\u00F2genes, com l'MDMA; i anorex\u00EDgenes, com el fenproporex, el dietilpropi\u00F3 (amfepramona), la fentermina, la benzfetamina, la fendimetrazina, sent aquestes \u00FAltimes les de menor pot\u00E8ncia relativa."@ca . . . . . . . . . . . . "Amphetamine Leukart synthesis.svg"@en . . . . . . "Method 6: Synthesis using phenylacetone and ammonia"@en . . . . . . . . . "Moderate"@en . . . . . . "\u0410\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . "Anfetamina eta bere familiako beste droga batzuk, hala nola metanfetamina, burmuinean , serotonina eta dopaminaren mailak igotzen dituzten drogak dira. Anfetamina errumaniar kimikari Laz\u0103r Edeleanuk sintetizatu zuen lehen aldiz Berlinen 1887an, eta fenilisopropilamina deitu zion. 1920an hasi zen erabiltzen medikuntzan, baina batez ere militarrentzat. Droga hartzearen helburua forma hobean egotea eta nekea arintzea zen. 1970. urtean erabiltzen hasi zen baita ere odol-presioa murrizteko. Anfetaminaren eratorria den metanfetamina 1938an sortu zen, eta 1958an.Anfetamina oralki konsumitzen da eta 30 eta 60 minutu tartean egiten du eragin. 10 ordu pasa ondoren jatorrizko egoerara bueltatzen da, 6 eta 8 ordu bitartan egiten baitu efektu gehiena. Droga hau, speed edo anfeta izenekin ere ezaguna da."@eu . . . . . "610"^^ . . . . "3007" . "Amfetamina, pot. speed \u2013 organiczny zwi\u0105zek chemiczny, pochodna 2-fenyloetyloaminy, silny stymulant OUN wykorzystywany w leczeniu ADHD, narkolepsji i oty\u0142o\u015Bci. Odkryta w 1887, wyst\u0119puje w dw\u00F3ch enancjomerach, kt\u00F3rymi s\u0105 lewoamfetamina i dekstroamfetamina. Nazwa amfetamina odnosi si\u0119 za\u015B do racemicznej wolnej zasady, a wi\u0119c sk\u0142adaj\u0105cej si\u0119 z r\u00F3wnomolowej mieszaniny czystych enancjomer\u00F3w. Niemniej termin ten jest cz\u0119sto u\u017Cywany nieformalnie do dowolnej mieszaniny enancjomer\u00F3w, a nawet do czystych enancjomer\u00F3w. Historycznie wykorzystywano j\u0105 do leczenia obrz\u0119ku nosa i zaburze\u0144 depresyjnych. Stosuje si\u0119 j\u0105 jako \u015Brodek dopinguj\u0105cy oraz substancj\u0119 nootropow\u0105, a tak\u017Ce rekreacyjnie jako afrodyzjak i zwi\u0105zek euforyzuj\u0105cy. Posiadanie i dystrybucja s\u0105 \u015Bci\u015Ble kontrolowane w wielu krajach, z powodu zna"@pl . . . . "14"^^ . "3007"^^ . . "Amfataim\u00EDn"@ga . "Schedule I"@en . . . . . . "Schedule II"@en . "2504"^^ . . . . . . . ","@en . . . . . "Method 4: Synthesis via Hofmann and Curtius rearrangements"@en . . . . . "Amfetamine, in straattaal ook wel speed, pep, snelle of belly genoemd, is een synthetisch psychofarmacon en drug. De dextro-isomeer van amfetamine dextro-amfetamine wordt voorgeschreven als therapie voor ADHD en narcolepsie. Het racemaat van amfetamine kent momenteel geen medicinale toepassingen in Nederland en wordt slechts recreatief gebruikt. Het gebruik is geestelijk verslavend. Amfetamine werkt stimulerend en bevordert aldus slapeloosheid. Daarnaast vermindert het veelal de lust tot eten of drinken. Amfetamine werd vroeger dan ook wel toegepast als vermageringsmiddel. Het werd ook als doping in de sport toegepast. Recreatief gebruik van amfetamine vindt vooral plaats door het te snuiven of te slikken. Verwante stoffen die een sterkere werking hebben zijn methamfetamine en het vooral in enkele Aziatische landen populaire yabaa."@nl . . . . "a616004"@en . . . . "Amphetamin (auch: Phenylisopropylamin oder Amfetamin) ist eine synthetische chemische Verbindung aus der Stoffgruppe der Phenylethylamine und z\u00E4hlt dort zu den Weckaminen (Amine mit \u201Eaufweckender\u201C Wirkung). Es wird in der Medizin als Arzneistoff zur Behandlung der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivit\u00E4tsst\u00F6rung (ADHS) und der Narkolepsie verwendet. Amphetamin hat eine stark stimulierende und aufputschende Wirkung. Wie alle Amphetaminderivate und viele Stimulanzien wirkt es appetitz\u00FCgelnd und in hohen Dosen euphorisierend. Daher ist es insbesondere in der Drogenszene beliebt und unter Bezeichnungen wie Speed oder Pep weit verbreitet. Amphetamin ist die Stammverbindung der Substanzklasse der Amphetamine. Zu ihr geh\u00F6ren etliche weitere psychoaktive Substanzen, unter anderem Methamphetamin und das in der Natur vorkommende Ephedrin. Amphetamin ist ein Stimulans und indirektes Sympathomimetikum, d. h., es regt die sympathischen Teile des vegetativen Nervensystems an. Es existieren zwei verschiedene Enantiomere des Amphetamins: D-Amphetamin und L-Amphetamin. Medizinisch wird oft reines D-Amphetamin verwendet, da dieses st\u00E4rker wirksam ist als L-Amphetamin. Wird nur von \u201EAmphetamin\u201C ohne genauere Namenszus\u00E4tze gesprochen, ist das 1:1-Gemisch der beiden Enantiomere gemeint (DL-Amphetamin). Amphetamin wird in Deutschland in der Anlage III im Bet\u00E4ubungsmittelgesetz aufgef\u00FChrt und stellt damit ein verkehrsf\u00E4higes und verschreibungsf\u00E4higes Bet\u00E4ubungsmittel dar; Handel und Besitz ohne Erlaubnis werden strafrechtlich verfolgt."@de . . . . . . . "dosing:"@en . . . "center"@en . . . . "N06"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Amfetamine"@en . . . "L\u2019amph\u00E9tamine (DCI) est une substance sympathicomim\u00E9tique aux effets anorexig\u00E8nes et psychoanaleptiques. Dans la plupart des pays du monde, l'amph\u00E9tamine est consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme un stup\u00E9fiant. Le nom amph\u00E9tamine trouve son origine de ses noms chimiques et est une abr\u00E9viation dont l'\u00E9tymologie est facile \u00E0 comprendre : l'amph\u00E9tamine, c'est une ph\u00E9n\u00E9thylamine \u00E0 laquelle a \u00E9t\u00E9 ajout\u00E9 un groupement m\u00E9thyle (-CH3) en position \u03B1 (alpha) de sa cha\u00EEne, ce qui donne alpha-m\u00E9thyl-ph\u00E9n\u00E9thylamine ; c'est la version d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e. Du nom alpha-m\u00E9thyl-ph\u00E9n\u00E9thylamine ne seront retenues par simplification que les lettres en gras, ce qui donne finalement : amph\u00E9tamine. Par extension, un grand nombre de mol\u00E9cules similaires, ayant pour point commun un groupement m\u00E9thyle (-CH3) en position \u03B1, sont appel\u00E9es amph\u00E9tamines."@fr . "405"^^ . . . "left"@en . . . . . . . . . "CK833KGX7E"@en . "Anfetamina eta bere familiako beste droga batzuk, hala nola metanfetamina, burmuinean , serotonina eta dopaminaren mailak igotzen dituzten drogak dira. Anfetamina errumaniar kimikari Laz\u0103r Edeleanuk sintetizatu zuen lehen aldiz Berlinen 1887an, eta fenilisopropilamina deitu zion. 1920an hasi zen erabiltzen medikuntzan, baina batez ere militarrentzat. Droga hartzearen helburua forma hobean egotea eta nekea arintzea zen. 1970. urtean erabiltzen hasi zen baita ere odol-presioa murrizteko. Droga hau, speed edo anfeta izenekin ere ezaguna da."@eu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Amfetamin"@cs . . . . . "Class B"@en . . . . . ""@en . . "Amfetamine, in straattaal ook wel speed, pep, snelle of belly genoemd, is een synthetisch psychofarmacon en drug. De dextro-isomeer van amfetamine dextro-amfetamine wordt voorgeschreven als therapie voor ADHD en narcolepsie. Het racemaat van amfetamine kent momenteel geen medicinale toepassingen in Nederland en wordt slechts recreatief gebruikt. Het gebruik is geestelijk verslavend. Amfetamine werkt stimulerend en bevordert aldus slapeloosheid. Daarnaast vermindert het veelal de lust tot eten of drinken. Amfetamine werd vroeger dan ook wel toegepast als vermageringsmiddel. Het werd ook als doping in de sport toegepast."@nl . . "Amph\u00E9tamine"@fr . "La anfetamina es un agente adren\u00E9rgico sint\u00E9tico, potente estimulante del sistema nervioso central. La dextro-anfetamina, surge de la separaci\u00F3n de la mezcla rac\u00E9mica (D-anfetamina y L-anfetamina) en sus dos configuraciones \u00F3pticas posibles, y la extracci\u00F3n de aquella que corresponda is\u00F3mero \u00F3ptico dextr\u00F3giro. La expresi\u00F3n anfetaminas (forma plural de la anterior) tiene al menos dos acepciones posibles. La m\u00E1s restringida, se usa para referir la tr\u00EDada formada por las sustancias: anfetamina, dextroanfetamina y metanfetamina. En tanto que la m\u00E1s general alude tambi\u00E9n a los estimulantes de tipo anfetam\u00EDnico (ATS: acr\u00F3nimo ingl\u00E9s de Amphetamine-Type Stimulants). Los ATS son la familia farmacol\u00F3gica integrada por compuestos con estructura qu\u00EDmica an\u00E1loga o derivada de la mol\u00E9cula de anfetamina, con propiedades cl\u00EDnicas similares, y con grado de actividad farmacol\u00F3gica (potencia) comparable. Esta acepci\u00F3n es m\u00E1s frecuente, y es la que utilizaremos en este art\u00EDculo (salvo indicaci\u00F3n en contrario). Habilita para incluir tambi\u00E9n en el grupo de las sustancias anfetam\u00EDnicas a estimulantes como el metilfenidato (an\u00E1logo estructural) y el dexmetilfenidato; y a derivados qu\u00EDmicos con propiedades entact\u00F3genas, como el MDMA; y anorex\u00EDgenas, como el fenproporex, el dietilpropi\u00F3n (anfepramona), la fentermina, la benzfetamina, la fendimetrazina, siendo estas \u00FAltimas las de menor potencia relativa. La anfetamina es utilizada con fines terap\u00E9uticos, adem\u00E1s de como droga recreativa o para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo."@es . . "Diagram of amphetamine synthesis from phenylacetone and ammonia"@en . . . . . "Medical: oral, intravenous"@en . . "L'amfetamina o d, l-amfetamina \u00E9s un agent adren\u00E8rgic sint\u00E8tic, potent estimulant del sistema nervi\u00F3s central. La dexamfetamina (dextro-amfetamina) sorgeix de la separaci\u00F3 del compost rac\u00E8mic (d, l-amfetamina) en les seues dues configuracions \u00F2ptiques possibles, i l'extracci\u00F3 d'aquella que corresponga is\u00F2mer \u00F2ptic dextr\u00F2gir."@ca . . . . . . . . "Anfetamina"@es . "Class B"@en . "Moderate"@en . . . . . . . "Method 3: Ritter synthesis"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "NCCc1ccccc1"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u039F\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BC\u03C6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BC\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BD\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03BD, \u03BF\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C6\u03AC\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BA\u03B1, \u03B5\u03BD\u03CE \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03AE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03B2\u03BF\u03B7\u03B8\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03AF\u03B1\u03B9\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03AF\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03B2\u03AC\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2. \u039A\u03C5\u03BA\u03BB\u03BF\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BF\u03BD\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03B5\u03B3\u03B5\u03C1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC. \u03A4\u03BF \u03C6\u03AC\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BA\u03BF \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC. \u0391\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u0390\u03BD\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C7\u03B1\u03BC\u03B7\u03BB\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03CE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03BF\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C1\u03BA\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC \u03C7\u03B1\u03BC\u03B7\u03BB\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B9\u03BC\u03AE."@el . . . "Diagram of amphetamine synthesis via Hofmann and Curtius rearrangements"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "405" . . . . . . . . "Method 1: Synthesis by the Leuckart reaction"@en . . . . . . . . . . "300"^^ . . . . . . . . "Evekeo, Adderall,ref|Adderall and other mixed amphetamine salts products such as Mydayis are not racemic amphetamine - they are a mixture composed of equal parts racemate and dextroamphetamine.\nSee Mixed amphetamine salts for more information about the mixture, and [[#Pharmaceutical products|this section]] for information about the various mixtures of amphetamine enantiomers currently marketed.|name=AdderallDiff|group=note [[#Pharmaceutical products"@en . . "L\u2019amph\u00E9tamine (DCI) est une substance sympathicomim\u00E9tique aux effets anorexig\u00E8nes et psychoanaleptiques. Dans la plupart des pays du monde, l'amph\u00E9tamine est consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme un stup\u00E9fiant. Le nom amph\u00E9tamine trouve son origine de ses noms chimiques et est une abr\u00E9viation dont l'\u00E9tymologie est facile \u00E0 comprendre : l'amph\u00E9tamine, c'est une ph\u00E9n\u00E9thylamine \u00E0 laquelle a \u00E9t\u00E9 ajout\u00E9 un groupement m\u00E9thyle (-CH3) en position \u03B1 (alpha) de sa cha\u00EEne, ce qui donne alpha-m\u00E9thyl-ph\u00E9n\u00E9thylamine ; c'est la version d\u00E9velopp\u00E9e. Du nom alpha-m\u00E9thyl-ph\u00E9n\u00E9thylamine ne seront retenues par simplification que les lettres en gras, ce qui donne finalement : amph\u00E9tamine. Par extension, un grand nombre de mol\u00E9cules similaires, ayant pour point commun un groupement m\u00E9thyle (-CH3) en position \u03B1, sont appel\u00E9es amph\u00E9t"@fr . . . "Amfetamino (mallongigo de la substanconomo alfa-metilfenetilamin') estas plene laboratorie produktata substanco el la substancogrupo de amfetaminoj, parto de la substancoklaso de feniletilaminoj. Amfetamino efikas forte psike stimulige kaj vekige, krome bremsas la apetiton, kaj estas kutima nele\u011Da drogo. Varia\u0135oj de amfetamino, kiuj ekefikas malpli rapide kaj tial ne havas la drogan, psike stimuligan efikon, kiel kuraciloj uzatas en la terapio de atentomanka-hiperaktiva perturbo (AHP) a\u016D inverse de narkolepesio, malsano de ne-mem-kontrolebla dumtaga dormado."@eo . . . "Amfetamine" . "\u82EF\u4E19\u80FA"@zh . . . "75"^^ . . . . . "pH-dependent:"@en . . "An image of amphetamine free base"@en . . . . . . . . "range: 1\u201375%"@en . . "\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: amphetamine, alpha-methylphenethylamine\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u9593\u63A5\u578B\u30A2\u30C9\u30EC\u30CA\u30EA\u30F3\u53D7\u5BB9\u4F53\u523A\u6FC0\u85AC\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30E1\u30BF\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\u3068\u540C\u69D8\u306E\u4E2D\u67A2\u8208\u596E\u4F5C\u7528\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3067\u306F\u5546\u54C1\u540DAdderall\u3067\u8CA9\u58F2\u3055\u308C\u3001\u9069\u5FDC\u306F\u6CE8\u610F\u6B20\u9665\u30FB\u591A\u52D5\u6027\u969C\u5BB3 (ADHD) \u53CA\u3073\u30CA\u30EB\u30B3\u30EC\u30D7\u30B7\u30FC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5F37\u3044\u4E2D\u67A2\u8208\u596E\u4F5C\u7528\u3068\u7CBE\u795E\u4F9D\u5B58\u6027\u3001\u85AC\u5264\u8010\u6027\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5411\u7CBE\u795E\u85AC\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u6761\u7D04\u306E\u4ED8\u8868II\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u306E\u899A\u9192\u5264\u53D6\u7DE0\u6CD5\u3067\u306F\u30D5\u30A7\u30CB\u30EB\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u30D7\u30ED\u30D1\u30F3\u306E\u540D\u3067\u899A\u9192\u5264\u306B\u6307\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u65E5\u672C\u3067\u85AC\u7269\u4E71\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u899A\u9192\u5264\u306F\u3001\u672C\u5264\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u30E1\u30BF\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u5BC6\u9020\u3068\u85AC\u7269\u4E71\u7528\u304C\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u3067\u6A2A\u884C\u3057\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u304B\u3089\u5408\u6210\u3057\u305F\u786B\u9178\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\u306E\u5F62\u3067\u51FA\u56DE\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306B\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u3001\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2\u3001\u30AB\u30CA\u30C0\u306A\u3069\u306E\u56FD\u3005\u3067\u306F\u3001\u30CA\u30EB\u30B3\u30EC\u30D7\u30B7\u30FC\u3084ADHD\u306E\u6CBB\u7642\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001\u51E6\u65B9\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\u304C\u6A2A\u6D41\u3057\u3055\u308C\u3001\u9AD8\u7B49\u5B66\u6821\u3084\u5927\u5B66\u3067\u6700\u3082\u983B\u7E41\u306B\u4E71\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u85AC\u5264\u306E\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "7"^^ . "aliceblue"@en . "A vial of the colorless amphetamine free base"@en . "Amphetamine Knoevenagel synthesis.svg"@en . "11"^^ . "y"@en . "372"^^ . "9"^^ . . "Amfetamina"@it . . . . . . "247685"^^ . "Lisdexamfetamine is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine. It is not as sensitive to pH as amphetamine when being absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Following absorption into the blood stream, lisdexamfetamine is completely converted by red blood cells to dextroamphetamine and the amino acid (L)-lysine by hydrolysis via undetermined aminopeptidase enzymes. This is the rate-limiting step in the bioactivation of lisdexamfetamine. The elimination half-life of lisdexamfetamine is generally less than 1 hour. Due to the necessary conversion of lisdexamfetamine into dextroamphetamine, levels of dextroamphetamine with lisdexamfetamine peak about one hour later than with an equivalent dose of immediate-release dextroamphetamine. Presumably due to its rate-limited activation by red blood cells, intravenous administration of lisdexamfetamine shows greatly delayed time to peak and reduced peak levels compared to intravenous administration of an equivalent dose of dextroamphetamine. The pharmacokinetics of lisdexamfetamine are similar regardless of whether it is administered orally, intranasally, or intravenously. Hence, in contrast to dextroamphetamine, parenteral use does not enhance the subjective effects of lisdexamfetamine. Because of its behavior as a prodrug and its pharmacokinetic differences, lisdexamfetamine has a longer duration of therapeutic effect than immediate-release dextroamphetamine and shows reduced misuse potential."@en . . . . . "Amphetamine Friedel-Crafts alkylation.svg"@en . "\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3"@ja . . . "hours"@en . . . . . "Diagram of a chiral resolution of racemic amphetamine and a stereoselective synthesis"@en . . "right"@en . . . . . "259200.0"^^ . . . "\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aamphetamine, alpha-methylphenethylamine\uFF09\uFF08\u5316\u5B78\u5F0F\uFF1AC\u2086H\u2085CH\u2082CH(CH\u2083)NH\u2082\uFF0C\u4E3A\u4E2D\u6A1E\u795E\u7D93\u523A\u6FC0\u5291\uFF0C\u7528\u4F86\u6CBB\u7642\u6CE8\u610F\u529B\u4E0D\u8DB3\u904E\u52D5\u75C7\u3001\u55DC\u7761\u75C7\u3001\u548C\u80A5\u80D6\u75C7\u3002\u82F1\u8BED\u6E90\u901A\u79F0\u201C\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u201D\u64F7\u53D6\u81EA\u03B1-\u7532\u57FA\u82EF\u4E59\u80FA\u7684\u82F1\u6587\u8BFB\u6CD5\u201Calpha\u2011methylphenethylamine\u201D\u4E4B\u7F29\u8BFB\u3002\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u662F\u5728\u516C\u51431887\u5E74\u767C\u73FE\u7684\uFF0C\u4EE5\u5169\u7A2E\u5C0D\u6620\u7570\u69CB\u9AD4\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\u5B58\u5728\uFF0C\u5206\u5225\u662F\u5DE6\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u548C\u53F3\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u3002\u51C6\u786E\u6765\u8BF4\uFF0C\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u6307\u7684\u662F\u7279\u5B9A\u7684\u5316\u5B78\u7269\u8CEA\uFF0C\u662F\u5916\u6D88\u65CB\u7684\uFF0C\u9019\u500B\u7269\u8CEA\u7B49\u540C\u65BC\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u7684\u5169\u500B\u5C0D\u6620\u7570\u69CB\u9AD4\uFF1A\u5DE6\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u548C\u53F3\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u7B49\u91CF\u4E4B\u7D14\u80FA\u985E\u578B\u614B\u3002\u4E0D\u904E\uFF0C\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u4E00\u8A5E\u5DF2\u7528\u4F86\u8868\u793A\u4EFB\u4F55\u6BD4\u4F8B\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u5C0D\u6620\u7570\u69CB\u9AD4\u7684\u7D44\u5408\uFF0C\u6216\u662F\u4EFB\u4E00\u7A2E\u7570\u69CB\u9AD4\u3002 \u4EE5\u5F80\u66FE\u7528\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u4F86\u6CBB\u7642\u9F3B\u585E\u548C\u6291\u9B31\u3002\u5728\u975E\u91AB\u7642\u7528\u9014\u4E0A\uFF0C\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u4E5F\u6709\u7528\u4F5C\u9AD4\u80FD\u589E\u5F37\u85E5\u7269\u3001\u76CA\u667A\u85E5\u3001\u6625\u85E5\u53CA\u6B23\u5FEB\u85E5\u7269\u3002\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u5728\u8A31\u591A\u570B\u5BB6\u70BA\u5408\u6CD5\u7684\u8655\u65B9\u85E5\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u79C1\u81EA\u6563\u5E03\u548C\u56E4\u7A4D\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u975E\u6CD5\u884C\u70BA\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u88AB\u7528\u65BC\u975E\u91AB\u7642\u7528\u9014\u7684\u52A9\u8208\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u6975\u9AD8\uFF0C\u800C\u4E14\u6709\u660E\u986F\u5065\u5EB7\u4E0A\u7684\u5371\u5BB3\u3002 \u9996\u500B\u85E5\u7528\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u7684\u85E5\u54C1\u540D\u7A31\u70BABenzedrine\u3002\u7576\u4ECA\u4EE5\u4E0B\u5217\u5E7E\u7A2E\u5F62\u5F0F\u5B58\u5728\uFF1A\u5916\u6D88\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u3001\u963F\u5F97\u62C9\u5C14\u3001\u53F3\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\uFF0C\u6216\u524D\u9A45\u85E5\u7269\u7532\u78FA\u9178\u8D56\u6C28\u9178\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u3002\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u85C9\u8457\u81EA\u8EAB\u4F5C\u7528\u65BC\u5152\u8336\u915A\u80FA\u795E\u7D93\u50B3\u5C0E\u5143\u7D20\uFF1A\u6B63\u814E\u4E0A\u817A\u7D20\u53CA\u591A\u5DF4\u80FA\u7684\u7279\u9EDE\u4F86\u6D3B\u5316\uFF0C\u9032\u800C\u589E\u52A0\u5355\u80FA\u7C7B\u795E\u7ECF\u9012\u8D28\u548C\u795E\u7ECF\u9012\u8D28\u5728\u8166\u5167\u7684\u6D3B\u52D5\u3002 \u5728\u91AB\u7642\u7528\u7684\u5291\u91CF\u7BC4\u570D\u5167\uFF0C\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u80FD\u5E36\u4F86\u60C5\u7DD2\u4EE5\u53CA\u57F7\u884C\u529F\u80FD\u7684\u8B8A\u5316\uFF0C\u4F8B\u5982\uFF1A\u6B23\u5FEB\u611F\u7684\u589E\u5F3A\u3001\u6027\u6B32\u7684\u6539\u8B8A\u3001\u6E05\u9192\u5EA6\u7684\u63D0\u5347\u3001\u5927\u8166\u57F7\u884C\u529F\u80FD\u7684\u9032\u5316\u3002\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u6240\u6539\u8B8A\u7684\u751F\u7406\u53CD\u61C9\u5305\u542B\uFF1A\u6E1B\u5C11\u53CD\u61C9\u6642\u9593\u3001\u964D\u4F4E\u75B2\u52DE\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u808C\u8010\u529B\u7684\u589E\u5F37\u3002\u82E5\u651D\u53D6\u5291\u91CF\u8FDC\u8D85\u8FC7\u91AB\u7642\u7528\u7684\u5291\u91CF\u7BC4\u570D\uFF0C\u5C07\u6703\u5C0E\u81F4\u5927\u8166\u57F7\u884C\u529F\u80FD\u53D7\u640D\u4EE5\u53CA\u6A6B\u7D0B\u808C\u6EB6\u89E3\u75C7\uFF0C\u651D\u53D6\u904E\u4EFD\u8D85\u8D8A\u91AB\u7642\u7528\u5291\u91CF\u7BC4\u570D\u7684\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u53EF\u5F15\u53D1\u56B4\u91CD\u7684\u85E5\u7269\u6210\u766E\uFF0C\u670D\u7528\u9060\u8D85\u91AB\u7642\u7528\u5291\u91CF\u7BC4\u570D\u7684\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u6703\u5F15\u8D77\u7CBE\u795E\u75BE\u75C5\uFF08\u4F8B\u5982\uFF1A\u5984\u60F3\u3001\u504F\u57F7\uFF09\u3002\u7136\u800C\u9577\u671F\u651D\u53D6\u91AB\u7642\u5291\u91CF\u7BC4\u570D\u7684\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u4E26\u4E0D\u6703\u5F15\u8D77\u4E0A\u8FF0\u75BE\u75C5\u3002\u90A3\u4E9B\u4E3A\u4EAB\u4E50\u800C\u6444\u5165\u7684\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u901A\u5E38\u4F1A\u9060\u8D85\u904E\u91AB\u7642\u7528\u5291\u91CF\u7BC4\u570D\uFF0C\u4E14\u4F34\u96A8\u8457\u975E\u5E38\u56B4\u91CD\u751A\u81F3\u81F4\u547D\u7684\u526F\u4F5C\u7528\u3002\u3002 \u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u5C6C\u65BC\u82EF\u4E59\u80FA\u884D\u751F\u7269\u3002\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u7684\u884D\u751F\u7269\u4E5F\u6B78\u5728\u540C\u4E00\u5206\u985E\u4E2D\u7684\u5206\u985E\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6BD4\u5982\u8AAA\uFF1A\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u916E\u3001\u3001MDMA\u3001\u548C\u7532\u57FA\u82EF\u4E19\u80FA\u3002\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u4E5F\u8207\u4EBA\u9AD4\u5167\u53EF\u81EA\u7136\u751F\u6210\u7684\u5169\u500B\u5C6C\u65BC\u75D5\u91CF\u80FA\u7684\u795E\u7D93\u50B3\u5C0E\u7269\u8CEA\u2014\u2014\u7279\u5225\u662F\u82EF\u4E59\u80FA\u548C\u2014\u2014\u6709\u95DC\u3002Phenethylamine\u662F\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u7684\u539F\u59CB\u5316\u5408\u7269\uFF0C\u800CN-methylphenethylamine\u5247\u662F\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u7684\u7D50\u69CB\u7570\u69CB\uFF08\u5DEE\u7570\u53EA\u5728\u65BC\u7532\u57FA\u4F4D\u7F6E\u7684\u4E0D\u540C\uFF09\u3002"@zh . . "Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. It is also commonly used as a recreational drug. Amphetamine was discovered in 1887 and exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Amphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine are often tightly controlled due to the significant health risks associated with recreational use. The first amphetamine pharmaceutical was Benzedrine, a brand which was used to treat a variety of conditions. Currently, is prescribed as racemic amphetamine, Adderall, dextroamphetamine, or the inactive prodrug lisdexamfetamine. Amphetamine increases monoamine and excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, with its most pronounced effects targeting the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitter systems. At therapeutic doses, amphetamine causes emotional and cognitive effects such as euphoria, change in desire for sex, increased wakefulness, and improved cognitive control. It induces physical effects such as improved reaction time, fatigue resistance, and increased muscle strength. Larger doses of amphetamine may impair cognitive function and induce rapid muscle breakdown. Addiction is a serious risk with heavy recreational amphetamine use, but is unlikely to occur from long-term medical use at therapeutic doses. Very high doses can result in psychosis (e.g., delusions and paranoia) which rarely occurs at therapeutic doses even during long-term use. Recreational doses are generally much larger than prescribed therapeutic doses and carry a far greater risk of serious side effects. Amphetamine belongs to the phenethylamine class. It is also the parent compound of its own structural class, the substituted amphetamines, which includes prominent substances such as bupropion, cathinone, MDMA, and methamphetamine. As a member of the phenethylamine class, amphetamine is also chemically related to the naturally occurring trace amine neuromodulators, specifically phenethylamine and N-methylphenethylamine, both of which are produced within the human body. Phenethylamine is the parent compound of amphetamine, while N-methylphenethylamine is a positional isomer of amphetamine that differs only in the placement of the methyl group."@en . . . "center"@en . . . . . . . "13852819"^^ . . "Anfetamina \u00E9 uma droga simpatomim\u00E9tica que t\u00EAm a estrutura qu\u00EDmica b\u00E1sica da beta-fenetilamina. Sob esta designa\u00E7\u00E3o, existem tr\u00EAs categorias de drogas sint\u00E9ticas que diferem entre si do ponto de vista qu\u00EDmico. Algumas anfetaminas substitu\u00EDdas s\u00E3o a dextroanfetamina e a metanfetamina. A anfetamina \u00E9 uma droga estimulante do sistema nervoso central, que provoca o aumento das capacidades f\u00EDsicas e ps\u00EDquicas."@pt . . "Amphetamin"@de . . "\u0410\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D (\u0441\u043E\u043A\u0440. \u043E\u0442 \u03B1-\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0444\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043B\u044D\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D) \u2014 \u0441\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043D\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u0438 \u0430\u043D\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0444\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043B\u044D\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430. \u041C\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D \u043D\u0430 \u0432\u044B\u0431\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u0439\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 (\u0434\u043E\u0444\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430). \u0410\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0440\u0435\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u043C, \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0432\u044B\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0443\u044E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C. \u0412\u043E \u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u043B\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0421\u0414\u0412\u0413 \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043F\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0442 \u0430\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043D \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043C\u0438."@ru . . . . . . "Amfetamina"@ca . . . . "\u0391\u03BC\u03C6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BC\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7"@el . "Signaling cascade in the nucleus accumbens that results in amphetamine addiction"@en . . . . . . "300-62-9" . "250"^^ . . . . . . . "Amfetamino"@eo . . . . . . "Amphetamine hydrochloride"@en . . . "2679"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "D07445" . . . . "A3"@en . . . . . . . . "Amfetamine"@nl . . ":"@en . . . . . . . "203"^^ . . . "D-Amphetamine molecule ball from xtal.png"@en . . . . "Amfetamina (Amfetamin; bahasa Inggris: Amphetamine, juga disebut Alfa-Metil-Fenetilamina, beta-fenil-isopropilamina, atau benzedrin) adalah obat golongan (hanya dapat diperoleh dengan resep dokter) yang biasanya digunakan hanya untuk mengobati gangguan hiperaktif karena kurang perhatian atau (ADHD) pada pasien dewasa dan anak-anak. Juga digunakan untuk mengobati gejala-gejala luka-luka pada otak dan gejala mengantuk pada siang hari pada kasus narkolepsi dan sindrom . Pada awalnya, amfetamin sangat populer digunakan untuk mengurangi nafsu makan dan mengontrol berat badan. Merk dagang Amfetamin (di AS) antara lain Adderall, dan . Sementara di Indonesia dijual dalam kemasan injeksi dengan merk dagang . Obat ini juga digunakan secara ilegal sebagai obat untuk kesenangan dan sebagai peningkat penampilan (menambah percaya diri atau PD). Istilah \"Amftamin\" sering digunakan pada campuran-campuran yang diturunkan dari Amfetamin."@in . "\u039F\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BC\u03C6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03BC\u03AF\u03BD\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B4\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BD\u03CE\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03BD, \u03BF\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C6\u03AC\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BA\u03B1, \u03B5\u03BD\u03CE \u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03AE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03B2\u03BF\u03B7\u03B8\u03AE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B4\u03AF\u03B1\u03B9\u03C4\u03B1\u03C2 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B5\u03AF\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03B2\u03AC\u03C1\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2. \u039A\u03C5\u03BA\u03BB\u03BF\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B5\u03BC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03BF\u03BD\u03CC\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03B5\u03B3\u03B5\u03C1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC. \u03A4\u03BF \u03C6\u03AC\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03BA\u03BF \u03C7\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B9\u03BC\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03B9\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03C0\u03AF\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C8\u03C5\u03C7\u03B1\u03B3\u03C9\u03B3\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC. \u0391\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03AF \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03BA\u03B1\u0390\u03BD\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C7\u03B1\u03BC\u03B7\u03BB\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03BF\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03CE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03CC\u03BC\u03BF\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C1\u03BA\u03B5\u03C4\u03AC \u03C7\u03B1\u03BC\u03B7\u03BB\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B9\u03BC\u03AE."@el . . . . . . "\uC554\uD398\uD0C0\uBBFC"@ko . . . "La anfetamina es un agente adren\u00E9rgico sint\u00E9tico, potente estimulante del sistema nervioso central. La dextro-anfetamina, surge de la separaci\u00F3n de la mezcla rac\u00E9mica (D-anfetamina y L-anfetamina) en sus dos configuraciones \u00F3pticas posibles, y la extracci\u00F3n de aquella que corresponda is\u00F3mero \u00F3ptico dextr\u00F3giro. La anfetamina es utilizada con fines terap\u00E9uticos, adem\u00E1s de como droga recreativa o para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo."@es . "Amfetamin pat\u0159\u00ED spolu s p\u0159\u00EDbuzn\u00FDm metamfetaminem mezi stimula\u010Dn\u00ED l\u00E1tky (stimulanty) zvy\u0161uj\u00EDc\u00ED hladinu neuromedi\u00E1tor\u016F noradrenalinu (norepinefrinu), serotoninu, a dopaminu v mozku. Vyu\u017E\u00EDv\u00E1 se v l\u00E9\u010Db\u011B poruchy pozornosti s hyperaktivitou (ADHD) zejm\u00E9na u d\u011Bt\u00ED, d\u00E1le p\u0159i l\u00E9\u010Db\u011B \u00FAraz\u016F mozku, narkolepsie a chronick\u00E9ho \u00FAnavov\u00E9ho syndromu. P\u016Fvodn\u011B se pou\u017E\u00EDval i jako k potla\u010Den\u00ED hladu a sn\u00ED\u017Een\u00ED t\u011Blesn\u00E9 hmotnosti."@cs . . . . "300"^^ . "18564"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Amfetamin,C6H5CH2CH(NH2)CH3, \u00E4r ett syntetiskt centralstimulerande medel. Namnet h\u00E4rr\u00F6r fr\u00E5n dess kemiska beteckning: alpha-metylfenetylamin. D\u00E5 amfetamin i ren form \u00E4r flytande omvandlas det oftast till amfetaminsulfat som har fast form och l\u00E4ttare att hantera som pulver. Amfetamin och olika derivat anv\u00E4nds inom medicin, men framf\u00F6rallt som illegalt nyttjad drog. Amfetaminmissbruk \u00E4r vanligast i Japan och Sydkorea och p\u00E5 Filippinerna. I Japan finns 1\u20132 miljoner amfetaminmissbrukare och dessa st\u00E5r f\u00F6r 35\u201350 % av yakuzans inkomster."@sv . "300"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Amphetamine)\u200F (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0646\u062B\u064A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064A \u064A\u064F\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0631\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u064F\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1887 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u062B\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0648\u063A\u0627\u062A: \u0644\u064A\u0641\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062F\u064A\u0643\u0633\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062D\u064A\u062D \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0629\u060C: \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0631\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0645\u064A \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062A\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062B\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0644\u064A\u0641\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062F\u064A\u0643\u0633\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064A \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u062F\u0629. \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062F \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0627\u062D\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062A\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064A\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0647\u064A \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062B \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0629 (\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062C). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062F\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0646\u060C \u0648"@ar . "Amfetamina (Amfetamin; bahasa Inggris: Amphetamine, juga disebut Alfa-Metil-Fenetilamina, beta-fenil-isopropilamina, atau benzedrin) adalah obat golongan (hanya dapat diperoleh dengan resep dokter) yang biasanya digunakan hanya untuk mengobati gangguan hiperaktif karena kurang perhatian atau (ADHD) pada pasien dewasa dan anak-anak. Juga digunakan untuk mengobati gejala-gejala luka-luka pada otak dan gejala mengantuk pada siang hari pada kasus narkolepsi dan sindrom ."@in . . "Amphetamine p2p ammonia synthesis.svg"@en . ""@en . "13"^^ . . . . . "at 760 mmHg"@en . . "9"^^ . . "1"^^ . "correct"@en . . . "Compared to other amphetamine pharmaceuticals, lisdexamfetamine may have a lower liability for abuse as a recreational drug."@en . . . "correct"@en . . "Amphetamin (auch: Phenylisopropylamin oder Amfetamin) ist eine synthetische chemische Verbindung aus der Stoffgruppe der Phenylethylamine und z\u00E4hlt dort zu den Weckaminen (Amine mit \u201Eaufweckender\u201C Wirkung). Es wird in der Medizin als Arzneistoff zur Behandlung der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivit\u00E4tsst\u00F6rung (ADHS) und der Narkolepsie verwendet. Amphetamin wird in Deutschland in der Anlage III im Bet\u00E4ubungsmittelgesetz aufgef\u00FChrt und stellt damit ein verkehrsf\u00E4higes und verschreibungsf\u00E4higes Bet\u00E4ubungsmittel dar; Handel und Besitz ohne Erlaubnis werden strafrechtlich verfolgt."@de . "\u03B1-methylphenethylamine"@en . "\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Amphetamine)\u200F (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u062B\u064A\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0646\u062B\u064A\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064A \u064A\u064F\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0631\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u064F\u0643\u062A\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1887 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u062B\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0648\u063A\u0627\u062A: \u0644\u064A\u0641\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062F\u064A\u0643\u0633\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646. \u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062D\u064A\u062D \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0643\u064A\u0645\u064A\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0629\u060C: \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0631\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0645\u064A \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062C\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062A\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062B\u0646\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0644\u064A\u0641\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u062F\u064A\u0643\u0633\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064A \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064A \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u062F\u0629. \u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062F \u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0627\u062D\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062A\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062D\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064A\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0631\u0641\u064A\u0647\u064A \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062A \u062C\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0639\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062B \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0629 (\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062C). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062F\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062F\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062F\u0627\u0646\u060C \u0648\u063A\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0641\u062A\u064A\u0634 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u062D \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062A\u0628\u0637\u0629 . \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062F\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u060C \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062A\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u062D\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u062F\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0622\u062F\u064A\u0631\u0627\u0644\u060C , \u062F\u064A\u0643\u0633\u062A\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0623\u0648 \u062F\u064A\u0643\u0633\u062A\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062F\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064A \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0637 . \u060C \u0645\u0646 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062A\u0641\u0639\u064A\u0644 \u060C \u0648\u064A\u0632\u064A\u062F \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A \u0645\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0645\u0627\u063A\u060C \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062B\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062B\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062D\u0627 \u062A\u0633\u062A\u0647\u062F\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646. \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064A\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0622\u062B\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062F\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0629\u060C \u0648\u062A\u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0632\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u060C \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0633\u064A\u0646 . \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064A\u062F\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062B\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0642\u062A \u0631\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0632\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062A. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629: Amphetamin) \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1930 \u0643\u062F\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0627\u062D\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u064A \u0633\u0646\u0629 1937 \u0623\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062C \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u064A\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u063A\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062C\u0647\u0627\u062F \u0648\u064A\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064A\u0642\u0638\u064A\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064A 1960 \u0634\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062D\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0644\u064A\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u064A\u0642\u0638\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064A\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062A\u062E\u0633\u064A\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064A\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064A\u0627\u0636\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062A\u062D\u0633\u064A\u0646 \u0623\u062F\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062A\u062D\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u064A\u062B\u0627\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064A. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064A \u064A\u0648\u0644\u062F \u062D\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0645. \u064A\u064F\u0638\u0647\u0650\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0645\u0627\u062B\u0644 \u062A\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0646. \n* \u0622\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631:\u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 -\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0646- \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0645\u0644\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064A\u062A\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u064A\u0637\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0646\u064A \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062A\u0639\u062A\u0645\u062F \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062A\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062C\u0647\u0629 \u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062E\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u062E\u0644\u0648\u064A\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u062D\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064A\u062F\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u062D\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064A\u0646 (MAO) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064A\u062A\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646\u0627\u062A \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064A\u0633\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063A\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0641\u064A\u062A\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0646 \u062A\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062A\u0623\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u0627."@ar . "4804"^^ . "Anfetamina \u00E9 uma droga simpatomim\u00E9tica que t\u00EAm a estrutura qu\u00EDmica b\u00E1sica da beta-fenetilamina. Sob esta designa\u00E7\u00E3o, existem tr\u00EAs categorias de drogas sint\u00E9ticas que diferem entre si do ponto de vista qu\u00EDmico. Algumas anfetaminas substitu\u00EDdas s\u00E3o a dextroanfetamina e a metanfetamina. A anfetamina \u00E9 uma droga estimulante do sistema nervoso central, que provoca o aumento das capacidades f\u00EDsicas e ps\u00EDquicas."@pt . "vertical"@en . . . . "The skeletal structures of"@en . . . . . "Amphetamine Ritter Synthesis.svg"@en . . . . . "75.0"^^ . . "Anlage III"@en . . . . "0.9360000000000001"^^ . . . . . . "Diagram of amphetamine via Ritter synthesis"@en . . "Bottom: Stereoselective synthesis of amphetamine"@en . "Racemic amphetamine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Spreagthach cumasach don n\u00E9arch\u00F3ras l\u00E1rnach, agus neamhchodladh, aireachas, gi\u00FAmar is f\u00E9inmhuin\u00EDn ardaithe, is b\u00E9alscaoilteacht mar thoradh air, chomh maith le feabhs\u00FA i nd\u00E9anamh tascanna simpl\u00ED meabhracha is fisici\u00FAla. Ar dt\u00FAs, laghda\u00EDonn s\u00E9 an goile. Baintear m\u00ED-\u00FAs\u00E1id go han-choitianta as chun fuinneamh is airdeall a mh\u00E9ad\u00FA, ach le r\u00F3-\u00FAs\u00E1id \u00E9ir\u00EDonn duine neamh-mhoth\u00E1lach d\u00F3 agus b\u00EDonn tuirse is d\u00FAlagar air. Bhaint\u00ED feidhm as tr\u00E1th chun cabhr\u00FA le daoine me\u00E1chan a chailli\u00FAint, ach n\u00ED cheada\u00EDtear \u00E9 sin anois mar gheall ar na fadhbanna and\u00FAile is neamh-mhoth\u00E1lachta. Uaireanta \u00FAs\u00E1idtear \u00E9 chun p\u00E1ist\u00ED le neamhord easnamh airde a ch\u00F3ire\u00E1il, ach is g\u00E1 an ch\u00F3ire\u00E1il a bheith gearrth\u00E9armach chun neamhoird mheabhracha cos\u00FAil le paran\u00F3ia n\u00F3 s\u00EDoc\u00F3is\u00ED eile a sheachaint. Tugtar \u2018luas\u2019 (n\u00F3 speed an focal B\u00E9arla go minic) air ina dhruga m\u00ED-\u00FAs\u00E1ide, agus d\u00E9antar go m\u00EDdhleathach \u00E9 i bhfoirm p\u00FAdair a sm\u00FArtar n\u00F3 a instealltar. Bh\u00EDodh sulf\u00E1it amfataim\u00EDn le f\u00E1il uair amh\u00E1in faoin tr\u00E1dainm Benzedrine, ach anois is sulf\u00E1it deistreamfataim\u00EDn at\u00E1 ar f\u00E1il ar oideas docht\u00FAra faoin tr\u00E1dainm Dexedrine."@ga . . . . . "20.0"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "851154960"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "DB00182" . . . "Oral:"@en . "Amfetamina"@pl . . "0"^^ . . . . . "Psychotropic Schedule II"@en . . . . . . . . "\u0410\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D"@uk . . . "\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E: amphetamine, alpha-methylphenethylamine\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u9593\u63A5\u578B\u30A2\u30C9\u30EC\u30CA\u30EA\u30F3\u53D7\u5BB9\u4F53\u523A\u6FC0\u85AC\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30E1\u30BF\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\u3068\u540C\u69D8\u306E\u4E2D\u67A2\u8208\u596E\u4F5C\u7528\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3067\u306F\u5546\u54C1\u540DAdderall\u3067\u8CA9\u58F2\u3055\u308C\u3001\u9069\u5FDC\u306F\u6CE8\u610F\u6B20\u9665\u30FB\u591A\u52D5\u6027\u969C\u5BB3 (ADHD) \u53CA\u3073\u30CA\u30EB\u30B3\u30EC\u30D7\u30B7\u30FC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5F37\u3044\u4E2D\u67A2\u8208\u596E\u4F5C\u7528\u3068\u7CBE\u795E\u4F9D\u5B58\u6027\u3001\u85AC\u5264\u8010\u6027\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002\u5411\u7CBE\u795E\u85AC\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u6761\u7D04\u306E\u4ED8\u8868II\u3001\u65E5\u672C\u306E\u899A\u9192\u5264\u53D6\u7DE0\u6CD5\u3067\u306F\u30D5\u30A7\u30CB\u30EB\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u30D7\u30ED\u30D1\u30F3\u306E\u540D\u3067\u899A\u9192\u5264\u306B\u6307\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u65E5\u672C\u3067\u85AC\u7269\u4E71\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u899A\u9192\u5264\u306F\u3001\u672C\u5264\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u30E1\u30BF\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u5BC6\u9020\u3068\u85AC\u7269\u4E71\u7528\u304C\u30E8\u30FC\u30ED\u30C3\u30D1\u3067\u6A2A\u884C\u3057\u3001\u4E3B\u306B\u304B\u3089\u5408\u6210\u3057\u305F\u786B\u9178\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\u306E\u5F62\u3067\u51FA\u56DE\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306B\u3001\u30A2\u30E1\u30EA\u30AB\u5408\u8846\u56FD\u3001\u30A4\u30AE\u30EA\u30B9\u3001\u30AA\u30FC\u30B9\u30C8\u30E9\u30EA\u30A2\u3001\u30AB\u30CA\u30C0\u306A\u3069\u306E\u56FD\u3005\u3067\u306F\u3001\u30CA\u30EB\u30B3\u30EC\u30D7\u30B7\u30FC\u3084ADHD\u306E\u6CBB\u7642\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001\u51E6\u65B9\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A7\u30BF\u30DF\u30F3\u304C\u6A2A\u6D41\u3057\u3055\u308C\u3001\u9AD8\u7B49\u5B66\u6821\u3084\u5927\u5B66\u3067\u6700\u3082\u983B\u7E41\u306B\u4E71\u7528\u3055\u308C\u308B\u85AC\u5264\u306E\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3068\u306A\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "( \uC601\uD654\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC548\uBE44\uD0C0\uBA85 \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uC554\uD398\uD0C0\uBBFC(Amphetamine, alpha-methylphenethylamine\uC758 \uC900\uB9D0)\uC740 \uD53C\uB85C\uC640 \uC2DD\uC695\uC744 \uB0AE\uCD94\uACE0 \uAE30\uBBFC\uC131\uC744 \uC99D\uAC00\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uD39C\uC5D0\uD2F8\uC544\uBBFC \uACC4\uC5F4\uC758 \uC911\uCD94\uC2E0\uACBD\uACC4 \uAC01\uC131\uC81C\uC758 \uC77C\uC885\uC73C\uB85C, \uC8FC\uB85C \uC8FC\uC758\uB825\uACB0\uD54D \uACFC\uB2E4\uD589\uB3D9\uC7A5\uC560(ADHD), \uAE30\uBA74\uC99D, \uBE44\uB9CC\uC99D \uB4F1\uC758 \uCE58\uB8CC\uC81C\uB85C \uC4F0\uC778\uB2E4. \uB178\uB974\uC5D0\uD53C\uB124\uD504\uB9B0 \uBC0F \uB3C4\uD30C\uBBFC\uC758 \uC7AC\uD761\uC218 \uC5B5\uC81C\uC81C\uB85C \uC791\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC (NDRI) \uAC01\uC131 \uD6A8\uACFC\uB97C \uC77C\uC73C\uD0A4\uBA70, \uD2B9\uD788 \uB3C4\uD30C\uBBFC\uC758 \uBD84\uBE44\uB97C \uCD09\uC9C4\uD558\uACE0 \uAD00\uB828 \uC2E0\uACBD\uC804\uB2EC\uACC4\uB97C \uAC1C\uC120\uD558\uC5EC ADHD\uC758 \uC99D\uC0C1 \uC644\uD654 \uBC0F \uCE58\uB8CC\uC5D0 \uD0C1\uC6D4\uD55C \uD6A8\uACFC\uB97C \uBCF4\uC778\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC77C\uC2DC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBC18\uC751\uC18D\uB3C4, \uADFC\uB825\uC758 \uD5A5\uC0C1\uC744 \uBCF4\uC5EC \uACBD\uAE30\uB825 \uD5A5\uC0C1 \uC57D\uBB3C\uB85C \uB0A8\uC6A9\uB418\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4. \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 1887\uB144 \uBC1C\uACAC\uB41C \uC774\uD6C4 \uBE44\uCDA9\uD608 \uC81C\uAC70\uC81C\uB85C\uC11C \uC758\uD559\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC4F0\uC5EC\uC654\uC73C\uBA70 \uC6B0\uC6B8\uC99D \uCE58\uB8CC\uC81C\uB85C\uB3C4 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uC5B4 \uC654\uB2E4. \uC815\uC2E0\uC801 \uC758\uC874\uC774 \uB098\uD0C0\uB0A0 \uC218 \uC788\uC5B4 \uD55C\uAD6D, \uC77C\uBCF8 \uB4F1 \uC77C\uBD80 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC774 \uAE08\uC9C0\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC73C\uB098 \uC774\uB4E4\uC744 \uC81C\uC678\uD55C \uC804 \uC138\uACC4 183\uAC1C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC758\uB8CC\uC801 \uCC98\uBC29\uC774 \uC2B9\uC778\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC57D\uC758 \uC0C1\uD45C\uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uC5D0\uBCA0\uCF00\uC624(Evekeo), \uC560\uB354\uB7F4(Adderall) \uB4F1\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "BA01"@en . . "1"^^ . . "76"^^ . . "hours"@en . . . "Recreational: oral, insufflation, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular"@en . . . . . . . . . "-1"^^ . . . "hours"@en . . "Method 5: Synthesis by Knoevenagel condensation"@en . . . . "Anfetamina"@pt . "4"^^ . . . . . . . . "\u0410\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D (\u0444\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D) (\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0410\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430-\u043C\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0444\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D) \u2014 \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044F\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043D\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438, \u0454 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043C \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043C\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043D\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0443. \u0421\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0456\u043C\u0438: \u0430\u043A\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D, \u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0442\u043E\u043B, \u0430\u043C\u0444\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u0430\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D, \u0430\u043C\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u043D\u0437\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u043D\u0437\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u0435\u0439\u0444\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043D, \u0444\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u0456\u0437\u043E\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u043E\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D, \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D, \u043F\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043D, \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043D, \u0440\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u0441\u0438\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u0441\u0438\u043C\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043D."@uk . "stimulant, anorectic"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Amfetamin"@sv . "Amfetamin"@in . . . . . . "\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1Aamphetamine, alpha-methylphenethylamine\uFF09\uFF08\u5316\u5B78\u5F0F\uFF1AC\u2086H\u2085CH\u2082CH(CH\u2083)NH\u2082\uFF0C\u4E3A\u4E2D\u6A1E\u795E\u7D93\u523A\u6FC0\u5291\uFF0C\u7528\u4F86\u6CBB\u7642\u6CE8\u610F\u529B\u4E0D\u8DB3\u904E\u52D5\u75C7\u3001\u55DC\u7761\u75C7\u3001\u548C\u80A5\u80D6\u75C7\u3002\u82F1\u8BED\u6E90\u901A\u79F0\u201C\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u201D\u64F7\u53D6\u81EA\u03B1-\u7532\u57FA\u82EF\u4E59\u80FA\u7684\u82F1\u6587\u8BFB\u6CD5\u201Calpha\u2011methylphenethylamine\u201D\u4E4B\u7F29\u8BFB\u3002\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u662F\u5728\u516C\u51431887\u5E74\u767C\u73FE\u7684\uFF0C\u4EE5\u5169\u7A2E\u5C0D\u6620\u7570\u69CB\u9AD4\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\u5B58\u5728\uFF0C\u5206\u5225\u662F\u5DE6\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u548C\u53F3\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u3002\u51C6\u786E\u6765\u8BF4\uFF0C\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u6307\u7684\u662F\u7279\u5B9A\u7684\u5316\u5B78\u7269\u8CEA\uFF0C\u662F\u5916\u6D88\u65CB\u7684\uFF0C\u9019\u500B\u7269\u8CEA\u7B49\u540C\u65BC\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u7684\u5169\u500B\u5C0D\u6620\u7570\u69CB\u9AD4\uFF1A\u5DE6\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u548C\u53F3\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u7B49\u91CF\u4E4B\u7D14\u80FA\u985E\u578B\u614B\u3002\u4E0D\u904E\uFF0C\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u4E00\u8A5E\u5DF2\u7528\u4F86\u8868\u793A\u4EFB\u4F55\u6BD4\u4F8B\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u5C0D\u6620\u7570\u69CB\u9AD4\u7684\u7D44\u5408\uFF0C\u6216\u662F\u4EFB\u4E00\u7A2E\u7570\u69CB\u9AD4\u3002 \u4EE5\u5F80\u66FE\u7528\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u4F86\u6CBB\u7642\u9F3B\u585E\u548C\u6291\u9B31\u3002\u5728\u975E\u91AB\u7642\u7528\u9014\u4E0A\uFF0C\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u4E5F\u6709\u7528\u4F5C\u9AD4\u80FD\u589E\u5F37\u85E5\u7269\u3001\u76CA\u667A\u85E5\u3001\u6625\u85E5\u53CA\u6B23\u5FEB\u85E5\u7269\u3002\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u5728\u8A31\u591A\u570B\u5BB6\u70BA\u5408\u6CD5\u7684\u8655\u65B9\u85E5\u3002\u7136\u800C\uFF0C\u79C1\u81EA\u6563\u5E03\u548C\u56E4\u7A4D\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u88AB\u8996\u70BA\u975E\u6CD5\u884C\u70BA\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u88AB\u7528\u65BC\u975E\u91AB\u7642\u7528\u9014\u7684\u52A9\u8208\u53EF\u80FD\u6027\u6975\u9AD8\uFF0C\u800C\u4E14\u6709\u660E\u986F\u5065\u5EB7\u4E0A\u7684\u5371\u5BB3\u3002 \u9996\u500B\u85E5\u7528\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u7684\u85E5\u54C1\u540D\u7A31\u70BABenzedrine\u3002\u7576\u4ECA\u4EE5\u4E0B\u5217\u5E7E\u7A2E\u5F62\u5F0F\u5B58\u5728\uFF1A\u5916\u6D88\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u3001\u963F\u5F97\u62C9\u5C14\u3001\u53F3\u65CB\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\uFF0C\u6216\u524D\u9A45\u85E5\u7269\u7532\u78FA\u9178\u8D56\u6C28\u9178\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u3002\u5B89\u975E\u4ED6\u547D\u85C9\u8457\u81EA\u8EAB\u4F5C\u7528\u65BC\u5152\u8336\u915A\u80FA\u795E\u7D93\u50B3\u5C0E\u5143\u7D20\uFF1A\u6B63\u814E\u4E0A\u817A\u7D20\u53CA\u591A\u5DF4\u80FA\u7684\u7279\u9EDE\u4F86\u6D3B\u5316\uFF0C\u9032\u800C\u589E\u52A0\u5355\u80FA\u7C7B\u795E\u7ECF\u9012\u8D28\u548C\u795E\u7ECF\u9012\u8D28\u5728\u8166\u5167\u7684\u6D3B\u52D5\u3002"@zh . . "Diagram of amphetamine synthesis by Knoevenagel condensation"@en . "Method 2: Synthesis by Friedel\u2013Crafts alkylation"@en . . . . . . . . "Schedule 8"@en . . . . . "2679" . "and"@en . . "Amphetamine"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Amfetamin,C6H5CH2CH(NH2)CH3, \u00E4r ett syntetiskt centralstimulerande medel. Namnet h\u00E4rr\u00F6r fr\u00E5n dess kemiska beteckning: alpha-metylfenetylamin. D\u00E5 amfetamin i ren form \u00E4r flytande omvandlas det oftast till amfetaminsulfat som har fast form och l\u00E4ttare att hantera som pulver. Amfetamin och olika derivat anv\u00E4nds inom medicin, men framf\u00F6rallt som illegalt nyttjad drog. Amfetaminmissbruk \u00E4r vanligast i Japan och Sydkorea och p\u00E5 Filippinerna. I Japan finns 1\u20132 miljoner amfetaminmissbrukare och dessa st\u00E5r f\u00F6r 35\u201350 % av yakuzans inkomster. I m\u00E5nga l\u00E4nder skiljer man i statistiken f\u00F6r narkotika-anv\u00E4ndning inte mellan amfetamin och metylamfetamin. FN:s kontor f\u00F6r narkotikakontroll och f\u00F6rebyggande av brott (UNODC) uppskattar att i v\u00E4rlden som helhet finns det mellan 16 och 51 miljoner personer som \u00E5rligen anv\u00E4nder en drog ur amfetamingruppen. De anv\u00E4nder till 54\u201359 % metylamfetamin, 32\u201335 % amfetamin och 8\u201311 % andra droger i amfetamin-gruppen. Minst h\u00E4lften av dem som anv\u00E4nder droger i amfetamin-gruppen bor i Asien, runt 3,8 miljoner i Nordamerika och 1,6\u20131,7 miljoner i V\u00E4steuropa. I Sverige \u00E4r amfetamin den mest f\u00F6rekommande illegala drogen efter cannabis och den vanligaste intraven\u00F6sa drogen \u00F6ver huvud taget. Centralf\u00F6rbundet f\u00F6r alkohol- och narkotikaupplysning (CAN) uppger att priset f\u00F6r ett gram amfetamin 2007 l\u00E5g i intervallet 125\u2013400 kr med ett medianpris p\u00E5 225 kr. Man konstaterar ocks\u00E5 att priset sjunkit sen 1988, inte bara korrigerat efter inflation utan \u00E4ven rent nominellt. Europeiska centrumet f\u00F6r kontroll av narkotika och narkotikamissbruk (ECNN) rapporterar att priset p\u00E5 amfetamin i slutledet varierar mellan 10 och 15 euro per gram i Europa. Amfetamin \u00E4r narkotikaklassat av F\u00F6renta nationerna och ing\u00E5r i f\u00F6rteckning P II i 1971 \u00E5rs psykotropkonvention, samt i f\u00F6rteckning II i Sverige. Det f\u00F6rskrivs fortfarande i stor omfattning i m\u00E5nga l\u00E4nder. I Sverige har medlet sedan slutet av 1960-talet endast f\u00E5tt f\u00F6rskrivas f\u00F6r behandling av narkolepsi och ADHD.[k\u00E4lla beh\u00F6vs] 2013 godk\u00E4ndes ett l\u00E4kemedel som inneh\u00E5ller amfetamin f\u00F6r behandling av ADHD, Elvanse (lisdexamfetamin). 2014 godk\u00E4ndes Attentin (Dexamfetamin) - det kunde b\u00F6rja f\u00F6rskrivas efter sommaren 2015."@sv . . . . . . . . . . "dosing:"@en . . . . . . . . "An image of the amphetamine compound"@en . . . . . . . . . . "D07445"@en . . "8"^^ . . . . . . "3"^^ . . . . ""@en . . "L'amfetamina (alfa-metilfeniletilammina) o anfetamina o anfetammina \u00E8 un farmaco con propriet\u00E0 anoressizzanti e psicostimolanti. Veniva e viene tuttora utilizzato in alcuni Stati (come per esempio negli USA e in alcuni Stati europei) per il trattamento del disturbo da deficit di attenzione/iperattivit\u00E0 (ADHD) nei bambini e negli adulti come antidepressivo, psicostimolante e anoressizzante. Fino agli anni \u201870 l\u2019amfetamina e alcuni suoi analoghi sintetici erano venduti liberamente nelle farmacie come tonici. \u00C8 un analogo sintetico del neurotrasmettitore endogeno feniletilammina."@it . . . . . ""@en . . "An image of phenyl-2-nitropropene and amphetamine hydrochloride"@en . . . . "30"^^ . . . "Amphetamine Hofmann Curtius Synthesis.svg"@en . . . . . . . . "Amfetamina, pot. speed \u2013 organiczny zwi\u0105zek chemiczny, pochodna 2-fenyloetyloaminy, silny stymulant OUN wykorzystywany w leczeniu ADHD, narkolepsji i oty\u0142o\u015Bci. Odkryta w 1887, wyst\u0119puje w dw\u00F3ch enancjomerach, kt\u00F3rymi s\u0105 lewoamfetamina i dekstroamfetamina. Nazwa amfetamina odnosi si\u0119 za\u015B do racemicznej wolnej zasady, a wi\u0119c sk\u0142adaj\u0105cej si\u0119 z r\u00F3wnomolowej mieszaniny czystych enancjomer\u00F3w. Niemniej termin ten jest cz\u0119sto u\u017Cywany nieformalnie do dowolnej mieszaniny enancjomer\u00F3w, a nawet do czystych enancjomer\u00F3w. Historycznie wykorzystywano j\u0105 do leczenia obrz\u0119ku nosa i zaburze\u0144 depresyjnych. Stosuje si\u0119 j\u0105 jako \u015Brodek dopinguj\u0105cy oraz substancj\u0119 nootropow\u0105, a tak\u017Ce rekreacyjnie jako afrodyzjak i zwi\u0105zek euforyzuj\u0105cy. Posiadanie i dystrybucja s\u0105 \u015Bci\u015Ble kontrolowane w wielu krajach, z powodu znacznego ryzyka zdrowotnego, zwi\u0105zanego z u\u017Cyciem rekreacyjnym. Pierwszym farmaceutycznym preparatem amfetaminy by\u0142 Benzedrine, u\u017Cywany w leczeniu r\u00F3\u017Cnorodnych stan\u00F3w. Obecnie przepisuje si\u0119 racemiczny Adderall (siarczan dekstramfetaminy), glukaran dekstroamfetaminy, siarczan amfetaminy i asparaginian amfetaminy, dekstroamfetamin\u0119 b\u0105d\u017A nieaktywny prolek . Amfetamina poprzez aktywacj\u0119 zwi\u0119ksza aktywno\u015B\u0107 monoamin i neuroprzeka\u017Anik\u00F3w pobudzaj\u0105cych w m\u00F3zgu, najsilniej wp\u0142ywaj\u0105c na noradrenalin\u0119 i dopamin\u0119. W dawkach terapeutycznych amfetamina wywo\u0142uje zmiany emocjonalne i poznawcze, jak euforia, zmiany libido, zwi\u0119kszone czuwanie, polepszone funkcje wykonawcze. Indukuje efekty tak jak kr\u00F3tszy czas reakcji, brak poczucia zm\u0119czenia, zwi\u0119kszona si\u0142a mi\u0119\u015Bniowa. Wi\u0119ksze dawki amfetaminy mog\u0105 uszkadza\u0107 funkcje poznawcze, a nawet gwa\u0142townie niszczy\u0107 mi\u0119\u015Bnie. Powa\u017Cne ryzyko stanowi zesp\u00F3\u0142 uzale\u017Cnienia w wyniku stosowania du\u017Cych dawek, natomiast jest on ma\u0142o prawdopodobny przy stosowaniu dawek medycznych, nawet d\u0142ugoterminowo. Bardzo du\u017Ce dawki mog\u0105 wywo\u0142ywa\u0107 psychoz\u0119 (m.in. obecno\u015B\u0107 uroje\u0144). Rzadko obserwuje si\u0119 j\u0105 po za\u017Cyciu dawki terapeutycznej, nawet po d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142ym ich przyjmowaniu. Dawki rekreacyjne s\u0105 og\u00F3lnie znacznie wi\u0119ksze od przepisywanych w leczeniu i wi\u0105\u017C\u0105 si\u0119 ze znacznie wi\u0119kszym ryzykiem powa\u017Cnych efekt\u00F3w ubocznych. Amfetamina posiada ca\u0142\u0105 klas\u0119 pochodnych, . Termin \u201Eamfetaminy\u201D odnosi si\u0119 tak\u017Ce do klasy zwi\u0105zk\u00F3w chemicznych, ale w przeciwie\u0144stwie do podstawionych amfetamin nie ma standardowej definicji w literaturze akademickiej. Jedna z bardziej restrykcyjnych definicji obejmuje tylko racemat i enancjomery amfetaminy lub metamfetaminy. Najog\u00F3lniejsza definicja obejmuje szeroki zakres zwi\u0105zk\u00F3w powi\u0105zanych ze sob\u0105 farmakologicznie lub strukturalnie. Z powodu niejednoznaczno\u015Bci zwi\u0105zanej z u\u017Cyciem s\u0142owa \u201Eamfetamina\u201D w liczbie mnogiej w artykule s\u0142owo to u\u017Cywane b\u0119dzie na oznaczenie racematu (L-amfetaminy, D-amfetaminy). Do podstawionych amfetamin zaliczaj\u0105 si\u0119 bupropion, katynon, MDMA (ecstasy) i metamfetamina. Jako fenyloetyloamina amfetamina zwi\u0105zana jest tak\u017Ce chemicznie z naturalnie wyst\u0119puj\u0105cymi neuromodulatorami, zw\u0142aszcza 2-fenyloetyloamin\u0105 i . Oba te zwi\u0105zki syntezowane s\u0105 w organizmie cz\u0142owieka. Amfetamina jest pochodn\u0105 fenyloetyloaminy. Natomiast N-metylofenyloetyloamina jest izomerem konstytucyjnym r\u00F3\u017Cni\u0105cym si\u0119 od niej po\u0142o\u017Ceniem grupy metylowej."@pl . . . . "Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. It is also commonly used as a recreational drug. Amphetamine was discovered in 1887 and exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Amphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreati"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Amphetamine Freebase.png"@en . . . . . . . "pH-dependent"@en . "( \uC601\uD654\uC5D0 \uB300\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC548\uBE44\uD0C0\uBA85 \uBB38\uC11C\uB97C \uCC38\uACE0\uD558\uC2ED\uC2DC\uC624.) \uC554\uD398\uD0C0\uBBFC(Amphetamine, alpha-methylphenethylamine\uC758 \uC900\uB9D0)\uC740 \uD53C\uB85C\uC640 \uC2DD\uC695\uC744 \uB0AE\uCD94\uACE0 \uAE30\uBBFC\uC131\uC744 \uC99D\uAC00\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uD39C\uC5D0\uD2F8\uC544\uBBFC \uACC4\uC5F4\uC758 \uC911\uCD94\uC2E0\uACBD\uACC4 \uAC01\uC131\uC81C\uC758 \uC77C\uC885\uC73C\uB85C, \uC8FC\uB85C \uC8FC\uC758\uB825\uACB0\uD54D \uACFC\uB2E4\uD589\uB3D9\uC7A5\uC560(ADHD), \uAE30\uBA74\uC99D, \uBE44\uB9CC\uC99D \uB4F1\uC758 \uCE58\uB8CC\uC81C\uB85C \uC4F0\uC778\uB2E4. \uB178\uB974\uC5D0\uD53C\uB124\uD504\uB9B0 \uBC0F \uB3C4\uD30C\uBBFC\uC758 \uC7AC\uD761\uC218 \uC5B5\uC81C\uC81C\uB85C \uC791\uC6A9\uD558\uC5EC (NDRI) \uAC01\uC131 \uD6A8\uACFC\uB97C \uC77C\uC73C\uD0A4\uBA70, \uD2B9\uD788 \uB3C4\uD30C\uBBFC\uC758 \uBD84\uBE44\uB97C \uCD09\uC9C4\uD558\uACE0 \uAD00\uB828 \uC2E0\uACBD\uC804\uB2EC\uACC4\uB97C \uAC1C\uC120\uD558\uC5EC ADHD\uC758 \uC99D\uC0C1 \uC644\uD654 \uBC0F \uCE58\uB8CC\uC5D0 \uD0C1\uC6D4\uD55C \uD6A8\uACFC\uB97C \uBCF4\uC778\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC77C\uC2DC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBC18\uC751\uC18D\uB3C4, \uADFC\uB825\uC758 \uD5A5\uC0C1\uC744 \uBCF4\uC5EC \uACBD\uAE30\uB825 \uD5A5\uC0C1 \uC57D\uBB3C\uB85C \uB0A8\uC6A9\uB418\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4. \uC5ED\uC0AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 1887\uB144 \uBC1C\uACAC\uB41C \uC774\uD6C4 \uBE44\uCDA9\uD608 \uC81C\uAC70\uC81C\uB85C\uC11C \uC758\uD559\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC4F0\uC5EC\uC654\uC73C\uBA70 \uC6B0\uC6B8\uC99D \uCE58\uB8CC\uC81C\uB85C\uB3C4 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uB418\uC5B4 \uC654\uB2E4. \uC815\uC2E0\uC801 \uC758\uC874\uC774 \uB098\uD0C0\uB0A0 \uC218 \uC788\uC5B4 \uD55C\uAD6D, \uC77C\uBCF8 \uB4F1 \uC77C\uBD80 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC0AC\uC6A9\uC774 \uAE08\uC9C0\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uC73C\uB098 \uC774\uB4E4\uC744 \uC81C\uC678\uD55C \uC804 \uC138\uACC4 183\uAC1C\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC758\uB8CC\uC801 \uCC98\uBC29\uC774 \uC2B9\uC778\uB418\uC5B4 \uC788\uB2E4. \uC57D\uC758 \uC0C1\uD45C\uBA85\uC73C\uB85C \uC5D0\uBCA0\uCF00\uC624(Evekeo), \uC560\uB354\uB7F4(Adderall) \uB4F1\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko . "CK833KGX7E" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "DB00182"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Evekeo,Adderall,ref|Adderall and other mixed amphetamine salts products such as Mydayis are not racemic amphetamine - they are a mixture composed of equal parts racemate and dextroamphetamine.\nSee Mixed amphetamine salts for more information about the mixture, and [[#Pharmaceutical products|this section]] for information about the various mixtures of amphetamine enantiomers currently marketed.|name=AdderallDiff|group=note[[#Pharmaceutical products"@en . . .